Prabhu Chawla v. State of U.P. and another
Case Details
Acts & Sections
Judgment
1. Heard Shri Nadeem Murtaza, learned counsel for the applicants, learned A.G.A. for the State and perused the record. 2 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007
2. However, no one has appeared on behalf of opposite party no.2.
3. The present 482 Cr.P.C. application along with connected 482 Cr.P.C. No.2693 of 2007 have been filed with a prayer to quash the summoning order dated 07.05.2007 whereby the applicants have been summoned under Sections 153/153A IPC as well as the entire criminal proceedings pending in the court of Special Judicial Magistrate, (CBI), Lucknow vide RBT No.C-186 of 2006 bearing Complaint Case No.626 of 2004, (Ehtisham Mirza vs. Arun Purie and others), Police Station Chowk, District Lucknow.
4. Since both the above petitions involve common questions of fact and law therefore, the same are being decided together.
5. It has been submitted that the applicant in Application No.2694 of 2007 is an Editor of Magazine, "India Today” whereas the applicant in Application No.2693 of 2007 is Editor- in-Chief of Magazine “India Today.”
6. The complaint was filed by the opposite party no.2 before the Special Judicial, Magistrate CBI, Lucknow against the applicants and others under Sections 500/153/153A IPC. The Magistrate after recording the statements under Sections 200 and 202 Cr.P.C. of the complainant and witnesses issued summons by taking cognizance vide impugned order and directed the applicants to appear before the court.
7. It has been submitted that on 13.10.2023, Hindi and English Edition of the Weekly Magazine of 'India Today' published an article titled "Girls for Sale and "Ladkiyo Ki Mandi" 3 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 respectively wherein magazines highlighted the burning issue of child labour and child prostitution racketing in different parts of the country. It was also highlighted in the article that how poor people in economically backward areas of the country are being duped to send their young girls for marriage or employment purposes to foreign countries. The whole intent and purpose of the article was to bring to the notice of the public at large and authorities.
8. It has been submitted that a bare perusal of the impugned article and summons show that no offence under Sections 153/153A IPC is made out and the Magistrate has erred in law while issuing summons to the applicants. It has been submitted that it is settled legal proposition that the court has to read complaint as a whole and find out whether allegations made in the complaint constitute an offence punishable under Sections 153/153-A IPC. He has further submitted that merely inciting the feelings of one community or group cannot attract either of the Section 153/153A IPC. But in the present case, the subordinate Court has not applied its mind properly and issued summons in a mechanical manner without looking into the fact that there is no ingredient available on record which may indicate that the Magazine had incited the two communities or groups to come to clash together.
9. Learned counsel for the applicants has further invited attention of this Court towards the Page No.26 of the application, contained as Annexure No.2 and has submitted that the source of information has been mentioned pertaining to Dr. Sunita Krishnan, Secretary, (Prajjawala’) Manav Taskari Virodhi Sangathan, which is an Organisation based at Hyderabad wherein 4 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 she has mentioned that the poor parents are duped and their minor daughters are being sold to fulfill sexual desires of the Haj Pilgrims and the girls are used as sex slaves which creates unrest in Bediya Community. It has also been submitted that unrest prevailing in Bediya community does not mean that there is an incitement or clash between the two communities. The relevant portion of the article published in Magazine ‘India Today’ (Annexure 2) is quoted hereinbelow : "लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी मंडी मुंबई लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)े अवैध व्यापार (cid:4)े सबसे बड़े (cid:4)ें्ቖ (cid:4)े रूप में उभरी है, लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी खरीद - फरोख्त (cid:4)े संगकि’त धंधे (cid:4)े इस (cid:4)ें्ቖ में किवभिभ्ቐ राज्यों (cid:4)ी लड़कि(cid:4)यां खरीदी बेची जाती हैं. यहीं से उन्हें पቐኌ2म एभि4या (cid:4)े दे4ों और ्ቛांस समेत यूरोप (cid:4)े (cid:4)ई दे4ों (cid:4)ो भेजा जाता है, इस (cid:4)ाले धंधे (cid:4)े खिखलाफ छापों में हर साल सबसे ज्यादा नाबाखिलग लड़कि(cid:4)यां यहीं से बरामद होती है। उस लड़(cid:4)ी (cid:4)े चेहरे पर सिसफ= ए(cid:4) ही भाव किदखाई देता है-आतं(cid:4), पंजाब (cid:4)े च(cid:4)ली4र गांव (cid:4)ी ए(cid:4) तंग (cid:4)ुकि?या में दागदार फ4= पर बै’ी 14 वቧኍAया दीपा लगातार सुब(cid:4) रही है, बेतरतीब किबखरे बाल और गंदे नाखून उस(cid:4)ी दयनीय द4ा द4ቐኌत हैं, वह बांग्ला में (cid:4)हती है, "मैं घर जाना चाहती हूं, वह मुझे मारेगा।" फ4= पर, गंदे बदबूदार (cid:4)पड़ों (cid:4)े ढेर से लदी अलगनी (cid:4)े नीचे दो और लड़कि(cid:4)यां ए(cid:4) दूसरे से स?(cid:4)र बै’ी हैं, ए(cid:4) देवी (cid:4)ी फ?ी तस्वीर (cid:4)ो किनहार रही है और दूसरी अपने पतले (cid:4)ंधे (cid:4)ो बार-बार दुप्ሾे से ढ(cid:4)ने (cid:4)ा ्ቚयास (cid:4)र रही है, ऊपर ल?(cid:4)े बल्ब (cid:4)ी मቐኌKम रो4नी में तीनों ए(cid:4)-दूसरे (cid:4)ी ्ቚቐኌतरूप लगती हैं, मुቦኌ4दाबाद में ए(cid:4) ?्र(cid:4) चाल(cid:4) ने हरे(cid:4) लड़(cid:4)ी (cid:4)े माता-किपता (cid:4)ो 3,000 रु. किदए और उन्हें पंजाब ले आया, रास्ते में सड़(cid:4) (cid:4)े कि(cid:4)नारे ए(cid:4) 4ौचालय में दीपा (cid:4)े साथ बलात्(cid:4)ार भी कि(cid:4)या गया। घर (cid:4)े आंगन में बूढ़ी मकिहला, सिजस(cid:4)ी चमड़ी पर झुበኌरयां पड़ गई हैं और (cid:4)मर मुड़ गई है, चारपाई पर बै’ी है। वह (cid:4)हती है, "बचा लो उन(cid:4)ो।" तभी ए(cid:4) मुच्छड़ व्यकिU आ जाता है और उसे डां?