Secretary Rajesh Sekhri S/o Late Maharaj Krishan v. Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja

Judgment

1. Kajodmal S/o Late Shri Sujya, Aged About 55 Years, R/o Village Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja, Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat, Through Power Of Attorney Holder Sanjay Singhal S/o Shri Makhan Lal Singhal, Aged 51 Years, J-Scheme, Behind Iocl Petrol Pump, Sahkar Marg, Jaipur 1/1. Smt. Bimla (wife) 1/2. Ravi (Son) 1/3. Ashok (Son) 1/4. Naresh (Son) 1/5. Smt. Rekha (Daughter) All resident of A-302 Akshat Elegance, Suvidha Elegance, Singharva, Ahmadabad City, Gujarat-

2. Smt. Kesri D/o Shri Bhuraram, R/o Dhanko Ka Mohalla, Second Left Row From Shiv Mandir, Johri Ke Makan Ki Gali, Ghatgate, Jaipur

3. Smt. Shrangari Devi W/o Late Shri Sujya (Deceased), R/o Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (2 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja, Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat

Ramesh S/o Late Shri Sujya, R/o Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja, Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat

5. Gopal S/o Late Shri Sujya (Deceased), R/o Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja, Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat

6. Pappu S/o Late Shri Sujya (Deceased), R/o Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja, Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat

7. Mangal S/o Late Shri Sujya, R/o Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja, Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat. ----Respondents Connected With S.B. Civil Miscellaneous Appeal No. 2973/2025

1. Laxmi Nagar Grah Nirman Sahkari Samiti Ltd., Jaipur Through Its President Shri Kanhiyalal Son Of Shri Gulla Ram, Present Secretary Shri Kaushal Rajawat Son Of Shri Laxman Singh.

2. Shiv Nagar Jaichandpura Vikas Samiti, Through Its Secretary Rajesh Sekhri S/o Late Maharaj Krishan Sekhri Aged About 67 Years Registered Office At Plot No. 100 Shiv Nagar, Jaichandpura, Goner Road, Jaipur 303905 ----Appellants Versus

1. Kajodmal Son Of Late Shri Sujya, Aged About 55 Years, Resident Of Village Rampura @ Kanwarpura, [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (3 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Darwaja, Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat, Through Power Of Attorney Holder Sanjay Singhal Son Of Shri Makhan Lal Singhal, Aged 51 Years, J-Scheme, Behind Iocl Petrol Pump, Sahkar Marg, Jaipur. 1/1. Smt. Bimla (wife) 1/2. Ravi (Son) 1/3. Ashok (Son) 1/4. Naresh (Son) 1/5. Smt. Rekha (Daughter) All resident of A-302 Akshat Elegance, Suvidha Elegance, Singharva, Ahmadabad City, Gujarat-

2. Smt. Kesri Daughter Of Shri Bhuraram, Resident Of Dhanko Ka Mohalla, Second Left Row From Shiv Mandir, Johri Ke Makan Ki Gali, Ghatgate, Jaipur.

3. Smt. Shrangari Devi Wife Of Late Shri Sujya (Deceased), Resident Of Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Derwaja Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat.

4. Ramesh Son Of Late Shri Sujya, Resident Of Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Derwaja Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat.

5. Gopal Son Of Late Shri Sujya, (Deceased) Resident Of Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Derwaja Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat.

6. Pappu Son Of Late Shri Sujya(Deceased), Resident Of Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Derwaja Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat. [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (4 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025]

7. Mangal Son Of Late Shri Sujya, Resident Of Rampura @ Kanwarpura, Tehsil Sanganer, At Present Outside Sahpura Derwaja Master Colony, Ver House Ka Tekda, Ahmadabad Gujarat. ----Respondents For Appellant(s) : Mr. Prahlad Sharma, Adv. Mr. Ram Prasad Sharma, Adv. Mr. Yogesh Pujari, Adv. Mr. Lakhan Sharma, Adv. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Banwari Sharma, Adv. Mr. Pushpendu Sharma, Adv. HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE UMA SHANKER VYAS Judgment / Order Reserved On :

