State v. Ganga Ram and others), arising out of Crime No

Judgment

1. Heard Sri A.K.Tiwari, learned Counsel for the appellants and learned A.G.A. for the State of U.P. and perused the record.

2. The instant Criminal Appeal under Section 374 (2), Cr.P.C. has been filed by the appellants namely Ganga Ram s/o Mahadev, Lallan s/o Ganga Ram, Ram Milan s/o Ram Samujh and Keshav Ram s/o Ram Dularely, challenging the judgment and order 10.03.2004 passed by Additional District and Sessions Judge, Court No.7, District- Barabanki in Session Trial No.323 of 1997 (State Versus Ganga Ram and others), arising out of Crime No.60 of 1996, under Sections 323/34, 325/34, 307/34, 308/34 IPC, Police Station- Mawai, District-Barabanki, convicting and sentencing the appellants under Section 308/34 I.P.C. to undergo five years rigorous imprisonment alongwith fine of Rs. 1,000/-, under Section 323/34 IPC to undergo three months rigorous imprisonment alongwith fine of Rs. 1,000/-, and under Section 325/34 IPC to undergo two years rigorous imprisonment alongwith fine of Rs. 1,000/-, with default stipulation.

3. As per the letter dated 18.11.2025 of the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ayodhya received by this Court, the accused-appellant No. 1/ Ganga Ram s/o Mahadev has expired on 01.09.2019. Accordingly, the present appeal is dismissed as abated qua the appellant No. 1.

4. The case of the prosecution in nutshell is that on 04.05.1996 the 2 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 informant namely Ramnama s/o Ishwardeen Yadav, r/o Village Muravan ka Purwa, Police Station-Mawai, District-Barabanki, submitted a written report dated 04.06.1996 (Ex-Ka-1) at Police Station-Mawai, District-Barabanki and based upon the said written report, FIR (Ex-Ka-3) was registered as Crime No.60 of 1996, under Sections 323/34, 325/34, 307/34, 308/34 IPC at Police Station- Mawai, District-Barabanki.

5. According to the written report/FIR on 04.05.1996, the son of informant namely Shiv Murat was assaulted by the accused namely Ganga Ram s/o Mahadev, Lallan s/o Ganga Ram, Ram Milan s/o Ram Samujh and Keshav Ram s/o Ram Dularely, on account of petty dispute between the son of informant and sons of Ganga Ram and Ram Milan, hearing commotion, informant/Ramnama, his son Harishchandra and cousin of informant/Ram Kumar, who were present at crusher, rushed to the spot and these persons were also assaulted by the accused- appellants.

6. The written report ( Ex.-Ka-1), also indicates that accused-appellants fled away from the spot/ situs of the crime on reaching Hausala s/o Ram Kishan, Ram Kailash s/o Gangadhar and others.

7. The written report (Ex.-Ka-1) also says that accused hurled abuses and it also indicates that left hand of Ram Kumar was fractured in the incident.

8. The injured were examined at P.S.C. Barabanki by Dr. Sharad Kumar Verma (P.W.6).

9. The Investigating Officer, after completing the investigation, submitted the charge sheet against the accused/appellants.

10. After submission of charge sheet before Court of learned Magistrate the said case was committed to the Court of Session where it was registered as S. T. No. 323 of 1997 and charges were framed against the appellants and to which they denied and claimed trial.

11. In order to substantiate its case, prosecution examined as many as 7 witnesses i.e. injured/informant/Ramnama/ P.W. 1, injured Ram 3 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 Kumar/ P.W.2, injured Harishchandra/ P.W. 3,RamAsrey Saroj/ PW4, S.I. Ram Swarup/ P.W. 5, injured Shiv Murat/P.W. 8, who supported the story of prosecution, and Dr. Sharad Verma/ P.W. 6, Dr. D.P. Dayal/ P.W. 7. The witnesses of the prosecution proved the story of prosecution on the documentary evidence on record including injury report(s) and X-Ray report(s). Defence also produced the witness Dr. P. Nautiyal/ D.W. 1.

12. That after closing of the evidence, statement of accused/ appellants

under section 313 Cr.P.C. were recorded by the trial court explaining the entire evidence and other circumstances, in which the appellants denied the prosecution story and the entire prosecution story was said to be wrong and concocted.

13. Thereafter, the learned trial court after hearing learned counsel for both the parties and appreciating the entire evidence oral as well as documentary, found the accused /appellants guilty and convicted them as above.

14. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order of conviction, the appellants have preferred the present appeal.

15. Learned counsel for the appellants submits that the accused- appellants have not been convicted previously for any offence and he is the first time offender. The learned counsel at the outset submits that he is not challenging the impugned judgment and order of conviction and is confining his submission in the appeal only with respect to the order of sentence.