ता है, "तुम इससे दूर ही रहो, बेबे (मां)।" और किफर हमसे (cid:4)हता है "बाहर किन(cid:4)ल जाओ, (cid:4)ौन हो तुम लोग ?" किम्ሾी (cid:4)ी दीवारों (cid:4)े बाहर पांच पुरुቧኍों और ए(cid:4) मकिहला से हमारा सामना होता है। वे लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो देखने पहुंचे हैं। जल्दी ही सौदेबाजी 4ुरू हो जाएगी। धोखेबाजी, सौदेबाजी, मारपी?, गाली-गलौज, बलात्(cid:4)ार और सिजस्मफरो4ी मानव तस्(cid:4)री लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)े व्यापार (cid:4)ी संवैधाकिन(cid:4) व्याख्या भर है। जो दቐኌWण एभि4या में ए(cid:4) अरब डॉलर (cid:4)ा (cid:4)ारोबार बन गया है संयुU रा्ቖ्र संघ और रा्ቖ्रीय मानवाቐኌध(cid:4)ार आयोग (एनएचआरसी) इसे आतं(cid:4)वाद और माद(cid:4) पदाथ[ (cid:4)े बाद दुकिनया (cid:4)ा तीसरा सबसे अቐኌध(cid:4) (cid:4)माऊ अपराध मानते हैं। भारत दुकिनया (cid:4)े मानव तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)े नक्4े में न (cid:4)ेवल सबसे बड़े (cid:4)ें्ቖ (cid:4)े रूप में उभरा है, बቇኌल्(cid:4) एभि4या में ऐसे दे4 (cid:4)े रूप में उभरा है जहां 5 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 अपने ही दे4 (cid:4)े भीतर लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो सबसे अቐኌध(cid:4) खरीद-फरोख्त होती है। औरतें सकिदयों से किब(cid:4)ती रही हैं, पर अब (cid:4)मसिसन लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी मांग बेहद बढ़ी है। गरीब माता-किपता उनसे (cid:4)म उ् में ही किनजात पाना चाहते हैं लड़कि(cid:4)यां इतनी मासूम होती हैं कि(cid:4) झू’े वादों से बहलाना-फुसलाना आसान होता है। यही नहीं, इन किमथ(cid:4)ों ने कि(cid:4) (cid:4)ुंआरी लड़कि(cid:4)यों पुरुቧኍों (cid:4)ो गु् रोगों से मुकिU किदलाती है और यह कि(cid:4) (cid:4)मसिसन लड़कि(cid:4)यां एचआइवी किवቧኍाणु (cid:4)ी वाह(cid:4) नहीं हो स(cid:4)ती, सेक्स बाजार में उन(cid:4)ी किब्ቅी (cid:4)ो (cid:4)ई गुना बढ़ा किदया है। किद्ቤी 4ालू 13 साल (cid:4)ी उ् में किद्ቤी (cid:4)े जीबी रोड पर आई थी क्योंकि(cid:4) आ’ बहन-भाइयों, ल(cid:4)वा्ቇस्त बाप और लाचार मां (cid:4)ो पालने (cid:4)ा यही जरिरया था। अब उस पर आभिeतो (cid:4)ी संख्या बढ़ गई है। 15 साल (cid:4)ी उ् में उस(cid:4)ा पहला ब्ሴा हुआ, किफर गभ=वती है। बेचते हैं वेश्यावृखिi (cid:4)े खिलए हर साल लाखों लड़कि(cid:4)यां मो?ी (cid:4)ीमत (cid:4)े एवज में दलालो, बाइयों (cid:4)े हाथों बेची जा(cid:4)र वेश्यावृखिi (cid:4)े धंधे में ध(cid:4)ेल दी जाती है। मजदूरी (cid:4)े खिलए (cid:4)ई एजेंसिसयां लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो खरीद(cid:4)र उन्हें 100 रु. माह (cid:4)ी मामूली र(cid:4)म पर घरेलू (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)े खिलए या छो?े उ्ቕोगों (cid:4)ो देती है। अवैध 4ादी (cid:4)े खिलए पंजाब में ज्यादातर ऐसे कि(cid:4)सान खरीदते हैं जो 4ादी (cid:4)ी हैसिसयत नहीं रखते, (cid:4)ई अकिनवासी भारतीय भी इस(cid:4)े खिलए खरीदते हैं। भिभWावृखिi (cid:4)े खिलए गरीब घरों (cid:4)ी लड़कि(cid:4)यां खरीद(cid:4)र और (cid:4)भी अपहरण (cid:4)र(cid:4)े उनसे भारत या मध्य-पूव= में हज (cid:4)े दौरान भिभWावृखिi (cid:4)रवाई जाती है। न4े (cid:4)े धंधे (cid:4)े खिलए राजमागl, रेलवे स्?े4नों, अन्य साव=जकिन(cid:4) स्थानों पर न4ीली दवाएं बेचने (cid:4)े खिलए मासूम लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ा इस्तेमाल कि(cid:4)या जाता है । (cid:4)मसिसन सिजस्मों (cid:4)ा (cid:4)ारोबार ना?ी, सांवली और ኌ᭜्ቚ?ेड सलवार (cid:4)मीज पहने मंजीत (cid:4)ौर, साधारण मकिहला किदखती है, पंजाब (cid:4)े छो?े-से गांव मंघाकिनया (cid:4)ो यह मकिहला बंगाली लहजे में ኌ᭜हदी, पंजाबी बोलती है। सिसर से पांव त(cid:4) मुझे घूरते हुए बोली, "मैं किनप? अनपढ़ है, पर दुकिनयादारी (cid:4)ी समझ है मुझमें" मानसा सिजले में लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी (cid:4)ुख्यात मंडी चलाने पर पुखिलस ने उससे पूछताछ (cid:4)ी, पर यह बेकिफ(cid:4) है । चंडीगढ़ (cid:4)ी ए(cid:4) ब्यू?ी पॉल=र (cid:4)ो माखिल(cid:4) (cid:4)े रूप में परिरचय देते हुए मैंने उससे (cid:4)हा कि(cid:4) मैं लड़कि(cid:4)यां खरीद(cid:4)र उन्हें मसाज (cid:4)रने (cid:4)ा ्ቚभि4Wण देना चाहती हूं। उसने तुरंत खा? किबछाई और स्?ील (cid:4)े किगलास में पानी किदया, मुस्(cid:4)ुराते हुए पूछा "(cid:4)ैसी लड़कि(cid:4)यां चाकिहए? स्थानीय चलेंगी या बंगाली ही?" उस(cid:4)ा (cid:4)हना है कि(cid:4) उस(cid:4)े घर पुखिलस (cid:4)ा छापा उसे बदनाम (cid:4)रने 6 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 और उस(cid:4)े छो?े से खेत पर (cid:4)ब्जा (cid:4)रने (cid:4)े खिलए उस(cid:4)े स्थानीय दुश्मनों (cid:4)ी (cid:4)रतूत थी। मंजीत कि(cid:4)सी ’े’ पंजाबी मकिहला (cid:4)ी तरह नहीं किदखती है और है भी नहीं। वह बंगाल (cid:4)े ए(cid:4) छो?े-से गांव (cid:4)ी है और 18 साल पूव= उसे खुद ए(cid:4) पंजाबी कि(cid:4)सान (cid:4)े हाथ बेच किदया गया था, सिजसने नाम (cid:4)े साथ-साथ उस(cid:4)ी अंतरात्मा भी बदल दी। उसे समझते देर नहीं लगी कि(cid:4) वह पቐኌ2म बंगाल (cid:4)े गरीब परिरवारों से फुसला(cid:4)र लाई गई लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो पंजाब (cid:4)े ऐसे कि(cid:4)सानों (cid:4)ो बेच(cid:4)र चांदी (cid:4)ा? स(cid:4)ती है, जो 4ादी नहीं (cid:4)र स(cid:4)ते या जो (cid:4)ई (cid:4)ारणों से वैध 4ादी नहीं (cid:4)रना चाहते। द4(cid:4)ों पहले 4ुरू हुआ मंजीत (cid:4)ा यह (cid:4)ारोबार किपछले साल भर में ए(cid:4) मंडी बन गया है पቐኌत (cid:4)ी मौत (cid:4)े बाद मंजीत किनयकिमत तौर पर पቐኌ2म बंगाल से लड़कि(cid:4)यां ला(cid:4)र उन्हें यहां बेच देती। मानसा सिजले में हर तरफ ऐसी खरीदी और बेची गई लड़कि(cid:4)यां पाई जा स(cid:4)ती हैं। पया=् संख्या में खरीदार हो जाते तो मंजीत 8-10 लड़कि(cid:4)यां ले आ(cid:4)र उन्हें तय जगह पर ्ቚदቦኌ4त (cid:4)रती, ऊंचे (cid:4)द (cid:4)ी, गोरी लड़कि(cid:4)यां 15,000 रु. से ऊपर में किब(cid:4)ती तो खूबसूरत लड़ कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ा दाम 25,000 रु. त(cid:4) किमलता। ना?ी, सावली लड़कि(cid:4)यां 10,000 रु. और उससे (cid:4)म में जबकि(cid:4) मो?ी और ज्यादा उ् (cid:4)ी लड़कि(cid:4)यां (cid:4)म दाम में किब(cid:4)ती हैं, उ् सिजतनी (cid:4)म हो, दाम उतना ज्यादा किमलता। मंजीत नहीं मानती कि(cid:4) वह लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी खरीद-फरोख्त (cid:4)रती है। अपनी समाज सेवा (cid:4)ो वह यह (cid:4)ह(cid:4)र जायज ’हराती है कि(cid:4) गरीब मां-बाप खुद अपनी लड़ कि(cid:4)यां उसे सौंपते हैं तो वह उन्हें कि’(cid:4)ाने क्यों न लगाए, इस वቧኍ= अ्ቚैल में मंजीत (cid:4)ौर (cid:4)ी मंडी में ए(cid:4) अनू’ा ्ቇाह(cid:4) आया। स्थानीय अखबार जागरण (cid:4)े संवाददाता बलदेव 4मा= ने ए(cid:4) न(cid:4)ली ्ቇाह(cid:4) (cid:4)ो साथ खिलया और उस(cid:4)ा भाई बन(cid:4)र मंजीत (cid:4)े घर जा पहुंचे। उन्होंने ए(cid:4) लड़(cid:4)ी से 4ादी (cid:4)रने (cid:4)े नाम पर उसे 22,000 रु. में खरीदा और घर जाने (cid:4)ी बजाए पुखिलस थाने पहुंचे। अगले किदन खबर छपी तो मानसा पुखिलस ने मंजीत (cid:4)े घर छापा मारा। वहां से पता चला कि(cid:4) मंजीत दरसल पቐኌ2म बंगाल (cid:4)े बाइकिहमीर गांव (cid:4)े किनवासी राजू दलाल (cid:4)ी सहयोगी है, जो अभी फरार है। वैसे, मानसा (cid:4)े उपायुU राज(cid:4)मल चौधरी (cid:4)हते हैं, "मेरा मानना है कि(cid:4) ऐसी 4ाकिदयां नहीं हुई।" मगर बुढलाडा (cid:4)े डीएसपी सुखपाल िሺसह बरार ने स्वी(cid:4)ार कि(cid:4)या कि(cid:4) मंजीत (cid:4)े घर पर छापा मारा गया था और उन्हें ्ቚमुख अभिभयुU राजू दलाल (cid:4)ी तला4 है। किफर भी, पता नहीं मंजीत अभी त(cid:4) किगरफ्तार क्यों नहीं (cid:4)ी गई। और वह अभी भी मुस्(cid:4)ुरा रही है। नये सौदे (cid:4)ो उम्मीद में उस(cid:4)ी आंखों में चम(cid:4) है। वह भरोसा देती है, "लड़कि(cid:4)यां किमलते ही मैं फोन (cid:4)रूंगी." और खु4ी-खु4ी मेरा फोन नंबर ले(cid:4)र (cid:4)हती है, "जल्दी लौ?