15.09.2025 Pronounced On :

18.09.2025 1- mijksDr nksuksa vihysa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dze&7 y{eh uxj x`g fuekZ.k lgdkjh lfefr fyfeVsM ¼ftls vkxs ^^izfroknh dze&7^^ dgk tkosxk½ ds }kjk fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k dze&10] t;iqj egkuxj&izFke] eq[;ky; lkaxkusj }kjk nhokuh fu;fer vihy la[;k 09@2023 rFkk 10@2023 esa ikfjr i`Fkd&i`Fkd fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh gSaA nksukaas vihyksa esa i{kdkjku~] fookfnr fcUnq vkfn ,d gh gksus ls nksuksa vihyksa dk ,d lkFk fuLrkj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA 2- lqlaxr rF; ;g gS fd Lo0 lwT;k ds iq= dtksM+ey izR;FkhZ dze&1@oknh ¼vkxs ^^oknh^^ dgk tkosxk½ }kjk fopkj.k U;k;ky; vfrfjDr flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼ofj"B [k.M½ dze&13] t;iqj egkuxj izFke] eq[;ky;&lkaxkusj esa okn la[;k 09@2014 rFkk 10@2014 [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (5 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] izLrqr dj ;g vfHkdfFkr fd;k fd oknxzLr d`f"k Hkwfe mlds firk Lo0 lwT;k ds [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkjksa dh FkhA oknh ds firk ifjokj lfgr vgenkckn f'kQ~V gks x;s Fks] oknh ds firk vius thoudky esa oknxzLr laifRr dks laHkkyus vkrs jgs gSa] oknh ds firk }kjk dHkh Hkh oknxzLr Hkwfe fdlh dks fodz; ugha dh x;h] o"kZ 2014 esa oknh viuh Hkwfe dks laHkkyus vk;k rks tkudkjh ysus ij ;g Kkr gqvk fd mlds firk Lo0 lwT;k ds LFkku ij fdlh vU; O;fDr dks izfr:fir djrs gq, Jherh dsljh nsoh ¼izfroknh dze&1½ ds i{k esa ,d fodz;i= fnukad 25-09-1989 dks oknxzLr Hkwfe ds laca/k esa fu"ikfnr djok fy;k] mDr fodz;i= iw.kZr% dwVjfpr gSA bl fodz;i= dks fujLr djus rFkk oknh dh oknxzLr lEifRr ij izfroknh }kjk gLr{ksi ugha fd;s tkus ckcr~ vuqrks"k pkgkA 3- vfHkys[k ls ;g Hkh izdV gqvk gS fd izfroknh dze&1 dsljh nsoh dk fookfnr fodz;i= fnukafdr 25-09-1989 ij viw.kZ irk Fkk] ml ij lEeu tkjh fd;s x;s] ysfdu Jherh dsljh nsoh dh vafdr irs ij tkudkjh ugha gks ldh] izfrLFkkfir rkehy gsrq oknh dh vksj ls vkosnu izLrqr gqvk tks [kkfjt gqvk] mlds i'pkr lkekU; izfdz;k ls rkehy ugha gksus ij iqu% izfrLFkkfir rkehy dk vkosnu fn;k x;k tks Lohdkj gksdj fnukad 01-06-2016 dks lekpkj&i= esa lEeu izdkf'kr gqvk] izfrokfn;k ds vuqifLFkr jgus ij ,di{kh; dk;Zokgh dj lk{; ys[kc) dh x;h] ijUrq fu.kZ; ikfjr gksus ls iwoZ fnukad 06-10-2018 dks izfroknh dze&7@vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls vkns'k 1 fu;e 10 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr vkosnu izLrqr dj ;g vfHkdfFkr fd;k fd tfj;s bdjkjukek fnukad 27-05-1996 Jherh dsljh nsoh }kjk ;g lEifRr [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (6 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] izfroknh dze&7 dks vUrfjr dh tk pqdh Fkh rFkk bl Hkwfe ds laca/k esa 90ch Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e ds rgr dk;Zokgh dh tkdj t;iqj fodkl izkf/kdj.k }kjk vkoklh; Hkwfe esa ifjofrZr dj nh x;h gS] izfroknh dze&7 }kjk vius lnL;ksa dks Hkw[k.M Hkh vkoafVr dj fn;s gSa vkSj ikfjr gksus okys fu.kZ; ls muds fgr foijhr :i ls izHkkfor gks ldrs gSaA bl i`"BHkwfe esa fnukad 21-08-2019 ds vkns'k ds ek/;e ls vihykFkhZ@lfefr dks izfroknh la[;k&7 ds :i eas la;ksftr fd;k x;kA 4- izfroknh la[;k&7 }kjk tcko nkok fnukad 06-11-2019 dks izLrqr fd;k] ysfdu mlesa Hkh izfroknh dze&1 dsljhnsoh dh e`R;q dk rF; mYysf[kr ugha fd;kA fnukad 08-10-2021 dks izfroknh dze&7 dh vksj ls vkns'k 14 fu;e 5 lh-ih-lh- dk vkosnu izLrqr djrs gq, ml vkosnu esa ;g Hkh mYysf[kr fd;k fd Jherh dsljh nsoh dh e`R;q fnukad 04-05-2009 dks gks pqdh gS rFkk fnukad 02-05-2023 dks izfroknh dze&7 dh vksj ls Jherh dsljh nsoh dk e`R;q izek.k i= izLrqr