SAHODRABAI RAI v. RAM SINGH AHARWAR

HELD : The order of the High Court must be set aside. The words used in s. 81(3) are only "the election petition". There is no mention of any document accompanying the election petition. Since the election petition itself reproduced the whole of the pamphlet in a trans lation in English, it could be said that the averments with regard to the pamphlet were themselves a Part of the petition, and therefore the pam phlet was served upon the respondents although in a translation and not in original. [19 B-H] Even if this be not the case, it is quite clear that's. 83(2) has reference not to a document which is produced as evidence of the averments of the election petition but to averments of the election petition which are put, not in the election petition but in the accompanying schedules or annexures. Details of averments too compendious for being included in the election peti~ion may be set out in the schedules or annexures to the election petition. The law then requires that even though they are outside the election petition, they must be signed and verified. The annexures or schedules are then treated a'S integrated with the election petition and copies of them must be served on the Tespondents if the requirement re garding service of election petition is to be wholly complied with. But this does not apply to documents which are merely evidence in the case but for reasons of clarity and to lend force to the petition are not kept back but produced or filed with election petitions. They are in no s..,.. an integral part of the averments of the petition but are only evidence of those avebnents and in proof thereof. (19 H-20 DJ The pamphlet, therefore. must be treated as a document and not as a part of the election petition in so. far as averments are concerned. When the election petitioner said that it was to be treated as pan of her election petition she was merely indicating that it was not to be though that she had not produced the document in time. She was insisting upon the docu ment remaining with the petition so that it could be available whenever the question of the election petition or its contents arose. [20 D--EJ • CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1693 of H

#1967. 14 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1968] 3 s.c.R. Appeal under s. 116-A of the Representation of the People A Act, 19 51 from the judgment and order dated September 21, 1967 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in Election Petition No. 10 of 1967. G. N. Dikshit and R. N. Dikshit, for the appellant. C. B. Agarwala, Uma Mehta, S. K. Bagga and Shureshta B Bagga, for respondent No. 1. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Hidayatollah, J. This is an appeal against the judgment of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh at Jabalpur, dated September 21, 1967, dismissing the election petition filed by the appellant on the preliminary ground that a proper copy of the election petition was not served upon the answering parties. The facts of the case are as follows : c D The appellant was a candidate for election to the Sagar Lok Sabha Scheduled Castes cons!ituency No. 24. The election took place on February 20, 1967. There .were three other contesting candidates of whom the first respondent secured the largest num· ber of votes and was declared elected. The appellant secured the second largest number of votes, her votes being less by just under 300 th.an the successful candidate's votes. An election petition was thereafter filed by the appellant on April 5, 1967. ·In this election petition the appellant challenged the election of the first E respondent on four grounds. They were (a) wrongful accepiance of his nomination paper, (b) corrupt practice inasmuch as 'be appealed to religion through a pamphlet marked Annexure 'A', (c) undue influence, and (d) breaches of the Act and Rules. The pamphlet to which reference is made was styled Bhayarikar Vajraghat and was published by Sarvadaliya Goraksha Mababbi- yan Samiti, Deori Kalan Branch. It charged the party of the appel- lant namely the Congress with encouraging cow-slaughter and offending the Hindu Sentiment. Details were: given in it of the number of animals slaughtered every day in Madhya Pradesh and elsewhere and blamed the Congress with being a party to the practice. English of the Hindi pamphlet was incorporated. The original pamphlet was attached to the election petition and was marked Annexure 'A'. The election petitioner proceeded to say in her petition "it forms part of the petition". In the body of the election petition a translation G When parties appeared the first respondent filed his written statement in great detail. He dealt with this pamphlet and answer ed the allegations of the election petitioner in relation thereto paragraph by paragraph. As a result of thes~ pleas a nun:ber <;>f issues were raised on July 18, 1967. No issue was raised m H A B c D E F G R SAHODRABAI v. RAM SINGH (Hidayatu/lah, !.) 