ना" दे4 भर में कि(cid:4)ए गए नए अध्ययनों (cid:4)े मुताकिब(cid:4), यह बीमारी (cid:4)म उ् (cid:4)ी लड़ कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो अपना भि4(cid:4)ार बना रही है। उनमें से (cid:4)ई लड़कि(cid:4)यां एचआईवी पॉसिजकि?व हैं, और (cid:4)ई तो एड् स से पीकिड़त हैं। हैदराबाद में जुड़े 4ेखों से होने वाली 4ाकिदयां जारी है, लेकि(cid:4)न अब 4ेख नजर नहीं आते हैदराबाद ቇኌस्थत मानव तस्(cid:4)री किवरोधी संग’न ्ቚज्वला (cid:4)ी महसቐኌचव डॉ 7 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 सुनीता (cid:4)ृष्णन (cid:4)ा (cid:4)हना है कि(cid:4), "वे पो4ीदा मानव तस्(cid:4)र हैं जो गरीब माता-किपता (cid:4)ो यह (cid:4)ह(cid:4)र ’गते हैं कि(cid:4) उन(cid:4)ी बेकि?यां पቐኌ2म एभि4या में हैं जबकि(cid:4) ह(cid:4)ी(cid:4)त यह है कि(cid:4) उन्हें सिजस्मफरो4ी (cid:4)े (cid:4)ाम में लगा किदया जाता" पቐኌ2म बंगाल (cid:4)ा मुቦኌ4दाबाद सिजला, जो मानव तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)ा पया=य बन गया है, अब हज याकिuयों (cid:4)ी वासना 4ांत (cid:4)रने (cid:4)े खिलए (cid:4)मसिसन लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ा सबसे बड़ा किनया=त(cid:4) है। दूसरी ओर अपनी बेकि?यां वेश्यालयों (cid:4)ो बेचने (cid:4)े खिलए (cid:4)ुख्यात बेकिड़या समुदाय उन्हें किवदे4 (cid:4)े बड़े ्ቇाह(cid:4)ों (cid:4)ो बेच रहा है। आं(cid:4)ड़े चौं(cid:4)ाने वाले हैं (देखें बॉक्स) लेकि(cid:4)न अनुसंधान(cid:4)ता=ओं (cid:4)ा (cid:4)हना है कि(cid:4) आ(cid:4)ड़ों से पैदा होने वाली सनसनी (cid:4)ी बजाए सही आं(cid:4)ड़ा पाने (cid:4)े खिलए आ्ቚवासन, वेश्यावृखिi और मकिहलाओं तथा लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)े आ(cid:4)ड़ों (cid:4)ो अलग (cid:4)रना चाकिहए। लेकि(cid:4)न इस किवቧኍय पर (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)र रहे संग’न इस तथ्य से इन(cid:4)ार नहीं (cid:4)रते कि(cid:4) लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)े मामलों में इजाफा हो रहा है और 9-15 वቧኍ= (cid:4)ी आयु वाली लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी सवा=ቐኌध(cid:4) किब्ቅी हो रही है। जब अलग-अलग लड़ कि(cid:4)यां और मकिहलाएं अपनी दास्तान सुनाती हैं तो इस अपराध (cid:4)े किदल दहलाने वाले पहलू उभरने लगते हैं। पूवA उiर ्ቚदे4 में सोनौली सीमा (cid:4)े पार नेपाल (cid:4)े बेहेखिलया (cid:4)ी आ’ वቧኍAया उमा (cid:4)ो ए(cid:4) स(cid:4)=स से आजाद (cid:4)राया गया। (cid:4)ुपोቧኍण (cid:4)ी जद= पड़ चु(cid:4)ी उस मासूम (cid:4)ा (cid:4)हना है कि(cid:4) "पैसा फे(cid:4)ो, तमा4ा देखो" वाक्य उसे सोने नहीं देता। वह अपनी मां (cid:4)ी फ?ी-पुरानी साड़ी (cid:4)ा कि(cid:4)नारा प(cid:4)ड़(cid:4)र 4ून्य में किनहारने लगती है। उसे दूसरी लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)े साथ स(cid:4)=स से छुड़ा(cid:4)र घर पहुंचाने वाले 'ए(cid:4)ता (cid:4)ें्ቖ' (cid:4)ी नेपाली सामासिज(cid:4) (cid:4)ाय=(cid:4)ता= तृष्णा 4मा= (cid:4)ा (cid:4)हना है, "माता-किपता इस बात से अनभिभ्ሺ थे कि(cid:4) खतरना(cid:4) (cid:4)लाबासिजयों (cid:4)े अलावा उन(cid:4)ी बेकि?यों (cid:4)ा यौन 4ोቧኍण भी कि(cid:4)या जाता था और उन्हें ए(cid:4) 4ो (cid:4)े खिलए माu 5 रु. किदए जाते थे।" (cid:4)ोल(cid:4)ाता (cid:4)े सोनागाछी व मुंबई (cid:4)े (cid:4)मा’ीपुरा (cid:4)े वेश्यालयों (cid:4)ी ज्यादातर लड़कि(cid:4)यां नेपाली-बांग्लादे4ी हैं। भारत - नेपाल सीमा पर (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)रने वाले 'सेवा किबयॉन्ड बॉड=र' (cid:4)े (cid:4)ाय=(cid:4)ारी किनदे4(cid:4) ज?ा4ं(cid:4)र (cid:4)ा (cid:4)हना है, "सीमा (cid:4)े सभी रास्तों पर पुखिलस (cid:4)ा पहरा नहीं है सो, लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो पार (cid:4)राना आसान है" उतर ्ቚदे4 (cid:4)े महाराजगंज में ही ्ቚवे4 (cid:4)े छो?े-बड़े 104 (cid:4)ें्ቖ हैं। ये लड़कि(cid:4)यां अपने घरों में इतना वंቐኌचत जीवन जीती है कि(cid:4) लड़(cid:4)े उन्हें नौ(cid:4)री किदलाने और उनसे किववाह (cid:4)ा वादा (cid:4)र(cid:4)े उन(cid:4)े साथ सहवास (cid:4)रते हैं और उस(cid:4)े बाद उन्हें ब्लै(cid:4)मेल (cid:4)रते हैं। सिजस्मफरो4ी (cid:4)ा धंधा (cid:4)भी छो?े-मो?े दलालों या गांव (cid:4)ी 'दाइयों' (cid:4)ा Wेu हुआ (cid:4)रता था लेकि(cid:4)न इस (cid:4)ारोबार से इतना पैसा जुड़ा हुआ है कि(cid:4) संगकि’त अंतररा्ቖ्रीय किगरोह इसमें 4ाकिमल हो गए, (cid:4)ोल(cid:4)ाता में 10 साल से (cid:4)म उ् (cid:4)ी लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो वेश्यालयों (cid:4)े इद=किगद= (cid:4)े मयखानों और रेस्तरांओं में (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)रा(cid:4)र सिजस्मफरो4ी (cid:4)े खिलए तैयार कि(cid:4)या जाता है। एनएचआरसी (cid:4)े एक्4न रिरसच= ऑन ?्रैकिफኌ᭜(cid:4)ग इन किवमेन ऐंड ቐኌचल्ड्रेन (cid:4)े किद्ቤी ቇኌस्थत 4ीቧኍ= अቐኌध(cid:4)ारी, पुखिलस महाकिनरीW(cid:4) पी.एम. नायर सहमቐኌत जताते है, "अंतररा्ቖ्रीय किगरोहों वाले संगकि’त अपराध (cid:4)े रूप में मानव तस्(cid:4)री नई बात है" 4ी्ቈ ही जारी होने वाले इस अनुसंधान (cid:4)े तहत दे4 मैं 11 राज्यों में 4ोध कि(cid:4)या गया है। इसे यूनीफेम ने ्ቚायोसिजत कि(cid:4)या है। ये 8 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 दे4 में मानव तस्(cid:4)री पर अब त(cid:4) (cid:4)े सबसे किव्ቫसनीय आं(cid:4)ड़े हो स(cid:4)ते हैं। "मुझे डर लगता है, अब तो में मरना चाहती हूं" पूवA उiर ्ቚदे4 (cid:4)े देवरिरया से अपने 'यार' ्ቛारा 4ादी (cid:4)ा झांसा दे(cid:4)र लाई गई 14 वቧኍAया ्ቚेम4ीला पासवान से 4ेफाली वासुदेव (cid:4)ी बातचीत. (cid:4)ौन लड़(cid:4)ा तुम्हें गोरखपुर लाया ? उसे दो-तीन साल से जानती हूं. नाम नहीं, यही मालूम है कि(cid:4) वह (cid:4)साई है और मैं उसे प्यार (cid:4)रती हूं। बोला कि(cid:4) मुझे अपने चाचा (cid:4)े घर ले जा(cid:4)र 4ादी (cid:4)र लेगा। उस लड़(cid:4)े सलीम खान ने पुखिलस (cid:4)ो बताया कि(cid:4) तुम उस(cid:4)ा पीछा (cid:4)र रही थी और वेश्यावृखिi (cid:4)रती हो। झू’ बोलता है, किपछले दो साल से, जब मेरी उ् 12 साल थी, वह मेरे साथ 4ारीरिर(cid:4) संबंध बनाता रहा है। दूसरे मद[ (cid:4)ो भी मेरे पास भेजता रहा है, (cid:4)ल से, जब हमने गांव छोड़ा, उसने अपने दोस्त (cid:4)ी झोपड़ी में मेरे साथ 10 से ज्यादा बार बलात्(cid:4)ार कि(cid:4)या है। क्या तुम डरी हुई हो ? हां, मैं मरना चाहती हूं. तुम अपने मां-बाप (cid:4)े पास क्यों नहीं लौ? जाती ? मां-बाप मुझे नहीं चाहते. मैं 'गंदी' हो गई हूं और वे मुझे (cid:4)भी वापस नहीं लेंगे। मगर वह लड़(cid:4)ा तुम्हें कि(cid:4)सी दलाल (cid:4)े पास या (cid:4)ो’े में बेच देगा तो ? इस बारे में सोचूंगी। इस बाजार में कि(cid:4)सी तरह (cid:4)ा (cid:4)ोई सं(cid:4)ोच या किहच(cid:4) नहीं है। तस्(cid:4)र मानसिस(cid:4) रूप से किवቐኌW् और दृकि्ቖहीन लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ा भी (cid:4)ारोबार (cid:4)रते हैं, वे उन(cid:4)ी देखभाल (cid:4)रने (cid:4)े बहाने पहले उनसे दोस्ती गां’ते हैं और किफर ቐኌघनौने पे4े में बेच देते हैं। संगकि’त किगरोह गांवों से लड़कि(cid:4)यां खरीदने (cid:4)े खिलए स्थानीय छो?