fd;kA ;g Hkh Lohd`r fLFkfr gS fd Jherh dsljh nsoh ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k dks vfHkys[k ij ysus gsrq dksbZ vkosnu oknh dh vksj ls izLrqr ugha fd;k x;kA 5- izfroknh dze&7 dh vksj ls vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr vkosnu izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd d`f"k Hkwfe ls lacaf/kr ekeyk gS] okn izLrqfr ds le; [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj oknh ds i{k esa ugha Fks] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa izdj.k dh lquokbZ dk {ks=kf/kdkj flfoy U;k;ky; dks ugha gSA ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd Jherh dsljh nsoh dh okn izLrqfr ds dkQh le; iwoZ fnukad 04-05-2009 dks gh e`R;q gks pqdh Fkh] e`r O;fDr ds fo:) okn iks"k.kh; ugha gS] [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (7 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] muds fof/kd izfrfuf/kx.k dks i{kdkj ugha cuk;k x;k gS] okn ifjlhek vof/k ds ckgj gS] okLrfod o lgh rF;ksa dks Nqikdj nqHkkZoukiwoZd okn izLrqr fd;s gSaA 6- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk mijksDr vkosnu vkns'k fnukad 10-08-2023 ds ek/;e ls [kkfjt fd;k] fdUrq /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ;g vfHker nsrs gq, fd okn e`r O;fDr ds fo:) izLrqr gqvk gS] lgh rF;ksa dks Nqik;k gS /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr nksuksa okn [kkfjt fd;s x;sA vkns'k fnukad 10-08-2023 ds fo:) oknh lwT;k dh vksj ls nhokuh fu;fer vihy la[;k 09@2023 rFkk 10@2023 izLrqr dh x;ha ftuesa vihyk/khu fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 ikfjr djrs gq, vkns'k fn;k x;k fd /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr okn [kkfjt gksus ;ksX; ugha Fkk vkSj bl izdkj fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks vikLr fd;k] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i nksuksa okn iqu% jsLVksj gq,A mDr vkns'k ls O;fFkr gksdj izfroknh dze&7@vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls ;g vihy izLrqr dh x;h gSaA 7- vihy ds yafcr jgus ds nkSjku f'kouxj t;pUniqjk fodkl lfefr ds }kjk vkns'k 1 fu;e 10 lh-ih-lh- dk vkosnu izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd vihykFkhZ dze&1@izfroknh dze&7 }kjk Hkw[k.Mksa ds vkoaVu ds ckn lHkh vkoafV;ksa }kjk mijksDr fodkl lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k gS tks iathd`r gS vkSj bl vk/kkj ij mUgsa i{kdkj cuk;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;k] ftl ij ;g vkosnu Lohdkj djrs gq, fodkl lfefr dks vihykFkhZ dze&2 ds :i esa la;ksftr fd;k x;kA [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (8 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] 8- ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd izfroknh Øe&7 dk vkosnu varxZr vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- vLohdkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj mlds fo:) izfroknh Øe&7 }kjk dksbZ fof/kd mipkj izkIr djus dk iz;kl ugha fd;k x;kA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 151 lh-ih- lh- ds rgr oknh dk okn [kkfjt fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj oknh dh vksj ls vihy izLrqr dh xbZ vkSj mlesa fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; vikLr gqvkA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Li"V gS fd izfroknh Øe&7 vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds vkosnu ij ikfjr vkns'k ls O;fFkr ugha Fkk] ysfdu mlds ckotwn nkSjkus cgl tks vkifRr mBkbZ xbZ gS] ml ij fopkj fd;k tkuk mfpr gksxkA 9- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dh izkjafHkd vkifRr ;g gS fd okn izLrqfr ds le; fookfnr d`f"k Hkwfe oknh vFkok mlds iwoZtksa ds [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkjksa dh ugha Fkh] vr% tc rd bu vf/kdkjksa dh l{ke U;k;ky; ls ?kks"k.kk ugha djkbZ tkos] flfoy U;k;ky; esa okn iks"k.kh; ugha gSA vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa Pyarelal Vs.Shubhendra Pilania (Minor) Through Natural Guardian (Father) Shri Pradeep Kumar Pilania & Ors. 2019(1) WLC (SC) Civil 357 rFkk Vijay Singh & Anr. Vs. Buddha & Ors. 2012(4) RLW 2932 (Raj.) izLrqr fd;s] ftudk llEeku voyksdu fd;kA mijksDr nksuksa ekeyksa esa nkokdrkZ ds [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj fookfnr FksA orZeku ekeys esa oknxzLr Hkwfe oknh dtksM+ ds firk lwT;k ds [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkjksa dh Fkh] bl laca/k esa dksbZ fookn ugha gSA okn izLrqfr ds fnu d`f"k Hkwfe ;fn i'pkr~orhZ Øsrk ds uke jktLo vfHkys[k esa ntZ gks xbZ gS] rks ;g rF; vlaxr gS D;ksafd ftl nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij ukekarj.k gqvk gS] mlh [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (9 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] nLrkost vFkok fookfnr foØ; i= dks pqukSrh oknh }kjk nh xbZ gSA fookfnr foØ; i= dks fujLr djus dh ,dek= vuU; vf/kdkfjrk flfoy U;k;ky; dks gSA orZeku okn ds ek/;e ls oknh izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i ls vius [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkjksa dh ?kks"k.kk ugha pkg jgk gS] fygktk vihykFkhZx.k }kjk mBkbZ xbZ ;g vkifRr fujk/kkj gksdj vLohdkj gksus ;ksX; gSA 10- vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d vU; vkifRr ;g yh xbZ gS fd fookfnr foØ; i= fnukad 25-09-1989 dk gS rFkk okn fnukad 13-01-2014 dks vFkkZr~ 25 o"kZ i'pkr~ izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] tks fuf'pr :i ls ifjlhek vof/k ds ckgj gSA vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa U;kf;d fu.kZ; Mr. Raghwendra Sharan Singh Vs. Ram Prasanna Singh (Dead) by LRS.2019 (2) WLC (SC) Civil 53 izLrqr fd;k] ftldk llEeku voyksdu fd;kA mijksDr U;kf;d fu.kZ; ls lacaf/kr ekeys esa of.kZr vfHkdFkuksa ds vk/kkj ij okn ifjlhek vof/k ls ckgj Fkk] tcfd orZeku ekeys esa oknh dk ;g vfHkdFku gS fd dfFkr fookfnr foØ; i= fnukad 25-09-1989 dks mlds firk ds LFkku ij fdlh vU; O;fDr dks izfr:fir djrs gq, fu"ikfnr djk;k Fkk] ftldh tkudkjh loZizFke o"kZ 2013 esa oknh dks gqbZ vkSj mlds rqjar i'pkr~ fnukad 13-01-2014 dks okn izLrqr dj fn;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk Eldeco Housing and Industries Ltd. Vs. Ashok Vidyarthi and Ors. (2024) 11 SCC 503 o Soumitra Kumar Sen Vs. Shyamal Kumar Sen & Ors. (2018) 5 SCC 644 esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (10 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] vkosnu ij fopkj djrs le; ek= oknh ds vfHkdFkuksa o okni= ds lkFk izLrqr nLrkostksa ij gh fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA 11- orZeku ekeys esa okn esa of.kZr vfHkdFkuksa ds vk/kkj ij okn ifjlhek vof/k ls ckgj ugha gSA oknh ds vfHkdFku ln~Hkkfod gSa vFkok ugha] ;g rF; vkSj fof/k dk fefJr iz'u gS vkSj ;g fcanq lk{; ds mijkar gh fu.khZr gks ldrk gS] vr% bl fcanq ij Hkh vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr oknh dk okn ukeatwj gksus ;ksX; ugha gSA 12- vihykFkhZ Øe&1 o 2 ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dk ,d rdZ ;g gS fd oknh }kjk ,dek= izfroknh Jherh dsljh nsoh dks izfroknh ds :i esa la;ksftr djrs gq, okn izLrqr fd;k x;k] tcfd fnukad 04-05-2009 dks mldh e`R;q gks xbZ Fkh] e`r O;fDr ds fo:) okn iks"k.kh; ugha gS vkSj bl vk/kkj ij ;g okn ukeatwj gksus ;ksX; gSA vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa Cuttack Municipality V. Shyamsundar Behera AIR 1977 Orissa 137 izLrqr