15 regard to the service of a defective copy of the election petition upon the respondents in general and the first respondent in parti cular. However, on August 3, 1967, a special objection was made by the first respondent claiming that the copy of the pam phlet had not been annexed to the copy of the election petition served upon him and therefore the election petition was liable to be dismissed in accordance with the provisions of s. 8 6 of the Representation of the People Act. A ~etailed reply to this objec tion was given by the election petitioner. She stated that this was an after-thought inasmuch as the translation of the pamphlet was incorporated in the election petition and the allegations regarding the pamphlet had been answered in detail by the answering res pondent. The Court thereupon framed an additional issue on August 4, 1967. The issue ran as follows: "Whether the election petition is liable to be dis missed for contravention of S. 81 (3) of the Representa tion of the People Act, 1951 as copy of Annexure A the petition to the pe'.ition was not given along with for being served on the respondents". the . depanents Parties first filed a number of affidavits pro and con. Later for cross the Court ordered . attendance of In this way the appellant and her counsel who had examination. filed affidavits earlier were examined. Their case was that the copies of the election petition had been properly put together including in each copy an original pamphlet for service on· the respondents. On the other side the first others filed affidavits s'.ating that when the copy of the election petition was received it was not accompanied by the pamphlet. hi their. examination in Court all maintained the same position and were cross-examined. The learned Judge trying the case also ordered the attendance of the Reader of the Deputy Registrar of the High Court who bad dealt with the election petition and he was examined as Court witness No. 1. He stated that the copies of the petition were complete except that the pamphlet was not annexed to each copy. He s'.ated that he had noted at the time this fact but had treated the pamphlet as a document and not as an Annexure to the election petition. respondent and The learned Judge, on an appraisal of this material held that the copies of the election petition served upon the respondents were not accompanied by the pamphlet which was an Annexure to the elec'.ion petition. After examining the law on the subject the learned Judge came to the conclusion that the election peti tion should be dismissed under s. 86 of the Representation of the People Act and he accordingly dismissed it with costs. No other 16 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1968] 3 s.c.R. issue which was struck between the parties was gone into because the election petition failed at the very threshold. In this appeal it is contended that the learned Judge was error in thinking that the pamphlet ought to have accompanied the copies of the election petition or that the law required that should have been annexed to the copy. of the election petition In this connection our attention was served on the respondents. drawn to the provisions of the Repn; sentation of the People Act to which we shall refer presently. On the oth()r side it was con tended that whatever the meaning of the expressions "the election petition", "annexures" or "schedules" in the Act, the election petitioner by her own conduct had made this docu, ment a part of the election petition and therefore it was incumbent upon her to have served the whole of the election petilion and not only a part of it as she did and therefore the order now appealed against was correct. Before we come to these rival con!entions we find necessary to refer first to the relevant provisions on the subject A B c Section 81 of the Representation of the People Act occurs in Chapter II which is headed "Presentation of Election Petitions to Election Commission". It provides as follows: D "Presentation of Petitions : ( 1) An election petition calling in question any elec tion may be presented on one or more of the grounds specified in sub-section ( 1) of section 100 and section 101 to the High Court by any candidate at such election or any elector with in forty-five days from, but not earlier than, the date of election of the returned candidate, or if there are more than one returned candi date at the election and the dates of election are different, the later of those dates. Explanation :-In this sub-section, 'elector' means a person who was entitled to vote at the election to which the election petition relates, whether he has voted at such election or not. (3) Every elec!ion petition shall be accompanied by as many copies thereto as there· are respondents mentioned in the pe!ition and every such copy shall be attesff'..d by the petitioner under his own signature to be a true copy of the petition." E F G H SAHODRABAI v~ RAM SINGH (Hidayatullah, 1.) 