े-मो?े अपराቐኌधयों (cid:4)ो (cid:4)ाम पर लगाते हैं। यह लंबी और मजबूत eृंखला है। पूवA उiर ्ቚदे4 में देवरिरया सिजले (cid:4)ा 19 वቧኍAय सलीम खान इसी eृंखला (cid:4)ी ए(cid:4) (cid:4)ड़ी है। वह आ्ቅाम(cid:4) और सख्त लहजे में स्वी(cid:4)ार (cid:4)रता है कि(cid:4) वह (cid:4)मसिसन लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो लुभाने (cid:4)े खिलए न(cid:4)ली नो? किदखाता है और उन्हें पैसे देने और 4ादी (cid:4)रने (cid:4)े सब्जबाग किदखाता है। हाल ही में गोरखपुर में उसे 14 वቧኍAया ्ቚेम4ीला (cid:4)े साथ किगरफ्तार कि(cid:4)या गया है, सिजसे उसने अपने साथ भागने (cid:4)े खिलए मजबूर कि(cid:4)या। वह उसे किद्ቤी में बेचने वाला था। दो पतली चुकि?यों वाली सांवली, छरहरी ्ቚेम4ीला ने मद[ (cid:4)े अपने (cid:4)द से बड़े (cid:4)पड़े पहन रखे हैं। पहले वह (cid:4)हती है कि(cid:4) खान उस(cid:4)ा भावी पቐኌत है, लेकि(cid:4)न बाद में वह रोते हुए मानती है कि(cid:4) दो साल से वह व्यकिU उसे मारता पी?ता रहा है और उस(cid:4)े साथ बलात्(cid:4)ार (cid:4)रता रहा है। यही नहीं, यह पैसा (cid:4)माने (cid:4)े खिलए उसे दूसरे व्यकिUयों (cid:4)े साथ हमकिबस्तर होने (cid:4)े खिलए भी मजबूर (cid:4)रता रहा है। 5 से 15 साल (cid:4)ी 20 लाख लड़कि(cid:4)यां हर साल देह व्यापार में 4ाकिमल होती हैं और यह मानव तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)ा सबसे नुमाया पहलू है। लेकि(cid:4)न मानव तस्(cid:4)रों (cid:4)ो वेश्यावृखिi नहीं माना जा स(cid:4)ता, इसमें दूसरी तरह (cid:4)ी जबरन किब्ቅी भी है: घरेलू (cid:4)ाम(cid:4)ाज, औ्ቕोकिग(cid:4) और (cid:4)ृकिቧኍ (cid:4)ाय[, स(cid:4)=स (cid:4)े (cid:4)ारनामों, अंग व्यापार, फजA किववाह, भीख मांगने और गोद लेने (cid:4)े फजAवाड़े (cid:4)े खिलए। 9 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 भारतीय समाज (cid:4)ा ए(cid:4) वग= जहां अपने ब्ሴों (cid:4)ो वातानु(cid:4)ूखिलत प्लेस्(cid:4)ूलों और कि(cid:4)4ोरों (cid:4)ो मौज-मस्ती वाली पाኌ?यों में भेजता है, वहीं दूसरा वग=, अपनी लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो बेच देता है। बेकि?यों (cid:4)ो इतनी (cid:4)म अहकिमयत दी जाती है और भूख से उ’ने वाली पीड़ा इतनी अस्ቨ होती है कि(cid:4) (cid:4)ोई भी व्यकिU गांव जा(cid:4)र कि(cid:4)सी गरीब परिरवार (cid:4)ी भि4नाख्त (cid:4)र(cid:4)े आधे घं?े से भी (cid:4)म समय (cid:4)ी बातचीत में (cid:4)ुछे(cid:4) हजार रु. में ए(cid:4) लड़(cid:4)ी खरीद स(cid:4)ता है। लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो खरीदना वा(cid:4)ई इतना ही आसान है। उiर ्ቚदे4 (cid:4)े ए(cid:4) ्ቇामीण से जब यह पूछा गया कि(cid:4) उस(cid:4)े कि(cid:4)तने ब्ሴे हैं तो उस(cid:4)ा जवाब या, "तीन ब्ሴे, और पांच बेकि?यां।," पंजाब (cid:4)े दालेरिሺसहवाला गांव में इंቐኌडया ?ुडे ने (cid:4)ई ऐसे गरीब दखिलत परिरवारों से मुला(cid:4)ात (cid:4)ी सिजन्होंने अपनी बेकि?यां, सिजनमें से (cid:4)ुछ 8-10 साल (cid:4)ी हैं, स्थानीय जमींदारों (cid:4)ो बंधुआ मजदूर (cid:4)े रूप में बेच दी हैं। 14 वቧኍAया गुर्ቚीत (cid:4)ौर, सिजस(cid:4)ो आंखें पीली हो गई हैं और पैर सूजे हुए हैं, (cid:4)ो 6,000 रु में बेचा गया। सिसर पर दुप्ሾा डाले गुर्ቚीत पौ फ?ते ही (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)रने लग जाती है और उसे पहली बार किदन में दो बजे खाना किदया जाता है। यह तब त(cid:4) इसी तरह मुसीबत झेलती रहेगी जब त(cid:4) उस(cid:4)े मां-बाप जमींदार (cid:4)ो पूरी र(cid:4)म न चु(cid:4)ादें या किफर कि(cid:4)सी किदन वह इसी तरह (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)रते हुए खेत में ही किगर(cid:4)र दम न तोड़ दे। पቐኌ2म बंगाल (cid:4)े दቐኌWण 24 परगना सिजले (cid:4)ी 4ालू 13 साल (cid:4)ी उ्ቇ में ही किद्ቤी (cid:4)ी बदनाम जीबी रोड पर (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)रने आ गई। वह (cid:4)हती है, दलाल हमारे गांवों से लड़कि(cid:4)यां लाते हैं क्योंकि(cid:4) उन्हें मालूम है कि(cid:4) हम खाना, (cid:4)पड़े, साफ-सफाई और पेयजल (cid:4)े खिलए (cid:4)ुछ भी (cid:4)र स(cid:4)ते हैं। 4ालू (cid:4)े आ’ भाई-बहन, ल(cid:4)वा्ቇस्त किपता और असहाय मां (cid:4)ो रोज-रोज खाना तभी नसीब हुआ जब उसने वेश्या (cid:4)े रूप में (cid:4)ाम 4ुरू कि(cid:4)या। अब खाने वाले लोगों (cid:4)ी तादाद और बढ़ गई है। 15 साल (cid:4)ी उ् में ही उसने पहले ब्ሴे (cid:4)ो जन्म किदया था और अब किफर गभ=वती हो गई है। ए(cid:4) ओर गांव खरीदारी (cid:4)े (cid:4)ें्ቖ है, उसी तरह मुंबई, किद्ቤी और (cid:4)ोल(cid:4)ाता इस (cid:4)ारोबार (cid:4)े सबसे बड़े अ्ቂे हैं. आयात किनया= (cid:4)ा (cid:4)ें्ቖ मुंबई इस अपराध (cid:4)ी किनኌववाद राजधानी है। इस धंधे से मुU (cid:4)राई गई लड़कि(cid:4)यों ने रांची, नेपाल और मुቦኌ4दाबाद में बातचीत में बार-बार मुंबई (cid:4)ा सिज्ቅ कि(cid:4)या। गोवा (cid:4)े वास्(cid:4)ो दा गामा में बैना जैसे पय=?(cid:4) स्थल भी मानव तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)े (cid:4)ें्ቖ (cid:4)े रूप में उभर रहे हैं। पंजाब और हरिरयाणा अब तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)े नक्से में ऐसे राज्य (cid:4)े रूप में देखे जाते हैं जहां लड़कि(cid:4)यां बेची जा स(cid:4)ती हैं। पंजाब में नौ(cid:4)रानी और (cid:4)ृकिቧኍ मजदूर या "पत्नी" बनने (cid:4)े खिलए, और हरिरयाणा में वेश्यावृखिi या अंग व्यापार (cid:4)े खिलए। लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)े गांवों से 4हर (cid:4)े सफर (cid:4)े साथ ही उसमें नए-नए कि(cid:4)रदार 4ाकिमल हो जाते हैं। मकिहला तस्(cid:4)र अक्सर बूढ़ी वेश्याएं होती हैं, सिजन(cid:4)े सामने पुनवा=स (cid:4)ी (cid:4)ोई संभावना नहीं होती। (cid:4)भी खुद पीकिड़त रहीं ये बूढ़ी मकिहलाएं उत्पीड़(cid:4) बन गई हैं। वहीं, पुरुप खुलेआम जोर-जबरदस्ती (cid:4)रते हैं। लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ी (cid:4)ीमत उन(cid:4)े किब(cid:4)ने योग्य गुणों पर तय (cid:4)ी जाती है। गांवों में उन(cid:4)ी (cid:4)ीमत 2,000-4,000 रु. होती है लेकि(cid:4)न मुंबई (cid:4)े मयखाने त(cid:4) पहुंचते-पहुंचते उन(cid:4)ी (cid:4)ीमत 50,000 रु. त(cid:4) हो जाती है। यह (cid:4)ारोबार तीन स्तरों पर चलता है. गांव में खरीदारी (cid:4)रने वाले लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो फंसाते हैं, उन्हें ?