fd;k] ftlesa ekuuh; mM+hlk mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd tgka okn izLrqfr ls iwoZ gh izfroknh dh e`R;q gks j[kh gS rks vkns'k 22 fu;e 4 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vfHkys[k ij ugha fy;k tk ldrkA bl fu.kZ; esa vkns'k 1 fu;e 10 lh-ih-lh- ds Ldksi ij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;k FkkA 13- blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk oknh@izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls Karuppaswamy And Others vs C. Ramamurthy (1993) 4 SCC 41 izLrqr djrs gq, fuosnu fd;k fd izfrokfn;k Jherh dsljh nsoh dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh uk rks oknh dks Fkh vkSj uk gh Lo;a izfroknh dze&7 dks Fkh] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g ln~Hkkfod [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (11 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] =qfV gS rFkk vkns'k 1 fu;e 10 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr e`r O;fDr ds LFkku ij mlds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks la;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;g nks"k@=qfV nwj gksus ;ksX; gSA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk mijksDr U;kf;d fu.kZ; esa ;g izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd tgka okn izLrqfr ds le; oknh dks e`rd dh e`R;q ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ugha Fkh] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa vkns'k 1 fu;e 10 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr e`rd ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks i{kdkj ds :i esa la;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk ,sls ekeyksa esa ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 21¼1½ ds izko/kku vkd`"V gksaxsA blds vykok ;s lHkh fcUnq fopkj.k dk fo"k; gSaA 14- orZeku ekeys esa Lo;a izfroknh }kjk Hkh vius tokc nkos esa izfroknh Øe&1 dh e`R;q ds rF; dks mYysf[kr ugha fd;k gS] tks ;g n'kkZrk gS fd mudks Hkh bl rF; dh tkudkjh ugha FkhA oknh i{k }kjk ;g rdZ fn;k x;k gS fd izfroknh Øe&1 Jherh dsljh nsoh dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh mUgsa ugha FkhA dfFkr fookfnr foØ; i= esa mYysf[kr irs ds vk/kkj ij lEeu tkjh djk;s x;s Fks vkSj ml ij Hkh izfroknh Øe&1 dk vuqiyC/k gksuk ik;k x;k gSA mudk ;g Hkh fuosnu gS fd izfroknh Øe&1 Jherh dsljh nsoh ds ckjs esa okLrfod tkudkjh fdlh Hkh i{k dks ugha Fkh vkSj blds vykok Lo;a izfroknh Øe&7 dk fuosnu gS fd Jherh dsljh nsoh }kjk ;g laifRr fnukad 27-05-1996 dks vihykFkhZ dks varfjr dj nh Fkh] bl izdkj rduhdh vkSj fof/kd :i ls os Jherh dsljh nsoh ds vlk;uh gksdj vfHkys[k ij gSa] vr% mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;s lHkh fcUnq Hkh fopkj.k ds nkSjku mBk;s tk ldrs [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (12 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] gSa] ijUrq fdlh Hkh lwjr esa vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- dh ifjf/k esa ugha vkrs gSaA 15- Jherh dsljh nsoh ds vfLrRo vkSj mldh e`R;q vkfn ds ckjs esa rF; fookfnr gSaA oknh ln~Hkkfod jgk gS vFkok ugha] ;g fopkj.k dk fo"k; gSA vkns'k 22 fu;e 4 lh-ih-lh- ds izko/kku mlh le; ykxw gksrs gSa] tc okn izLrqfr ds mijkar lacaf/kr i{k dh e`R;q gqbZ gksA ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd dfFkr vk{ksi nwj djus gsrq oknh dh vksj ls vkns'k 1 fu;e 10 lh-ih-lh- dk vkosnu izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mijksDr foospukuqlkj izfroknh Øe&7@vihykFkhZ Øe&1 o 2 dk rdZ Lohdkj ;ksX; ugha gSA 16- fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k vihykFkhZx.k dk ,d vU; rdZ ;g jgk gS fd fnukad 27-04-2025 dks izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds vihykFkhZ@oknh dtksM+ dh e`R;q gks pqdh Fkh rFkk vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 dks ikfjr gqvk gS] vr% vihyh; U;k;ky; dk vihyk/khu fu.kZ; fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa ds vHkko esa e`r O;fDr ds i{k esa gksus ls 'kwU; vkSj vizHkkoh gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d fu.kZ; Gopal Lal V/s Smt. Amba Bai & Ors. RLR 1998(2) 557 esa e`r O;fDr ds fo:) fMØh ikfjr gqbZ Fkh] tcfd orZeku ekeys esa e`r O;fDr@oknh ds i{k esa fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 dks ikfjr gqvk gS rFkk oknh i{k dks bl fu.kZ; ls dksbZ vkifRr ugha gSA 17- bl laca/k esa fo}ku vf/koDrk oknh dh vksj ls U;kf;d n`"Vkar Tetar Devi And Ors. Vs Buchia And Ors. 1986 (34) [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (13 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] BLJR 173 izLrqr fd;k] ftldk iSjk la[;k&2 lqlaxr gS] tks fuEukuqlkj gS%& "2. The point involved is in a narrow compass. Plaintiff No. 2 Janki Sao had died when the suit was still pending in the trial Court. The suit was decreed without making the heirs of the deceased plaintiff party. The original defendant appealed impleading the deceased plaintiffs as respondent. The appeal, however, failed endowing the deceased plaintiff with a favourable decree. In this Court the heirs of the deceased plaintiff have been substituted and have been noticed. The only ground urged is that the appeal and the suit have abated, because the decrees have been passed in favour of a dead person. In my view, if a decree is passed in favour of a dead person, the decree need not be set aside. It is only in case where the decrees are passed against a dead person that such question arises and that too such decrees are voidable at the instance of the heirs of the deceased party. They can either refuse to contest the decree or they can be made parties at any stage of the proceeding and it can be done in this Court or the matter be remanded to the lower Appellate Court for that purpose and rehearing. This is the state of law now, in view of the recent Supreme Court decision in the case of N. Jayram Reddi v. Rev. Divisional Officer. Interpreting this decision I hold that the decree in favour of the dead person cannot result in setting aside of the decree. 18- ekuuh; dsjy mPp U;k;ky; }kjk K.V.gopalan Vs Nandini Narayanan & Ors. 2015(4) Civil Court cases 0559 esa ;g izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd e`r O;fDr ds i{k esa ikfjr fMØh dk ekeyk e`r O;fDr ds fo:) ikfjr fMØh ls fHkUu gSA tgka e`r i{kdkj ds i{k esa dksbZ fMØh ikfjr gqbZ gS vkSj muds fof/kd [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (14 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] izfrfuf/k;ksa dh vksj ls dksbZ vkifRr ugha dh xbZ gS rks ,slh fMØh dks 'kwU; ugha ekuk tk ldrk] bl laca/k esa mijksDr fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k&35 o 38 lqlaxr gSa] tks fuEukuqlkj gSa%& "35. On a reading of the above decisions and literature on the subject, it becomes clear that while a decree passed against a dead person is generally treated as nullity (though not invariably in all cases), the position is different in a case where a decree is passed in favour of a dead person. Decisions are consistent in holding that in the latter case the passing of such a decree is only an irregularity and not an illegality. A collateral attack on the basis of such a decree has no sanction of law. It binds the parties and continues to exist in law unless got rid of as per law. Such a decree cannot be ignored as if it is void or is a nullity.