16. Learned counsel for accused-appellants submits that in view of the aforesaid facts and circumstances, including the fact that the accused-appellants have not been convicted previously for any offence, the trial court ought to have invoked the provisions of The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (hereinafter referred to as 'Act, 1958').

17. The Trial Court did neither invoke the provisions of the Act, 1958 nor the provisions of Section 360 Cr.P.C. while sentencing the accused-appellants. The Trial Court has not given any special reason 4 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 in the impugned judgment and order of conviction and sentence for not giving the benefit of provisions of Section 360 Cr.P.C. or the provisions of Act, 1958.

18. Learned counsel for the accused-appellants submits that to that extent, the impugned judgment and order suffers from serious illegality being violative of provisions of section 361 Cr.P.C. and, therefore, it cannot be sustained.

19. Section 361 of the Code is required to be applied with or without the beneficial provisions i.e. Section 360 of the Code or provisions of the Act, 1958. If the Court chooses not to apply either of these provisions, it is required to give special reasons for not applying the beneficial provision in case the accused offender otherwise is eligible for provisions of Section 360 of the Code or Section 3 or 4 of the Act, 1958.

20. The accused-appellants has statutory right for claiming the benefit of beneficial legislation i.e. the provisions of the Act, 1958 and the learned Trial Court was under a duty to consider the applicability of Section 360 Cr.P.C. or Sections 3 or 4 of the Act, 1958 as mandated under Section 361 Cr.P.C. If the provisions of Section 360 Cr.P.C. or provisions of the Act, 1958 were not applied, then the learned Trial Court should have recorded reasons for the same.

21. Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the State of Uttar Pradesh has its own local law of probation i.e. Uttar Pradesh First Offenders Probation Act, 1938. He further submitted that the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (Central Act) is also applicable in the State of Uttar Pradesh as held by Hon'ble the Supreme Court in the case of Mohd. Hashim Vs. State of U.P.; (2017) 2 SCC 198. Thus, learned counsel for the appellants submitted that it is upon the discretion of the Court to grant benefits in either of the Acts.

22. Learned counsel for the appellants further submitted that he does not want to press the appeal on merits. He has submitted that the incident took place 29 years ago and there is no further criminal antecedent against the appellants. The delay in trial deprives the right of the appellants of speedy trial and they may be given benefit 5 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 of first offender and appellants may be extended the benefit of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (herein after referred as the Act of 1958). He further submitted that appellants are first time offender and are not previously convicted in any case. He further submitted that it is the Court which may consider the benefit of Section 4 of the Act of 1958 to the accused-appellants.

23. It is also stated by the learned counsel for the appellants that the trial court awarded maximum punishment to appellants despite the fact that occurrence took place without premeditation of mind on the spur of moment and for awarding maximum punishment provided under Section 304 IPC, Part II, the trial court has not recorded reasons for it, though, the same are required to be done if the trial court is of the opinion that maximum punishment is to be awarded.

24. Learned A.G.A. on the other hand opposed the appeal and has submitted that there is no material irregularity or illegality committed by the court below and keeping in view the evidence on record, accused-appellants have been rightly convicted.

25. Learned AGA appearing for the State does not dispute the fact that accused-appellants is the first time offender and was not previously convicted in any other case. He also submits that in view of the expressed provisions of Section 361 Cr.P.C., considering the facts and circumstances, nature of the offence, the character of the accused-appellants and particularly, the time period which has lapsed since the date of incident, the benefit of Section 4 of the Act, 1958 can be granted in this case.

26. Learned A.G.A. further states that the benefit of Section 4 of the Act of 1958 could be extended to the accused-appellants on certain stipulations as specified in Section 4 of the Act of 1958.

27. After considering the arguments advanced by the parties and after perusal of the material available on record, this court finds that except apart the merits of the case, so far as the prayer of learned counsel for the appellants for providing benefits of Section 4 of the Act of 1958 is concerned, it is essential to discuss the legal position and law propounded in this regard. 6 CRLA No. 727 of 2004

28. Sections 3 and 4 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 are extracted hereunder:

3. Power of court to release certain offenders after admonition.- "Where any person is found guilty of having committed an offence punishable under Section 379 or Section 380 or Section 381 or Section 404 or Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code, (45 of 1860) or any offence punishable with imprisonment for not more than two years, or with fine, or with both, under the Indian Penal code, or any other law, and no previous conviction is proved against him and the Court by which the person is found guilty is of opinion that, having regard to the circumstances of the case including the nature of the offence, and the character of the offender, it is expedient so to do, then, notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the Court may, instead of sentencing him to any punishment or releasing him on probation of good conduct under section 4 release him after due admonition. Explanation.-For the purposes of this Section, previous conviction against a person shall include any previous order made against him under this Section or Section 4.