्रेन (cid:4)े जरिरए ्ቚाथकिम(cid:4) खरीदार त(cid:4) पहुंचाते हैं। ये तस्(cid:4)र किफर उन लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो कि’(cid:4)ाने लगाते हैं। और उन्हें उन(cid:4)े 10 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 4ारीरिर(cid:4) गुणों (cid:4)े आधार पर इस धंधे (cid:4)े किवभिभ्ቐ किहस्सों में लगाते हैं। अंቐኌतम किब्ቅी में (cid:4)ुछ समय लगता है पर इस बीच उन(cid:4)ा 4ोቧኍण जारी रहता है, जो उन(cid:4)े घर से बाहर (cid:4)दम रखते ही 4ुरू हो जाता है। अक्सर उन(cid:4)े साथ सबसे पहले वही व्यकिU बलात्(cid:4)ार (cid:4)रता है, जो उन्हें सबसे पहले खरीदता है और सबसे पहली किब्ቅी गांव (cid:4)ी सीमा पर ही हो जाती है। उस(cid:4)े बाद से उन पर "किब(cid:4)ी हुई" (cid:4)ा लेवल मानो उन(cid:4)े भाग्य (cid:4)ी तरह चस्पा हो जाता है। घरेलू (cid:4)ाम(cid:4)ाज इस (cid:4)ारोबार (cid:4)ा ए(cid:4) दूसरा महत्वपूण= पहलू है। झारखंड (cid:4)ी स्वयंसेवी दयामभिण बरला, सिजन्होंने खुद एजें? बन(cid:4)र 21 लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो मुU (cid:4)राया है, (cid:4)े 4ोध से पता चलत है कि(cid:4) किद्ቤी (cid:4)ी एजेंसिसयों ने 20,000 आकिदवासी लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो घरेलू नौ(cid:4)रानी (cid:4)ी नौ(cid:4)री (cid:4)ी इच्छु(cid:4) (cid:4)े रूप में पंजी(cid:4)ृत कि(cid:4)या है। ये नाराजगी जताते हुए (cid:4)हती हैं, "झारखंड पुखिलस और स्थानीय नेताओं ने इन किगरोहों से सा’गां’ (cid:4)र रखी है।" बरला (cid:4)ा आरोप बेजा नहीं है जैसा कि(cid:4) गोरखपुर में पुखिलस (cid:4)े Wेuाቐኌध(cid:4)ारी ए.एस. राय (cid:4)हते, "इतने बड़े पैमाने पर संगकि’त आपराቐኌध(cid:4) गቐኌतकिवቐኌधयां पुखिलस (cid:4)ी किमलीभगत (cid:4)े किबना 4ायद ही चल स(cid:4)ती है।" इस(cid:4)े अलावा, (cid:4)ुछ पुखिलस(cid:4)मA मानवाቐኌध(cid:4)ार (cid:4)ा उ्ቤंघन (cid:4)रते है। 4ालू बताती है कि(cid:4) जीबी रोड पर छापे (cid:4)े बाद उस(cid:4)े और (cid:4)ुछ दूसरी लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)े साथ पुखिलस ने इतना ्ቅूर व्यवहार कि(cid:4)या था। आंध ्ቚदे4 भारत (cid:4)ा इ(cid:4)लौत राज्य है जहां मानव तस्(cid:4)र किवरोधी नीቐኌत है, और वह उस(cid:4)े खिलए न्याቐኌय(cid:4) ्ቚावधानों पर (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)र रहा है। 1986 में सं4ोቐኌधत मानव तस्(cid:4)री किनरोध(cid:4) (cid:4)ानून (आइ?ीपीए) अपने आप में ’ोस (cid:4)ानूनी ्ቚावधान है। लेकि(cid:4)न इसमें (cid:4)ेवल यौन 4ोቧኍण (cid:4)ी पीकिड़तों (cid:4)ा ही सं्ሺान खिलया जाता है। एनएचआरसी (cid:4)ी सदस्य न्यायमूቔኌत सुजाता मनोहर (cid:4)ा सुझाव है, "इसे तस्(cid:4)री (cid:4)े दूसरे रूपों (cid:4)ो परिरभाकिቧኍत (cid:4)रने (cid:4)े खिलए किवस्तृत कि(cid:4)या जाना चाकिहए," सु्ቚीम (cid:4)ो?= ने 1997 में रा्ቖ्रीय (cid:4)ाय= योजना और ऐसी सकिमቐኌत (cid:4)े ग’न (cid:4)ा आदे4 किदया था जो वेश्यावृखिi (cid:4)ा गहन अध्ययन (cid:4)र(cid:4)े योजनाएं तैयार (cid:4)रे। पर फरीदाबाद ቇኌस्थत गैर सर(cid:4)ारी संग’न '4किU वाकिहनी', सिजसने वैश्यावृखिi (cid:4)े संगकि’त अपराध (cid:4)े खिखलाफ सु्ቚीम (cid:4)ो?= में याቐኌच(cid:4)ा डाल रखी है, (cid:4)े ऋकिቧኍ(cid:4)ांत eीवास्तव (cid:4)हते हैं, "लेकि(cid:4)न अभी त(cid:4) (cid:4)ुछ नहीं हुआ है।" मनोहर (cid:4)ा मानना है कि(cid:4) जब त(cid:4) भारत सर(cid:4)ार अपने '(cid:4)ल्याण' (cid:4)ाय=्ቅमों पुनप=रिरभाकिቧኍत नहीं (cid:4)रेगी और अपने नीቐኌत किनयंताओं तथा पुखिलस (cid:4)ो संवेदन4ील नहीं बनाएगी तब त(cid:4) अंቐኌतम लቌኚय हासिसल नहीं कि(cid:4)या जा स(cid:4)ता। उन(cid:4)ा संवेदन4ीलता (cid:4)ा त(cid:4)= महत्वपूण= है। जब त(cid:4) डां?-डप? (cid:4)े परे जा(cid:4)र सलाह नहीं दी जाएगी, तब त(cid:4) मकिहला पुखिलस(cid:4)मA ताने मारने (cid:4)े बजाए स्नेह नहीं किदखाएंगी, जब त(cid:4) सिसलाई सिसखाने से परे उन(cid:4)े (cid:4)ल्याण (cid:4)ा (cid:4)ाम नहीं कि(cid:4)या जाएगा तब ्ቚभावी पुनवा=स सपना ही रहेगा। इसी वजह से हैदराबाद ቇኌस्थत ्ቚज्वला (cid:4)े लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो छो?े उप्ቅमों (cid:4)ी मालकि(cid:4)न बनाने (cid:4)े (cid:4)ाय=्ቅम ज्यादा त(cid:4)=संगत लगते हैं। पुखिलस, न्यायपाखिल(cid:4)ा, नीቐኌत किनयंता, गैर-सर(cid:4)ारी संग’न, सलाह(cid:4)ार और बुकिनयादी स्तर पर (cid:4)ाम (cid:4)रने वाले स्वयंसेकिवयों (cid:4)ी ओर से बहुपWीय उपायों (cid:4)ी जरूरत है। गोरखपुर जैसे (cid:4)ुछ ्ቚभाकिवत इला(cid:4)ों में फल 11 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 किव्ቅेता, मोची, बस (cid:4)ंडक्?र सेवा (cid:4)ो ऐसी लड़ कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ा सुराग देने में मदद (cid:4)र रहे हैं जो परे4ानी में लग रहो थी। रांची (cid:4)े पास हरा= गांव (cid:4)े ्ቇामीणों ने आ्ቚवास किवरोधी और तस्(cid:4)री किवरोधी समूह बना खिलए हैं। आं् ्ቚदे4 और (cid:4)ना=?(cid:4) में पूव= देवदासिसयों ने मानव तस्(cid:4)री किवरोधी समूह बनाए है। भारतीय मकिहलाओं (cid:4)ी मुकिU और ्ቚगቐኌत (cid:4)े बारे में बात (cid:4)रना अच्छा लगता है। लेकि(cid:4)न जब त(cid:4) गरीब परिरवार ब्ሴों (cid:4)ा पे? भरने में सWम नहीं होते, जब त(cid:4) लड़कि(cid:4)यों (cid:4)ो खरीदने, उन(cid:4)ा 4ोቧኍण (cid:4)र(cid:4)े बेचने वाले (cid:4)ो सख्त से सख्त सजा (cid:4)ा ्ቚावधान नहीं होता तब त(cid:4) 4ालू (cid:4)ी (cid:4)ोख में पल रहे "धंधे (cid:4)े ब्ሴे" पैदा होते रहेंगे।"
10. Learned counsel for the applicants has submitted that a bare perusal of Sections 153 and 153-A IPC would indicate that no such offence is made out against the applicants. On a bare perusal of the complaint as well as the statements recorded under Sections 200 and 202 Cr.P.C. there is no sign of visible representation of either spoken or written words which promotes or attempts to create dis-harmony or feelings of enmity or hatred between the two groups or communities. Sections 153 and 153 A read as under : “153. Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed-if not committed. Whoever malignantly, or wantonly, by doing anything which is illegal, gives provocation to any person intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause the offence of rioting to be committed, shall, if the offence of rioting be committed in consequence of such provocation, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both and if the offence of rioting be not committed, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both “[153-A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.—(1) Whoever— (a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred 12 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquility, 2[or] 3[(c) organises any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity, for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community,] shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.”
11. Learned counsel for the applicants has relied upon the judgment of Hon'ble Supreme Court reported in (2007) 5 SCC 1 (Manzar Sayeed Khan vs. State of Maharastra). Relevant para nos.15, 16 and 17 are quoted hereinbelow : “15. We have given our thoughtful consideration to the respective contentions of the learned counsel for the parties. The question to be decided now is whether the paragraph complained of would attract the penal consequences envisaged in Section 153-A IPC. Section 153-A IPC was amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1969 (Act 35 of 1969). It consists of three clauses of which clauses (a) and (b) alone are material for the case on hand, which read as under:[153-A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.—(1) Whoever— (a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, 13 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity, 2[or] 3[(c) organises any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity, for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community,] shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
