BENCH AT JAIPUR v. Kanhaiya Lal

PLAINTIFF/RESPONDENT:- Versus

1. Kanhaiya Lal son of Bandya Ram, resident of Khoh, Tehsil Rajgarh, District Alwar. PROFORMA RESPONDENTS:-

2. Bhonriya son of Duda, resident of Khoh, Tehsil Rajgarh, District Alwar.

3. Bodya Khan @ Yakub Khan S/o Kana Khan @ Muneer Khan, resident of Khoh, Tehsil Rajgarh, District Alwar. For Appellant(s) : Mr. Nitin Jain, Adv. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Rajesh Parashar, Adv. HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE UMA SHANKER VYAS 18/09/2025 Judgment vihykFkhZ&izfroknh dze&1 dh vksj ls ;g f}rh; vihy vUrxZr /kkjk 100 lh-ih-lh- fo}ku vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k jktx<+ ¼vyoj½ }kjk nhokuh [2025:RJ-JP:38197] (2 of 6) [CSA-989/2011] fu;fer vihy la[;k 24@2002 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 21-09-2011 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh gS ftlds ek/;e ls izfroknh Øe&1 dh vihy [kkfjt djrs gq, fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼d0[k0½ jktx<+ ¼vyoj½ }kjk nhokuh okn la[;k 34@240@94 esa ikfjr fu.kZ;@fMØh fnukad 25-09-2002 dh iqf"V dh x;h] ftlds ek/;e ls oknh dk okn fMØh djrs gqq, vihykFkhZ&izfroknh Øe&1 dks oknh ds ckM+s ds iwoZ esa dCtk;h xbZ tehu dks nks ekg ds vanj [kkyh dj oknh dks laHkyk, tkus dk vkns'k fn;k x;kA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ rFkk izR;FkhZ dh cgl lquhA pwafd ;g f}rh; flfoy vihy gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa tc rd fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u varoZfyr ugha gks] rc rd lquokbZ gsrq xzg.k ugha dh tk ldrh gS rFkk fopkj.k o vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk tks fu"d"kZ fn;k x;k gS] mlesa lkekU; :i ls gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Boodireddy Chandraiah and Ors. Versus Arigda Laxmi and Anr. AIR 2008 SC 380 ds iSjk la[;k 13 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& "13. The general rule is that High Court will not interfere with concurrent findings of the Courts below. But it is not an absolute rule. Some of the well recognized exceptions are where (i) the courts below have ignored material evidence or acted on no evidence; (ii) the courts have drawn wrong inferences from proved facts by applying the law erroneously; or (iii) the courts have wrongly cast the burden of proof. When we refer to 'decision based on no evidence', it not only refers to cases where there is a total dearth of evidence, but also refers to any case, where the evidence, taken as a whole, is not reasonably capable of supporting the finding." ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk vU; U;kf;d fu.kZ; Gurnam Singh vs. Lehna Singh 2019 (7) SCC 641 esa Hkh mijksDr er O;Dr djrs gq, ;g [2025:RJ-JP:38197] (3 of 6) [CSA-989/2011] vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd f}rh; vihy esa lk{; dk iqu% fo'ys"k.k o foospu vuqKs; ugha gS] mijksDr fu.kZ; dk lqlaxr Hkkx fuEukuqlkj gS%& "Before parting with the present judgment, we remind the High Courts that the jurisdiction of the High Court, in an appeal under Section 100 CPC, is strictly confined to the case involving substantial question of law and while deciding the second appeal under Section 100 CPC, it is not permissible for the High Court to reappreciate the evidence on record and interfere with the findings recorded by the courts below and/or the first appellate court and if the first appellate court has exercised its discretion in a judicial manner, its decision cannot be recorded as suffering from an error either of law or of procedure requiring interference in second appeal. We have noticed and even as repeatedly observed by this Court and even in Narayanan Rajendran v. Lekshmy Sarojini [Narayanan Rajendran v. Lekshmy Sarojini, (2009) 5 SCC 264 : (2009) 2 SCC (Civ) 500] , despite the catena of decisions of this Court and even the mandate under Section 100 CPC, the High Courts under Section 100 CPC are disturbing the concurrent findings of facts and/or even the findings recorded by the first appellate court, either without formulating the substantial question of law or on framing erroneous