1 7 A The first respondent draws pointed attention to the third sub- section which says that every election petition shall be accom panied by as many copies thereof as there are respondents men tioned in the petition and every such copy shall be attested by the petitioner under his own signature to be a true copy of the petition. The dispute therefore is whether the pamphlet could be the election petition. The answering respondent says that it is so and was considered to be so by the election pe!itioner herself when she stated that it was to be read as a part of the election petition. B described in this case as a part of C D I E F G U The matter, in our opinion, is not to be resolved on how the election petitioner viewed the matter but from the point of view of the requirement of the law on the subject. For this purpose we have to turn to s. 83 of the Representation of the People Act which provides what the contents of the election petition shall be. It reads as follows : - ( 1) An election petition- (a) shall contain a concise statement of the material facts on which 1the petitioner relies; (b) shall set forth full particulars of any corrupt · prao'.ice that the petitioner alleges, including as full a sta•ement as possible of the names of the parties alleged to have committed such corrupt practice and the date and place of the commis- sion of each such practice; and ( c) shall be signed by the petitioner and verified in the manner laid down in the Code of Civil Pro cedure, 1908 ( 5 of 1908), for the verification of pleadings. Provided that where the petitioner alieges any corrupt practice, the petition shall also be accompanied by an affidavit in the prescribed form in support of the allegation of such corrupt practice and the ,Particulars thereof. (2) Any schedule or annexure to the petition shall also be signed by the petitioner and verified in the same manner as the petition. The answering respondent herein again draws pointed atte'!tjon to the fact that the schedules and the annexures to the petition are mentioned and •hey have to be signed and verified in ~e Sllll1;e manner as the petition meaning thereby that as ~e elec~~n peti tioner ·had made the pamphlet a part of the election petition she was required to sign and verify the pamphlet and also to serve a 18 SUPREME COUllT REPORTS [1968] 3 S.c.it. co~y. of it as required by sub-s. (3) of s. 81 when the election A petition was served. He then relies· upon s. 86 which provides that the High Court shall dismiss an election petition which does not comply with the provisions of s. 81, s. 82 ors. 117. An argument was raised in this case as to whether s. 86(1) is mandatory or merely directory. We need not go into this aspect 8 In our opinion, the present matter can be resolved of the case. on an examination of the relevant facts and the contents of tbe It may election petition as detailed in s. 83 reproduced above. be pointed out here that the trial of election petition has to follow as far as may be the provisions of· the Code of Civil Procedure. We are therefore of opinion that it is permissible to look into tbe Code of Civil Procedure to see what exactly would have been tbe case if this was a suit and not a trial of an election petition. c Under the Code of Civil Procedure a suit is commenced by a plaint. This is provided by O.IV, r. 1 which says tliat every suit shall be instituted by presenting a plaint to tlie Court. After the plaint is receivded o . V provides the summoning of the defendants D. of that order says that every summons shall 2 in the case an r. be accompanied by a copy of the plaint, and if so permitted, by a concise statement. We then turn to -the provisions of O.Vll ·The first ruie mentioos which deals with the cQntents of a plaint. the. particulars which must be in a plaint. It is not necessary to refer to them. The plaint has to be signed and verified. Rule 9 E then provides that the plaintiff shall endorse on the plaint and annex thereto a list of documents, if any, which he has produced along with it and, if the plaint is admitted, shall present as many copies on plain paper of the plaint as there are defendants unless the Court by reason of the length of the plaint or the number of defendants, or for any other sufficient reason, permits him present a. like number of concise statements of the nature of the F It will be noticed here that what is required claims· made .etc. to be provided are copies of the plaint itself or the concise state ment according to the number of defendants. There is no men- tion here of any other documents of which a copy is needed to be presented to the Court for service to the defendants. Then we come tor. 14 which states that where a plaintiff sues upon a docn- G ment in his possession or power he shall produce it in court when the plaint is presented and shall at the same time deliver document or a copy thereof to be filed with the plaint. It will be noticed that he is required to file only one copy of the docu ment and not as many copies as there are defendants in the case. It would therefore follow that a copy of the document is no! ex- H peeled to be delivered. with the copy of the plaint to the answer- ing defendants when summons is served on them. In the. schedules to the Code of Civil Procedure we have got Appendix B which SAHODRABAI v. RAM SINGH (Hidayatul/ah, J.) J 9· A prescribes the forms for summons to the defendants. There. is. only one form of summons in Appendix B, (Form No. 4) in which. the copy of the negotiable jnstrument is to accompany the copy of. the plaint. That is so, b&:ause of the special Jaw applying negotiable instruments and the time limit within which