4. Power of Court to release certain offenders on probation of good conduct.- (1) When any person is found guilty of having committed an offence not punishable with death or imprisonment for life and the Court by which the person is found guilty is of opinion that, having regard to the circumstances of the case including the nature of the offence and the character of the offender, it is expedient to release him on probation of good conduct, then, notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the court may, instead of sentencing him at once to any punishment direct that he be released on his entering into a bond, with or without sureties, to appear and receive sentence when called upon during such period, not exceeding three years, as the Court may direct, and in the meantime to keep the peace and be of good behaviour: Provided that the Court shall not direct such release of an offender unless it is satisfied that the offender or his surety, if any, has a fixed place of abode or regular occupation in the place over which the Court exercises jurisdiction or in which the offender is likely to live during the period for which he enters into the bond."

29. That Hon'ble Supreme Court in Ratan Lal vs State of Punjab, AIR 1965 SC 444, while discussing the purpose and object of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, has observed in para no. 4, as follows:- "4. The Act is a milestone in the progress of the modern liberal trend of reform in the field of penology. It is the result of the recognition of the doctrine that the object of criminal law is more to reform the individual offender than to punish him. Broadly stated the Act distinguishes offenders below 21 years of age and those above that age, and offenders who are guilty of having committed an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life and those who are guilty of a lesser offence. While in the case of offenders who are above the age of 21 years, absolute discretion is given to the court to release them after admonition or on probation of good conduct, subject to the condition laid down in the appropriate provision of the Act, in the case of offenders below the age of 21 years an injunction is issued to the court not to sentence them to imprisonment unless it is satisfied that having regard to the circumstances of the case, including the 7 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 nature of the offence and the character of the offenders, it is not desirable to deal with them under Ss. 3 and 4 of the Act."

30. Further, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Ved Prakash vs

under section 313 Cr.P.C. were recorded by the trial court explaining the entire evidence and other circumstances, in which the appellants denied the prosecution story and the entire prosecution story was said to be wrong and concocted.

13. Thereafter, the learned trial court after hearing learned counsel for both the parties and appreciating the entire evidence oral as well as documentary, found the accused /appellants guilty and convicted them as above.

14. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order of conviction, the appellants have preferred the present appeal.

15. Learned counsel for the appellants submits that the accused- appellants have not been convicted previously for any offence and he is the first time offender. The learned counsel at the outset submits that he is not challenging the impugned judgment and order of conviction and is confining his submission in the appeal only with respect to the order of sentence.

16. Learned counsel for accused-appellants submits that in view of the aforesaid facts and circumstances, including the fact that the accused-appellants have not been convicted previously for any offence, the trial court ought to have invoked the provisions of The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (hereinafter referred to as 'Act, 1958').

17. The Trial Court did neither invoke the provisions of the Act, 1958 nor the provisions of Section 360 Cr.P.C. while sentencing the accused-appellants. The Trial Court has not given any special reason 4 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 in the impugned judgment and order of conviction and sentence for not giving the benefit of provisions of Section 360 Cr.P.C. or the provisions of Act, 1958.

18. Learned counsel for the accused-appellants submits that to that extent, the impugned judgment and order suffers from serious illegality being violative of provisions of section 361 Cr.P.C. and, therefore, it cannot be sustained.

19. Section 361 of the Code is required to be applied with or without the beneficial provisions i.e. Section 360 of the Code or provisions of the Act, 1958. If the Court chooses not to apply either of these provisions, it is required to give special reasons for not applying the beneficial provision in case the accused offender otherwise is eligible for provisions of Section 360 of the Code or Section 3 or 4 of the Act, 1958.

20. The accused-appellants has statutory right for claiming the benefit of beneficial legislation i.e. the provisions of the Act, 1958 and the learned Trial Court was under a duty to consider the applicability of Section 360 Cr.P.C. or Sections 3 or 4 of the Act, 1958 as mandated under Section 361 Cr.P.C. If the provisions of Section 360 Cr.P.C. or provisions of the Act, 1958 were not applied, then the learned Trial Court should have recorded reasons for the same.

21. Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the State of Uttar Pradesh has its own local law of probation i.e. Uttar Pradesh First Offenders Probation Act, 1938. He further submitted that the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (Central Act) is also applicable in the State of Uttar Pradesh as held by Hon'ble the Supreme Court in the case of Mohd. Hashim Vs. State of U.P.; (2017) 2 SCC 198. Thus, learned counsel for the appellants submitted that it is upon the discretion of the Court to grant benefits in either of the Acts.