16. Section 153-A IPC, as extracted hereinabove, covers a case where a person by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities or acts prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony or is likely to disturb the public tranquility. The gist of the offence is the intention to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of people. The intention to cause disorder or incite the people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-A IPC and the prosecution has to prove prima facie the existence of mens rea on the part of the accused. The intention has to be judged primarily by the language of the book and the circumstances in which the book was written and published. The matter complained of within the ambit of Section 153-A must be read as a whole. One cannot rely on strongly worded and isolated passages for proving the charge nor indeed can one take a sentence here and a sentence there and connect them by a meticulous process of inferential reasoning. 14 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007
17. In Ramesh v. Union of India [(1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266 : AIR 1988 SC 775] this Court held that TV serial Tamas did not depict communal tension and violence and the provisions of Section 153-A IPC would not apply to it. It was also not prejudicial to the national integration falling under Section 153-B IPC. Approving the observations of Vivian Bose, J. in Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt.[AIR 1947 Nag 1] the Court observed that “the effect of the words must be judged from the standards of reasonable, strong-minded, firm and courageous men, and not those of weak and vacillating minds, nor of those who scent danger in every hostile point of view. … It is the standard of ordinary reasonable man or as they say in English law ‘the man on the top of a Clapham omnibus’.” (Ramesh case [(1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266 : AIR 1988 SC 775] , SCC p. 676, para 13)”
12. Learned counsel has also relied upon the judgment reported in (2024) 4 SCC 156 Javed Ahmad Hajam vs. State of Maharastra and another. Relevant paras are as follows : “5. The only offence alleged against the appellant is the one punishable under Section 153-AIPC. Section 153-AIPC, as it exists with effect from 4- 9-1969, reads thus: “153-A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc. and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.—(1) Whoever— (a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity, (c) organises any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or 15 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity, for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. Offence committed in place of worship, etc.—(2) Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section (1) in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.”
6. In this case, clause (c) of sub-section (1) of Section 153-AIPC is admittedly not attracted.
7. In the case of Manzar Sayeed Khan [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] , while interpreting Section 153-A, in para 16, this Court held thus : (SCC p. 9) “16. Section 153-A IPC, as extracted hereinabove, covers a case where a person by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities or acts prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity. The gist of the offence is the intention to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of people. The intention to cause disorder or incite the people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-AIPC and the prosecution has to prove prima facie the existence of mens rea on the part of the accused. The intention has to be judged primarily by the language of the book and the circumstances in which the book was written and published. The matter complained of within the ambit of Section 153-A must be read as a whole. One cannot rely on strongly worded and isolated passages for proving the charge nor indeed can one take a sentence here and a sentence there and connect them by a meticulous process of inferential reasoning.”
8. This Court in Manzar Sayeed Khan [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] referred to the 16 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 view taken by Vivian Bose, J., as a Judge of the erstwhile Nagpur High Court in Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt. [Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt., 1946 SCC OnLine MP 5 : AIR 1947 Nag 1] A Division Bench of the High Court dealt with the offence of sedition under Section 124-AIPC and Section 4(1) of the Press (Emergency Powers) Act,
1931. The issue was whether a particular article in the press tends, directly or indirectly, to bring hatred or contempt to the Government established in law. This Court has approved this view in its decision in Ramesh v. Union of India [Ramesh v. Union of India, (1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266] . In the said case, this Court dealt with the issue of applicability of Section 153-AIPC. In para 13, it was held thus : (Ramesh case [Ramesh v. Union of India, (1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266] , SCC p. 676) “13. …the effect of the words must be judged from the standards of reasonable, strong-minded, firm and courageous men, and not those of weak and vacillating minds, nor of those who scent danger in every hostile point of view. … It is the standard of ordinary reasonable man or as they say in English law ‘the man on the top of a Clapham omnibus’. (Bhagwati Charan Shukla case [Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt., 1946 SCC OnLine MP 5 : AIR 1947 Nag 1] , SCC OnLine MP para 67)” Therefore, the yardstick laid down by Vivian Bose, J., will have to be applied while judging the effect of the words, spoken or written, in the context of Section 153-AIPC.