38. One aspect needs to be noticed. There is an ocean of difference between a case where judgment is passed against or in favour of a dead person who was alive at the time when the lis commenced and a Judgment passed against or in favour of a person who was dead on the date on which the lis commenced. In the latter case, the court had no jurisdiction on the, dead person. If there is instant want of jurisdiction over person or subject matter of lis or if the court loose its jurisdiction over either during the pendency of list the judgment is treated as void and treated as void collaterally also. 19- mijksDr nksuksa U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk dks ns[krs gq, tc e`r oknh i{k dh vksj ls izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks mijksDr vk/kkj ij pqukSrh ugha nh xbZ gS] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 dks 'kwU; vkSj vizHkkoh ugha ekuk tk ldrkA blds vykok ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd oknh dh [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (15 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] e`R;q fnukad 27-04-2025 dks gqbZ Fkh] 90 fnu ds vanj ;fn fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vfHkys[k ij ugha yk;k tkrk gS] rks vihy vcsV gks ldrh Fkh] ijarq 90 fnu dh vof/k iw.kZ gksus ls iwoZ 12 fnu ds vanj gh fnukad 09-05-2025 dks vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; ikfjr gks pqdk Fkk] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds le{k yafcr vihy la[;k&09@2023 rFkk 10@2023 mi'kfer gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA Kashinath Mishra and Ors. Vs. Lokenath Mohapatra and Ors. AIR 1961 Ori 85 esa ;g O;oLFkk izfrikfnr dh xbZ gS fd i{kdkj dh e`R;q ds 90 fnu ds vanj okn vFkok vihy fu.khZr gks pqdh gS rks mls vcsV gksuk ugha ekuk ldrk] bl laca/k esa mijksDr fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k&2 dk vkaf'kd Hkkx lqlaxr gS] tks fuEukuqlkj gS%& ".............It is clear that the appeal was disposed of within 90 days from the date of death of respondent No 2 (defendant No. 2). The plaintiffs-appellants in law had the right to apply for substitution within 90 days from the date of death of one of the respondents. Before that right had been extinct, that is before the lapse of 90 days from the date of death, the appeal was heard and judgment delivered. It cannot, therefore, be said that the has abated. I am not prepared to accept that the decree passed is to be deemed a nullity. It is to be mentioned here that defendants 1 and 3 to 10 while filing this appeal have made the legal representatives of defendant No. 2 parties to this appeal. I must observe that even though the decree passed by the lower appellate Court cannot be treated as a nullity as the appeal had not abated, it is manifest that the said decree cannot be binding against the legal representatives of deceased [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (16 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] defendant No. 2. The legal representatives therefore have got the right to support the judgment of the trial Court. They must therefore be given an opportunity I of being heard." 20- mijksDr foospukuqlkj izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; fnukafdr 09-05-2025 e`r O;fDr ds i{k eas gksus ls 'kwU; gks] ;g rdZ Lohdkj ;ksX; ugha gSA 21- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dk ,d vU; vk{ksi ;g gS fd oknh }kjk ,dek= izfrokfn;k Jherh dsljh nsoh dks izfroknh ds :i esa la;ksftr djrs gq, okn izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] tcfd mldh e`R;q gks j[kh Fkh] ;g Hkwfe izfroknh dze&7 }kjk t;iqj fodkl izkf/kdj.k dks lefiZr dj nh x;h Fkh rFkk /kkjk 90ch Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e ds rgr dk;Zokgh gksdj lfefr ds lnL;ksa dks iV~Vs Hkh tkjh gks pqds Fks] ysfdu bu lHkh rF;ksa dks Nqikrs gq, fodz;i= fu"ikfnr gksus ds 25 o"kZ i'pkr feF;k vk/kkjksa ij rFkk nqHkkZoukiwoZd okn izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa] oknh LoPN gkFkksa ls U;k;ky; ds le{k ugha vk;k Fkk] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr okn [kkfjt fd;k tkuk mfpr Fkk] bl laca/k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks fof/k&lEer gksuk crkrs gq, izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; vikLr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk oknh@izR;FkhZ dk fuosnu gS fd dksbZ Hkh okn vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr gh ukeatwj gks ldrk gS] mlds LFkku ij /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] vius rdksaZ ds leFkZu esa U;kf;d fu.kZ; My Palace Mutually Aided Cooperative Society Vs. B. Mahesh & Ors. (2022) 12 Scale 230 izLrqr fd;kA mijksDr fu.kZ; esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd tgka [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (17 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] fdlh