STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH & Ors. v. TJKAM DAS

But the State's demand for the difference was successfully challenged by the' respondent, in the High Court, on the ground that the balance of stocks on f\iarch 31, 1964, was covered by the licence fee already p<iid and conld not be subjected to enhanced levy. F Allowing the appeal to this Court, G H HELD : (1) Subordinate legislation made by a delegate cannot have re trospective effect unless the rule-making power in the concerned statute expressly er by necessary implication confers power in this behalf. But s. 63 of ~he Act does contemplate not merely the po\ver to make rules but to bring th~:n1 into force from any previous date. It states that all rules made under the 1\ct shall have effect from the date of publication in the official gazette or frtJln .n1ch other date as may be specified in that behalf. Therefore, the enhanced levy of licence fees operates from April I, 1964. [236F, H 237AJ (2) Rule XXVI of the General Licence Conditions provides that if there is enhancement of duty, the licensee shaJI pay the difference of duty on the 'balance of stocks' as on the date preceding the expiry of the licence.

The rule tilso provides for refund by the State if there is a reduction of duty. -Reading this rule with the amended r. IV of the Foreign Liquor Rules, the 'balance of stocks' is the surplus stock· held by the licensee immediately before the expiry cf his licence. Therefore the quantity held over on March ,31, 1964, became liable to the enhanced licence fee on April l, 1964. [238E-F] (3) (a) If the respondent's contention is accepted l?ersons \Vho ~1.ve huge stocks Jeft over will not have to pay the enhanced licence fee while fre:o;h [238-G] licensees would be so liable i and (b) If the respondent had surrendered his stock as he should have but for his undertaking he would have had to pay the enhanced rate for such left-over stock. [238HJ -., . ( > .( ' M.P. STATE v. TIJ!:AM DAS (Krishna lyer, J.) , 235 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 668 of 1968. A From the Judgment and Order dated 2nd March 1965 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Misc.

Petition No. 348 of 1964. Ram Panjwani, l. N. Shroff and H. S. Parithar, for the appellants. B. N. Lokur and A. G. Ratnaparkhi, for the respondent. B The Judgment of the Court was delivered by . KRISHNA IYER, l-The claim of the appellant, the State of Madhya Pradesh, to leavy enhanced license fee on the spill-over stock C of intoxicating liquor held as on April 1, 1964 by the respondent who runs a bar, was successfully challenged in the High Court. So the State has come up in appeal, by certificate, under Art. 133 and disputes the correctness of the view accepted by the High Court. ~ . As is obvious, the facts are brief and beyond dispute, the issue of law straight and simple and our decision, on a careful study of the alternative constructions of the relevant provision, is that the State is entitled to collect the fee on the revised scale. The respondent runs a cafe at Indore and a foreign liquor bar booths expensive sales and attracts affluent a&:licts.

Naturally, as a profitable proposition the res pondent obtained a licence for the sale of foreign liquor (in Form F. L. 3) issued µnder the Foreign Liquor Rules framed under the Excise Act, 1915('). The licenc~ which he held was for one year from April 1, J 963 to March 31, 1964. At that time, under the extant rules the fee payable was 37 paise per quart bottle of malt liquor and different rates for other kinds of foreign liquor. On the date of expiry of the licence, viz., 31st March 1964, the respondent had with him a large quantity of unsold liquor which was already in the licensed premises, having been brought earlier. He obtained a fresh licence for a further period of one year commencing from April 1, 1964. Meanwhile Gov ernment was entertaining the idea of enhancing the scales of licence ree for the various kinds of foreign liquor. The balance quantity left over with the respondent at ·the end of the licensed period, viz., March 31, 1964 was checked by the concerned Excise Officials and a panch nama prepared in that behalf.