22. Learned counsel for the appellants further submitted that he does not want to press the appeal on merits. He has submitted that the incident took place 29 years ago and there is no further criminal antecedent against the appellants. The delay in trial deprives the right of the appellants of speedy trial and they may be given benefit 5 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 of first offender and appellants may be extended the benefit of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (herein after referred as the Act of 1958). He further submitted that appellants are first time offender and are not previously convicted in any case. He further submitted that it is the Court which may consider the benefit of Section 4 of the Act of 1958 to the accused-appellants.

23. It is also stated by the learned counsel for the appellants that the trial court awarded maximum punishment to appellants despite the fact that occurrence took place without premeditation of mind on the spur of moment and for awarding maximum punishment provided under Section 304 IPC, Part II, the trial court has not recorded reasons for it, though, the same are required to be done if the trial court is of the opinion that maximum punishment is to be awarded.

24. Learned A.G.A. on the other hand opposed the appeal and has submitted that there is no material irregularity or illegality committed by the court below and keeping in view the evidence on record, accused-appellants have been rightly convicted.

25. Learned AGA appearing for the State does not dispute the fact that accused-appellants is the first time offender and was not previously convicted in any other case. He also submits that in view of the expressed provisions of Section 361 Cr.P.C., considering the facts and circumstances, nature of the offence, the character of the accused-appellants and particularly, the time period which has lapsed since the date of incident, the benefit of Section 4 of the Act, 1958 can be granted in this case.

26. Learned A.G.A. further states that the benefit of Section 4 of the Act of 1958 could be extended to the accused-appellants on certain stipulations as specified in Section 4 of the Act of 1958.

27. After considering the arguments advanced by the parties and after perusal of the material available on record, this court finds that except apart the merits of the case, so far as the prayer of learned counsel for the appellants for providing benefits of Section 4 of the Act of 1958 is concerned, it is essential to discuss the legal position and law propounded in this regard. 6 CRLA No. 727 of 2004

28. Sections 3 and 4 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 are extracted hereunder:

3. Power of court to release certain offenders after admonition.- "Where any person is found guilty of having committed an offence punishable under Section 379 or Section 380 or Section 381 or Section 404 or Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code, (45 of 1860) or any offence punishable with imprisonment for not more than two years, or with fine, or with both, under the Indian Penal code, or any other law, and no previous conviction is proved against him and the Court by which the person is found guilty is of opinion that, having regard to the circumstances of the case including the nature of the offence, and the character of the offender, it is expedient so to do, then, notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the Court may, instead of sentencing him to any punishment or releasing him on probation of good conduct under section 4 release him after due admonition. Explanation.-For the purposes of this Section, previous conviction against a person shall include any previous order made against him under this Section or Section 4.

4. Power of Court to release certain offenders on probation of good conduct.- (1) When any person is found guilty of having committed an offence not punishable with death or imprisonment for life and the Court by which the person is found guilty is of opinion that, having regard to the circumstances of the case including the nature of the offence and the character of the offender, it is expedient to release him on probation of good conduct, then, notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the court may, instead of sentencing him at once to any punishment direct that he be released on his entering into a bond, with or without sureties, to appear and receive sentence when called upon during such period, not exceeding three years, as the Court may direct, and in the meantime to keep the peace and be of good behaviour: Provided that the Court shall not direct such release of an offender unless it is satisfied that the offender or his surety, if any, has a fixed place of abode or regular occupation in the place over which the Court exercises jurisdiction or in which the offender is likely to live during the period for which he enters into the bond."

29. That Hon'ble Supreme Court in Ratan Lal vs State of Punjab, AIR 1965 SC 444, while discussing the purpose and object of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, has observed in para no. 4, as follows:- "4. The Act is a milestone in the progress of the modern liberal trend of reform in the field of penology. It is the result of the recognition of the doctrine that the object of criminal law is more to reform the individual offender than to punish him. Broadly stated the Act distinguishes offenders below 21 years of age and those above that age, and offenders who are guilty of having committed an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life and those who are guilty of a lesser offence. While in the case of offenders who are above the age of 21 years, absolute discretion is given to the court to release them after admonition or on probation of good conduct, subject to the condition laid down in the appropriate provision of the Act, in the case of offenders below the age of 21 years an injunction is issued to the court not to sentence them to imprisonment unless it is satisfied that having regard to the circumstances of the case, including the 7 CRLA No. 727 of 2004 nature of the offence and the character of the offenders, it is not desirable to deal with them under Ss. 3 and 4 of the Act."

30. Further, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Ved Prakash vs