pleas to that document have to be raised and this is only in summary suits. B No other form makes any mention of any document accompany ing the summons with the copy of . the plaint. We need not go It is clear that the documents which are filed into more details. with the piaint have to be accompanied by one copy of thi>Se documents. This is because the copy is compared with the original and the copy is endorsed by the clerk of court and the document is sometimes returned to the party to be produced into Court later. The copy takes the place of the document concerned and is not to be· sent out to the parties with the plaint. c F We may now see whether the election Jaw provides anything different. The only provision to which our attention has been drawn is sub-s. (3) of s. 81 and sub-s. (2) of s. 83. The first D provides that every election petition shall be accompanied by as the· many copies thereof as there are respondents mentioned petition and that every such copy shall be an authenticated true copy. The words used here are only "the election petition". There is no mention of any document accompanying the election petition. H,the matter stood with only this sub-section there would E be no doubt that what was intended to be served is only a copy of the election petition proper. Assistance is however taken from the provisions of sub-s. (2) of s. 83 which provides that iny schedule or any annexure to the petition shall ·also be signed' by the petitioner and verified in the same manner as the petition. It is contended that since the pamphlet was an annexure to the petition it was not only necessary to sign and verify it, but that it 'shciuld have been treated as a part of the election petition itself and a In this way, non-compliance copy served upon the respondents. with the provisions of s. 86 ( 1) is made out. In our opinion, this is too strict a reading of the provisions. We have already pointed out that s. 81 (3) speaks only of the election petition. Pausing here, we would say . that since the eleetion petition itself repro duced the whole of the pamphlet in a translation in English; it could be said that the avermen!s with regard to the pamphlet were themselves a part of the petition and therefore the pamphlet was served upon the respondents although in a translation and not in original. Even if this be not the case, we are quite clear that sub- s. (2) of s. 83 has reference not to a document which is produced as evidence of the averments of the election petition but to aver ments of the election petition which are put, not in the electic:>n petition but in he accompanying schedules or annexures. We can G H 20 SU~REME COURT REPORTS (1968] 3 S.C.R. give quite a number of exampleS from which it would be apparent A that many of the averments of the election petition are capable of being put as schedules or annexures: For example, de.tails of the corrupt practice there in the former days used to be set out separately in the schedules and which may, in some .cases, be so done even after the amendment of the present law. Similarly, details of the averments too compendious for being B included in the election petition may be set out in the schedules or annexures to the election petition. The law then requires that even though they are outside the election petition, they must be signed and verified, but such annexures or schedules are then treated as integrated with the election petition and copies of them must be served on the respondent if the requirement regarding C service of the election petition is to be wholly complied with. But what we have said here does not apply to documents which are merely evidence in the case but which for reasons of clarity ·and to lend force to the petition are not kept back but produced ·or filed with the election petitions. They are in no sense an integral part of the averments of the petition but are only D evidence of those averments and in proof thereof. The pamph- let therefore must be treated as a document and not as a part of the election petition in so far as averments are concerned. When the election petitioner said that it was to be treated as part of her election petition she was merely indicating that it was not to be thought that she had not produced the document in time. She was insisting upon the document remaining with the petition E so that it could be available whenever the question of the election It would be stretching the words petition or its contents arose. of·sub-s. (2) of s. 83 too far to think that every document pro duced as evidence in the election petition becomes a part of the In this particular case we do not think ·election petition proper. that the pamphlet could be so treated. We are, therefore, of F the opinion that whether or not s. 86(1) is mandatory or direc tory there was no breach of the provisions of the Representation of the People Act in regard to the filing of the election or the service of the copies thereof and the order under appeal was therefore erroneous. We accordingly set aside the order and remand the case for G trial from this stage. The costs of the appellant will be costs in the cause. The respondent will bear his own costs. Y. P. Appeal allowed and case remanded.