Ordinarily, the surplus stock has to be surrendered by the licensee but, on an undertaking to pay !he difference in the event of an enhancement of the rates, the bar owner was per mitted to keep on his premises the balance quantity so ascertained. Apparently the State Government had decided on the increased rate because we find from Annexure B a demand being made by the Excise Inspector on the licensee -to pay the difference of fees consequent on the enhancement of the scale of fees, as worked out on the stock which remained in hand with the owner of the bar on the night of March 31, 1964: Despite !he undertaking given to comply with such enhanced demand, the hotelier resisted it and took up the stand that the balance stock had already been subjected to licence fee when it was brought in and that the subsequent raising of the rate of licence D E F G H 1 ( ) Madhya Pradesh Excise Act, 1915 (Act II of 1915). • ' • 236 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1975] SUPP· S.C.R. A fee could not be applied validly to such stocks.

Since the State insist ed, on levying at the larger rate even on the balance stock held on March 31, 1964 the respondent moved the High Court for the issu ance of a writ quashing the demand as illegal. The legality of the levy depends on the applicability of the enhanced scales of licence fee the balance of foreign liquor stock held by the licensee on the micl- B night of 31/3-1/4/1964. The facts being thus plain, we will straight go to the law relied on by the State in support of its claim. The Excise Act and the Foreign Liquor Rules made thereunder govern sales of these intoxicants and Form F.L.3 applies to bars which sell foreign .liquor for consumption on the premises. On April 25, 1964, the Government, by virtue of its powers un der the Act, amended in certain respects the Foreign Liquor Rules. One such amendment concerns the scale of fees in respect of licence in Form F.L.3, an upward revision having been effected.

The rule itself, although promulgated on April 25, 1964 was given effect re- trospectively from April 1, 1964. Apart from raising the rates. Rule IV was also amended by the addition of the (ollowing provision at the end of it : "The licensee shall be hablc to pay the difference of fees per bottle on the balance of stocks of foreign liquor in the event of the enhancement of the scale of fees during the currency or on expiry of the licence.'· Based on this modification of the rules, the State made the demand for the difference. c D E F implication Let us examine the rival contentions and test the soundness of each briefly. First of all, we have to ascertain the scope and area of the rule-making powers, the limitations thereon and the retro-active ope ration of such rules. There is no doubt ·that unlike legislation made by a sovereign legislature, subordinate legislation made by a delegate cannot have retrospective effect unless the rule-making power in the concerned statute expressly or by necessary confers power in this behalf.

Our attention has been drawn to ss.62 (g) and (h) and 63 in this connection, by counsel for the State. The State G Government may make rules for the purpose of carrying out the pro visions of the Act (s.62). Such rubs may regulate the amount of fee, the terms and conditions of licences and the scale of fees and the manner of fixing the fees payable in respect of such licences [62 (g) and (h)]. This provision, by itself, does not expressly grant power to make retrospective rules. But s. 63 specifically states 'all rules made and notifications issued under this Act shall be pub lished in the Official Gazette, and shall have effect from the date of such publication or from such other date as may be specified in that behalf.' Clearly the Legislature has empowered ils delegate, the State Government, not merely to make the rules but to give effect to them from such date as may be specified by the dekgate.

This provision re garding subordinate legislation does ,contemplate not merely the power to make rules but to bring them into force from any previous date. " -•.__ .. " -, - . M.P. STATE v. TIKAM DAS (Krishna Iyer, J.) Therefore antedating the effect of the amendment of Rule IV is not obnoxiou• to the scheme nor ultra vires s.62. 237 A The focus must now turn on the disposal of the balance stocks with licensees held on the expiration of the period. Rule XXV (') regu lates the disposal of such balance of intoxicants left with vendors after the expiration of their licences; if they get new licences on the B expiry of the old in respect of the same premises, they are allowed the new licence to retain the balance of stock for the purposes of [r. XXV (a)]. In the event of the fee or duty being enhancee or re duced, r. XXVI makes such change applicable to the balance of stock. It is useful to reproduce r .. XXVI here : "XXVI. Procedure to be followed when duty is enhanced or C reduced.