9. We may also make a useful reference to a decision of this Court in Patricia Mukhim v. State of Meghalaya [Patricia Mukhim v. State of Meghalaya, (2021) 15 SCC 35] . Paras 8 to 10 of the said decision read thus : (SCC pp. 41-43) “8. ‘It is of utmost importance to keep all speech free in order for the truth to emerge and have a civil society.’— Thomas Jefferson. Freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution is a very valuable fundamental right. However, the right is not absolute. Reasonable restrictions can be placed on the right of free speech and expression in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of Court, defamation or incitement to an offence. Speech crime is punishable under Section 153-AIPC. Promotion of enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc. and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony is punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three years or with fine or with both under Section 153-A. As we are called upon to decide whether a prima facie case is made out against the appellant for committing offences under Sections 153-A and 505(1)(c), it is relevant to reproduce the provisions which are as follows: *** 17 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007
9. Only where the written or spoken words have the tendency of creating public disorder or disturbance of law and order or affecting public tranquillity, the law needs to step in to prevent such an activity. The intention to cause disorder or incite people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-AIPC and the prosecution has to prove the existence of mens rea in order to succeed. [Balwant Singh v. State of Punjab, (1995) 3 SCC 214 : 1995 SCC (Cri) 432]
10. The gist of the offence under Section 153-AIPC is the intention to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of people. The intention has to be judged primarily by the language of the piece of writing and the circumstances in which it was written and published. The matter complained of within the ambit of Section 153-A must be read as a whole. One cannot rely on strongly worded and isolated passages for proving the charge nor indeed can one take a sentence here and a sentence there and connect them by a meticulous process of inferential reasoning [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] .” (emphasis in original and supplied)
10. Now, coming back to Section 153-A, clause (a) of sub-section (1) of Section 153-AIPC is attracted when by words, either spoken or written or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, an attempt is made to promote disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities. The promotion of disharmony, enmity, hatred or ill will must be on the grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste, community or any other analogous grounds. Clause (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 153-AIPC will apply only when an act is committed which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity.
11. Now, coming to the words used by the appellant on his WhatsApp status, we may note here that the first statement is that August 5 is a Black Day for Jammu and Kashmir. 5-8-2019 is the day on which Article 370 of the Constitution of India was abrogated, and two separate Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir were formed. Further, the appellant has posted that “Article 370 was abrogated, we are not happy”. On a plain reading, the appellant intended to criticise the action of the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India. He has expressed unhappiness over the said act of abrogation. The aforesaid words do not refer to any religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community. It is a simple protest by the appellant against the decision to abrogate Article 370 of the Constitution of India and the further steps taken based on that decision. The Constitution of India, under Article 19(1)(a), guarantees freedom of speech and expression. Under the said guarantee, every citizen has the 18 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 right to offer criticism of the action of abrogation of Article 370 or, for that matter, every decision of the State. He has the right to say he is unhappy with any decision of the State.
12. In Manzar Sayeed Khan [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] , this Court has read “intention” as an essential ingredient of the said offence. The alleged objectionable words or expressions used by the appellant, on its plain reading, cannot promote disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities. The WhatsApp status of the appellant has a photograph of two barbed wires, below which it is mentioned that “AUGUST 5 — BLACK DAY — JAMMU & KASHMIR”. This is an expression of his individual view and his reaction to the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India. It does not reflect any intention to do something which is prohibited under Section 153-A. At best, it is a protest, which is a part of his freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a).
13. Every citizen of India has a right to be critical of the action of abrogation of Article 370 and the change of status of Jammu and Kashmir. Describing the day the abrogation happened as a “Black Day” is an expression of protest and anguish. If every criticism or protest of the actions of the State is to be held as an offence under Section 153-A, democracy, which is an essential feature of the Constitution of India, will not survive.
14. The right to dissent in a legitimate and lawful manner is an integral part of the rights guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a). Every individual must respect the right of others to dissent. An opportunity to peacefully protest against the decisions of the Government is an essential part of democracy. The right to dissent in a lawful manner must be treated as a part of the right to lead a dignified and meaningful life guaranteed by Article 21. But the protest or dissent must be within four corners of the modes permissible in a democratic set up. It is subject to reasonable restrictions imposed in accordance with clause (2) of Article 19. In the present case, the appellant has not at all crossed the line. (emphasis supplied)
13. Learned counsel for the applicant has also placed reliance upon (2024) 7 SCC 555 ; 2024 SCC OnLine SC 322 (Shiv Prasad Semwal vs. State of Uttarakhand and others to support his case.
14. Learned AGA has opposed the submissions and has submitted that the article which was published makes out offence, 19 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 therefore, the summoning order passed by the trial court is correct in the eye of law.
15. After going through the record as well as the submissions of the rival parties hereinabove, this Court finds that there is no such situation where court may come to the conclusion that the applicants by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial language or regional groups or castes or communities or acts prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony or is likely to disturb the public tranquility. The source of article is also mentioned and the information has been brought in the magazine to the extent that minor girls are used for sexual abuse (Annexure 2), which is a part of the Magazine. The basis and source of information is mentioned wherein it is evident that Murshidabad District of West Bengal has become a hub of human trafficking where the minor girls are sold for sexual gratification. Even if it is mentioned that there is unrest in Bediya community, it does not mean that it is a case of disharmony between the two groups or community. It is nowhere mentioned that Bediya community has unrest against muslim community. The intention has to be judged by the language of the article published in ‘Indian Today’ Magazine.
16. Article 19 (1) (a) enshrined under Chapter III of the Constitution of India essentially a fundamental right guarantees that a citizen has a right to freedom of speech and expression and in the present case, facts of a particular area pertaining to the minor girls and their sexual exploitation has been published ; certainly the plight of sexual exploitation of minor girls depicted 20 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 in the magazine does not create any disharmony or unrest between two groups or communities. The sex slavery of the minor girls have been highlighted and there is no intention of the applicants to promote any kind of hatred between the two communities.
17. In view of the facts and circumstances, of the case, the summoning order dated 07.05.2007 issued under Sections 153/153A IPC., is set aside as well as the entire criminal proceedings pending in the court of Special Judicial Magistrate, (CBI), Lucknow vide RBT No.C-186 of 2006 bearing Complaint Case No.626 of 2004, (Ehtisham Mirza vs. Arun Purie and others), Police Station Chowk, District Lucknow is quashed.
18. The application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is allowed. October 13, 2025 Pks ( BRIJ RAJ SINGH, J.) POOJA SETH High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, Lucknow Bench
10. Learned counsel for the applicants has submitted that a bare perusal of Sections 153 and 153-A IPC would indicate that no such offence is made out against the applicants. On a bare perusal of the complaint as well as the statements recorded under Sections 200 and 202 Cr.P.C. there is no sign of visible representation of either spoken or written words which promotes or attempts to create dis-harmony or feelings of enmity or hatred between the two groups or communities. Sections 153 and 153 A read as under : “153. Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed-if not committed. Whoever malignantly, or wantonly, by doing anything which is illegal, gives provocation to any person intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause the offence of rioting to be committed, shall, if the offence of rioting be committed in consequence of such provocation, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both and if the offence of rioting be not committed, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both “[153-A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.—(1) Whoever— (a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred 12 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquility, 2[or] 3[(c) organises any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity, for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community,] shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.”
11. Learned counsel for the applicants has relied upon the judgment of Hon'ble Supreme Court reported in (2007) 5 SCC 1 (Manzar Sayeed Khan vs. State of Maharastra). Relevant para nos.15, 16 and 17 are quoted hereinbelow : “15. We have given our thoughtful consideration to the respective contentions of the learned counsel for the parties. The question to be decided now is whether the paragraph complained of would attract the penal consequences envisaged in Section 153-A IPC. Section 153-A IPC was amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1969 (Act 35 of 1969). It consists of three clauses of which clauses (a) and (b) alone are material for the case on hand, which read as under:[153-A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.—(1) Whoever— (a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, 13 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity, 2[or] 3[(c) organises any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity, for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community,] shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
16. Section 153-A IPC, as extracted hereinabove, covers a case where a person by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities or acts prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony or is likely to disturb the public tranquility. The gist of the offence is the intention to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of people. The intention to cause disorder or incite the people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-A IPC and the prosecution has to prove prima facie the existence of mens rea on the part of the accused. The intention has to be judged primarily by the language of the book and the circumstances in which the book was written and published. The matter complained of within the ambit of Section 153-A must be read as a whole. One cannot rely on strongly worded and isolated passages for proving the charge nor indeed can one take a sentence here and a sentence there and connect them by a meticulous process of inferential reasoning. 14 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007
17. In Ramesh v. Union of India [(1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266 : AIR 1988 SC 775] this Court held that TV serial Tamas did not depict communal tension and violence and the provisions of Section 153-A IPC would not apply to it. It was also not prejudicial to the national integration falling under Section 153-B IPC. Approving the observations of Vivian Bose, J. in Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt.[AIR 1947 Nag 1] the Court observed that “the effect of the words must be judged from the standards of reasonable, strong-minded, firm and courageous men, and not those of weak and vacillating minds, nor of those who scent danger in every hostile point of view. … It is the standard of ordinary reasonable man or as they say in English law ‘the man on the top of a Clapham omnibus’.” (Ramesh case [(1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266 : AIR 1988 SC 775] , SCC p. 676, para 13)”
12. Learned counsel has also relied upon the judgment reported in (2024) 4 SCC 156 Javed Ahmad Hajam vs. State of Maharastra and another. Relevant paras are as follows : “5. The only offence alleged against the appellant is the one punishable under Section 153-AIPC. Section 153-AIPC, as it exists with effect from 4- 9-1969, reads thus: “153-A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc. and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.—(1) Whoever— (a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity, (c) organises any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or 15 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity, for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. Offence committed in place of worship, etc.—(2) Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section (1) in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.”