iz;kstu ds fy, lh-ih-lh- esa izko/kku fd;k x;k gS rks mlds laca/k esa /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 22- blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr Temple of Thakur Shri Mathuradassji, Chhota Bhandar Vs. Kanhaiyalal & Ors. RLR 2008 (3) 226 esa bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB }kjk rFkk Dahiben Vs. Arvindbhai Kalyanji Bhanusali (Gajra) Dead & through legal representatives and others (2020) 7 SCC 366 ds ekeys esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g O;oLFkk izfrikfnr dh gS fd tgka nkok feF;k vkSj rax djus okyk ¼Vexatious½ gS rks mfpr ekeyksa esa /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Hkh okn [kkfjt fd;k tk ldrk gSA 23- nksuksa i{kksa dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk ds lanHkZ esa vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;kA 24- orZeku ekeys esa oknh dk ;g vfHkdFku gS fd mlds firk ds LFkku ij fdlh vU; O;fDr dks izfr:fir djrs gq, izfroknh dze&1 Jherh dsljh nsoh ds i{k esa fookfnr fodz;i= fu"ikfnr djk;k x;k gSA ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd Jherh dsljh nsoh dk e`R;q izek.k i= vo'; izLrqr gqvk gS] ysfdu mldh dksbZ tkudkjh oknh vFkok izfroknh dze&7 dks ugha gks ik;h gS] lEeu tkjh fd;s x;s] ijUrq vafdr irs ij og miyC/k ugha feyh gSA Jherh dsljh nsoh ds vfLrRo ds laca/k esa Hkh xaHkhj iz'u U;k;ky; ds le{k gS] vihykFkhZ&izfroknh dze&7 }kjk fodz; vuqca/k@izfrKk&i= ds ek/;e ls oknxzLr lEifRr Jherh dsljh nsoh ls [kjhndj t;iqj [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (18 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] fodkl izkf/kdj.k dks lefiZr djus dk rF; izdV fd;k gSA vihykFkhZ&lfefr ds i{k esa fnukad 27-05-1996 dks tks fodz; vuqca/k gksuk crk;k gS] og viathd`r nLrkost gS ftlesa izfrQy jkf'k 7]00]000@& :i;s mYysf[kr dh x;h gS] bl laca/k esa oknh i{k dk ;g cpkko jgk gS fd fodz; vuqca/k ek= ds vk/kkj ij izfroknh dze&7 dks lEifRr vUrfjr ugha gksrh gS] bl fodz; vuqca/k ds laca/k esa Hkh oknh i{k dh xaHkhj vkifRr gSA 25- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk Rajendra Nagar Adarsh Grah Nirman Sahkari Samiti Vs. State of Raj. (2013) 11 SCC 1 ds ekeys esa ;g O;oLFkk izfrikfnr dh gS fd 100@& :i;s ls vf/kd ewY; dh vpy lEifRr dk vUrj.k viathd`r nLrkost ds ek/;e ls ugha gks ldrk gSA mijksDr fof/kd fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, vihykFkhZx.k ds fof/kd vf/kdkj Hkh lkjoku :i ls pqukSrhxzLr gSa vkSj blds laca/k esa fu"i{k fopkj.k gksuk vko';d gS] tcfd vihykFkhZx.k vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 lh-ih-lh- vFkok 151 lh-ih- lh- ds ek/;e ls ;sudsu okn dks ukeatwj djokdj fopkj.k ls cpus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSaA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls tks Hkh vkifRr;ka yh x;h gSa] os rF;ksa o fof/k dk fefJr iz'u gSa] ftudk fu.kZ; lk{; ds mijkUr gh gks ldrk gSA bl LVst ij oknh dk okn rax djus okyk vFkok rqPN gks] ;g fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyk tk ldrk] vr% fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZx.k dh ;g vkifRr Hkh Lohdkj ;ksX; ugha gSA 26- mijksDr foospu ls ;g Li"V gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- ds rgr oknh dk okn [kkfjt fd;k tkuk fof/klEer ugha Fkk] fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; rF;ksa o [2025:RJ-JP:37519] (19 of 19) [CMA-2392/2025] fof/k ds vuq:i gS] ftlesa dksbZ vfu;ferrk] voS/kkfudrk ugha gS] vr% nksuksa vihysa [kkfjt gksus rFkk izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vihy la[;k 9@23 rFkk 10@23 esa ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 iq"V gksus ;ksX; gSA 27- fo}ku vf/koDrk oknh i{k dk ;g fuosnu gS fd ;su&dsu izfroknh dze&7 vkSj mlds lnL; izdj.k dks foyfEcr dj ekSds ij voS/k :i ls fuekZ.k dk;Z dj jgs gSa] vr% bl laca/k esa LFkxu vkns'k tkjh fd;k tkos] bl ckcr~ mUgksaus dfFkr :i ls ekSds ij py jgs fuekZ.k dk;Z laca/kh QksVksxzkQ~l Hkh izLrqr fd;sA 28- orZeku nksuksa vihyas [kkfjt gksus ds i'pkr fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa okn dk fopkj.k gksuk gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk dksbZ LFkxu vkns'k ikfjr fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gS] oknh i{k fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k bl izdkj dk fuosnu@vkosnu djus gsrq Lora= gSA ;fn ,slk dksbZ fuosnu@vkosnu fd;k tkrk gS rks fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk gh fcuk fdlh vuqfpr foyEc ds nksuksa i{kksa dks lqudj fof/klEer vkns'k ikfjr fd;k tkosxkA 29- mijksDr foospukuqlkj orZeku nksuksa vihysa [kkfjt dh tkrh gSa rFkk izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vihy la[;k 09@2023 rFkk 10@2023 esa ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 09-05-2025 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSaA LFkxu izkFkZuk i= Hkh mDr izdkj ls [kkfjt le>s tkosaA Mittal /Res. (UMA SHANKER VYAS),J