If it is notified by the Collector that from any particular date the duty leviable on any intoxicants is to be enhanced, all licensed vendors in possession of such intoxicants shall, on the evening preceding that date, dep'osit their . stock with such persons as the District Excise Officer may ap point for the purpose. Sqch stocks shall remain in depo- sit until verified and the District Excise Officer may order that the difference of duty be levied on. the balance of the stocks, and the licensee shall then pay such duty within thirty days of the date on which the enhanced rare of duty comes in!o force : D E (a) Provided that if such stock, or part of such stock, be destroyed, the difference of duty shall not be levied on the stock destroyed; and (b) Provided also that if the balance of stock so deposited is transferred to another licensed vendor, the difference of F duty shall be levied from the transferee before the trans- fer is completed. ... , The above procedure regarding the deposit and verification of stock of intoxicants consequent on the enhancement of duty shall also apply when duty leviable on any intoxi cants is reduced.

Refund of the difference in duty con- G sequent on the reduction in its rate may be sanctioned by the Excise Commissioner on receipt of an application from the licensee through the Collector of the district. " A fair reading of this rule yields only one result. The licensed ven- dor in possession of surplus intoxicants on the eate preceding expiry of his licence should ordinarily deposit such stock with the appointed Excise Officer. On verification of the actual quantity of such stock, H the District Excise Officer 'may order that the difference of duty be levied on the balance of stocks, and the licensee shall then pay such duty ...... '. Of course, the above procedure primarily visualizes. en hancement of duty. but is made. applicable to reduction of duty when 1 Under the General Licence Conditions under s. 62. ( 238 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1975] SUPP· s.c.R. A refund of duty shall be made by the State.

Rule IV virtually extends this kind of dealing with balance of stocks when the subject matter is license fee as distinguished from duty. Moreover, licensees bound by the general licence conditions (vide condition No. 6 of the license) and the general licence conditions with which we are con cerned are set out in rr. XXV and XXVI already adverted to. B In this background of the law, the short question is whether the respondent is liable to pay enhanced fee brought about by amendment of the rules on April 25, 1964. The first contention that has been raised by the respondent in sup- C port of the judgment of the High Court is that in any case subordinate legislation cannot be retrospective and the State Government cannot therefore make rules and give effect to them retroactively. We have already set out the provisions of ss. 62 aud 63 bearing on the subject and have no doubt that, in the present case, the statute does authorise the State, as its delegate, to make retroactive rules.

Therefore we ne- D gative the contention that the enhanced levy of licence fee cannot operate as from April 1, 1964. E F The second contention which has found favour with the High Court is that the balance on hand on March 31, l 964 is covered by the license fee already paid and cannot therefore be subjected to the enhanced levy on April 1, 1964. There is a measure of absurdity in the ruk, if this be the construction. Indeed, the High Court itself notices that the words used to tax at a higher rate the balance of stocks would become redudant in r. XXVI. A fair reading of the rule giving full effect td the words used in r. XXVI of the Excise rules and the explanation added to r. IV (of the Foreign Liquor Rules al ready extracted) leave us in no doubt that the balance of stocks en visioned by the rules and subiected to enhancement or reduction of duty is such surplus stock as is held iunnediately before the expiry of the previous license.

So construed, in this case the quantity held over on March 31, 1964 becomes liable to enhancement of license fee on April J, 1964 and that is precisely what the State has claimed. G Indeed, commonsense suggests no alternative construction. For, otherwise, some persons who by accident have huge stocks left over will not have to pay the enhanced rate of licence fee while others with 'virgin' licences for that year and begin with no stock-on-hand have to pay at a higher rate. Again, if only the respondent had sur rendered his surplus stocks on 31-3-1964, as ordmanly he would retain that quantity in have had to had be not been permitted to H view of his getting a fresh licence for the same premises, he would have had to pay the enhanced rate for such left-over stock. !h:-is, both law and logic, correct construction and commonsense, comc1de in the conclusion that the Eagle Cafe Bar owner (the respondent) had to pay the higher fee on the balance of stock as on April 1, ! 964.

The High Court erred in its interpretation of •the rules as applicable to the present situation. "' .. . - '· • M.P. STATE v. TIKAM DAS (Krishna Iyer, J.) 239 We allow the appeal but, having regard to the fact that the sum A involved is unsubstantial although the Higl> Court regards the ques- tion of law involved as substantial, we direct that the parties do bear their costs. Appeal allowed. - .