6. In this case, clause (c) of sub-section (1) of Section 153-AIPC is admittedly not attracted.
7. In the case of Manzar Sayeed Khan [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] , while interpreting Section 153-A, in para 16, this Court held thus : (SCC p. 9) “16. Section 153-A IPC, as extracted hereinabove, covers a case where a person by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities or acts prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity. The gist of the offence is the intention to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of people. The intention to cause disorder or incite the people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-AIPC and the prosecution has to prove prima facie the existence of mens rea on the part of the accused. The intention has to be judged primarily by the language of the book and the circumstances in which the book was written and published. The matter complained of within the ambit of Section 153-A must be read as a whole. One cannot rely on strongly worded and isolated passages for proving the charge nor indeed can one take a sentence here and a sentence there and connect them by a meticulous process of inferential reasoning.”
8. This Court in Manzar Sayeed Khan [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] referred to the 16 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 view taken by Vivian Bose, J., as a Judge of the erstwhile Nagpur High Court in Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt. [Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt., 1946 SCC OnLine MP 5 : AIR 1947 Nag 1] A Division Bench of the High Court dealt with the offence of sedition under Section 124-AIPC and Section 4(1) of the Press (Emergency Powers) Act,
1931. The issue was whether a particular article in the press tends, directly or indirectly, to bring hatred or contempt to the Government established in law. This Court has approved this view in its decision in Ramesh v. Union of India [Ramesh v. Union of India, (1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266] . In the said case, this Court dealt with the issue of applicability of Section 153-AIPC. In para 13, it was held thus : (Ramesh case [Ramesh v. Union of India, (1988) 1 SCC 668 : 1988 SCC (Cri) 266] , SCC p. 676) “13. …the effect of the words must be judged from the standards of reasonable, strong-minded, firm and courageous men, and not those of weak and vacillating minds, nor of those who scent danger in every hostile point of view. … It is the standard of ordinary reasonable man or as they say in English law ‘the man on the top of a Clapham omnibus’. (Bhagwati Charan Shukla case [Bhagwati Charan Shukla v. Provincial Govt., 1946 SCC OnLine MP 5 : AIR 1947 Nag 1] , SCC OnLine MP para 67)” Therefore, the yardstick laid down by Vivian Bose, J., will have to be applied while judging the effect of the words, spoken or written, in the context of Section 153-AIPC.
9. We may also make a useful reference to a decision of this Court in Patricia Mukhim v. State of Meghalaya [Patricia Mukhim v. State of Meghalaya, (2021) 15 SCC 35] . Paras 8 to 10 of the said decision read thus : (SCC pp. 41-43) “8. ‘It is of utmost importance to keep all speech free in order for the truth to emerge and have a civil society.’— Thomas Jefferson. Freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution is a very valuable fundamental right. However, the right is not absolute. Reasonable restrictions can be placed on the right of free speech and expression in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of Court, defamation or incitement to an offence. Speech crime is punishable under Section 153-AIPC. Promotion of enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc. and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony is punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three years or with fine or with both under Section 153-A. As we are called upon to decide whether a prima facie case is made out against the appellant for committing offences under Sections 153-A and 505(1)(c), it is relevant to reproduce the provisions which are as follows: *** 17 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007
9. Only where the written or spoken words have the tendency of creating public disorder or disturbance of law and order or affecting public tranquillity, the law needs to step in to prevent such an activity. The intention to cause disorder or incite people to violence is the sine qua non of the offence under Section 153-AIPC and the prosecution has to prove the existence of mens rea in order to succeed. [Balwant Singh v. State of Punjab, (1995) 3 SCC 214 : 1995 SCC (Cri) 432]
10. The gist of the offence under Section 153-AIPC is the intention to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of people. The intention has to be judged primarily by the language of the piece of writing and the circumstances in which it was written and published. The matter complained of within the ambit of Section 153-A must be read as a whole. One cannot rely on strongly worded and isolated passages for proving the charge nor indeed can one take a sentence here and a sentence there and connect them by a meticulous process of inferential reasoning [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] .” (emphasis in original and supplied)
10. Now, coming back to Section 153-A, clause (a) of sub-section (1) of Section 153-AIPC is attracted when by words, either spoken or written or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, an attempt is made to promote disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities. The promotion of disharmony, enmity, hatred or ill will must be on the grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste, community or any other analogous grounds. Clause (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 153-AIPC will apply only when an act is committed which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity.
11. Now, coming to the words used by the appellant on his WhatsApp status, we may note here that the first statement is that August 5 is a Black Day for Jammu and Kashmir. 5-8-2019 is the day on which Article 370 of the Constitution of India was abrogated, and two separate Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir were formed. Further, the appellant has posted that “Article 370 was abrogated, we are not happy”. On a plain reading, the appellant intended to criticise the action of the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India. He has expressed unhappiness over the said act of abrogation. The aforesaid words do not refer to any religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community. It is a simple protest by the appellant against the decision to abrogate Article 370 of the Constitution of India and the further steps taken based on that decision. The Constitution of India, under Article 19(1)(a), guarantees freedom of speech and expression. Under the said guarantee, every citizen has the 18 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 right to offer criticism of the action of abrogation of Article 370 or, for that matter, every decision of the State. He has the right to say he is unhappy with any decision of the State.
12. In Manzar Sayeed Khan [Manzar Sayeed Khan v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 5 SCC 1 : (2007) 2 SCC (Cri) 417] , this Court has read “intention” as an essential ingredient of the said offence. The alleged objectionable words or expressions used by the appellant, on its plain reading, cannot promote disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities. The WhatsApp status of the appellant has a photograph of two barbed wires, below which it is mentioned that “AUGUST 5 — BLACK DAY — JAMMU & KASHMIR”. This is an expression of his individual view and his reaction to the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India. It does not reflect any intention to do something which is prohibited under Section 153-A. At best, it is a protest, which is a part of his freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a).
13. Every citizen of India has a right to be critical of the action of abrogation of Article 370 and the change of status of Jammu and Kashmir. Describing the day the abrogation happened as a “Black Day” is an expression of protest and anguish. If every criticism or protest of the actions of the State is to be held as an offence under Section 153-A, democracy, which is an essential feature of the Constitution of India, will not survive.
14. The right to dissent in a legitimate and lawful manner is an integral part of the rights guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a). Every individual must respect the right of others to dissent. An opportunity to peacefully protest against the decisions of the Government is an essential part of democracy. The right to dissent in a lawful manner must be treated as a part of the right to lead a dignified and meaningful life guaranteed by Article 21. But the protest or dissent must be within four corners of the modes permissible in a democratic set up. It is subject to reasonable restrictions imposed in accordance with clause (2) of Article 19. In the present case, the appellant has not at all crossed the line. (emphasis supplied)
13. Learned counsel for the applicant has also placed reliance upon (2024) 7 SCC 555 ; 2024 SCC OnLine SC 322 (Shiv Prasad Semwal vs. State of Uttarakhand and others to support his case.
14. Learned AGA has opposed the submissions and has submitted that the article which was published makes out offence, 19 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 therefore, the summoning order passed by the trial court is correct in the eye of law.
15. After going through the record as well as the submissions of the rival parties hereinabove, this Court finds that there is no such situation where court may come to the conclusion that the applicants by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial language or regional groups or castes or communities or acts prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony or is likely to disturb the public tranquility. The source of article is also mentioned and the information has been brought in the magazine to the extent that minor girls are used for sexual abuse (Annexure 2), which is a part of the Magazine. The basis and source of information is mentioned wherein it is evident that Murshidabad District of West Bengal has become a hub of human trafficking where the minor girls are sold for sexual gratification. Even if it is mentioned that there is unrest in Bediya community, it does not mean that it is a case of disharmony between the two groups or community. It is nowhere mentioned that Bediya community has unrest against muslim community. The intention has to be judged by the language of the article published in ‘Indian Today’ Magazine.
16. Article 19 (1) (a) enshrined under Chapter III of the Constitution of India essentially a fundamental right guarantees that a citizen has a right to freedom of speech and expression and in the present case, facts of a particular area pertaining to the minor girls and their sexual exploitation has been published ; certainly the plight of sexual exploitation of minor girls depicted 20 APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 2694 of 2007 in the magazine does not create any disharmony or unrest between two groups or communities. The sex slavery of the minor girls have been highlighted and there is no intention of the applicants to promote any kind of hatred between the two communities.
17. In view of the facts and circumstances, of the case, the summoning order dated 07.05.2007 issued under Sections 153/153A IPC., is set aside as well as the entire criminal proceedings pending in the court of Special Judicial Magistrate, (CBI), Lucknow vide RBT No.C-186 of 2006 bearing Complaint Case No.626 of 2004, (Ehtisham Mirza vs. Arun Purie and others), Police Station Chowk, District Lucknow is quashed.
18. The application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is allowed. October 13, 2025 Pks ( BRIJ RAJ SINGH, J.) POOJA SETH High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, Lucknow Bench