substantial question of law." fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u D;k gksxk] bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Santosh Hazari Versus Purushottam Tiwari (Dead) by L.Rs AIR 2001 SC 965 ds iSjk la[;k&12 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS%& "12. The phrase 'substantial question of law', as occurring in the amended Section 100 is not defined in the Code. The word substantial, as qualifying 'question of law', means — of having substance, essential, real, of sound worth, important or considerable. It is to be understood as something in contradistinction with — technical, of [2025:RJ-JP:38197] (4 of 6) [CSA-989/2011] no substance or consequence, or academic merely. However, it is clear that the legislature has chosen not to qualify the scope of 'substantial question of law' by suffixing the words “of general importance” as has been done in many other provisions such as Section 109 of the Code or Article 133(1)(a) of the Constitution. The substantial question of law on which a second appeal shall be heard need not necessarily be a substantial question of law of general importance. In Guran Ditta v. T. Ram Ditta [AIR 1928 PC 172 : 55 IA 235] , the phrase 'substantial question of law' as it was employed in the last clause of the then existing Section 110 CPC (since omitted by the Amendment Act, 1973) came up for consideration and their Lordships held that it did not mean a substantial question of general importance but a substantial question of law which was involved in the case as between the parties......" orZeku ekeys esa vkns'k 41 fu;e 27 lhihlh dk vkosnu is'k gksdj yafcr gS] oknxzLr Hkwfe ds LokfeRo ds laca/k esa fookn gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ@izfroknh Øe&1 dk fuosnu gS fd oknxzLr Hkwfe izfroknh Øe&2 HkkSj;k dh iês'kqnk Fkh] tks izfroknh Øe&1 }kjk [kjhn dh xbZ] iwoZ esa ;g iêk fopkj.k vFkok vihyh; U;k;ky; esa izLrqr ugha fd;k tk ldk Fkk] lqlaxr nLrkost gS] vr% vfHkys[k ij fy;k tkosA blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ&oknh dk fuosnu gS fd HkkSj;k ls ;g Hkwfe izfroknh Øe&1 }kjk [kjhnh xbZ gks] ,slk dksbZ foØ; i= is'k ugha gqvk gS] nLrkost iwoZ esa is'k ugha fd, tkus ckcr~ dksbZ mfpr dkj.k ugha crk;k x;k gS] var esa nLrkost vlaxr gksuk crkrs gq, vkosnu [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;kA nksuksa i{kksa ds rdksZa ds lanHkZ esa vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA ewy okn o"kZ 1994 ls yafcr gSA oknxzLr laifRr ds LokfeRo ds laca/k esa nksuksa i{kksa ds chp esa lkjoku iz'u varxzZLr Fkk vkSj bldh tkudkjh i{kdkjksa dks Fkh] tks iêk orZeku vkosnu ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] og okn izLrqrh ds 21 o"kZ ds i'pkr~ izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] iwoZ esa iV~Vk izLrqr [2025:RJ-JP:38197] (5 of 6) [CSA-989/2011] ugha fd, tkus dk dksbZ mfpr dkj.k ugha crk;k x;k gSA iêk izfroknh Øe&2 HkkSj;k ds uke dk gS] HkkSj;k ls vihykFkhZ&izfroknh Øe&1 }kjk ;g laifRr [kjhnh xbZ gks] ,slk dksbZ iathd`r foØ; foys[k ;k vU; dksbZ nLrkost izLrqr ugha gqvk gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa mijksDr nLrkost dks vfHkys[k ij fy;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA vr% vkns'k 41 fu;e 27 lhihlh dk vkosnu [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ&izfroknh dze&1 }kjk ;g rdZ fn;k x;k fd fo}ku fopkj.k o vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk miyC/k lk{; o lkexzh ij xkSj fd, fcuk vihyk/khu fu.kZ; ikfjr fd, gSa] ftuesa rF;ksa o fof/k dh xaHkhj =qfV gS] vr% vihy Lohdkj dj oknh dk okn [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ&oknh }kjk ;g rdZ fn;k x;k gS fd orZeku vihy f}rh; vihy gS] ftlesa lk{; o lkexzh dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa foospu vuqer ugha gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk miyC/k nLrkosth o ekSf[kd lk{; rFkk Lo;a izfroknh Øe&1 dh LohdkjksfDr ds vk/kkj ij fof/k vuqlkj vihyk/khu fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gS] var esa vihy [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;kA iwoksZDr U;kf;d nq"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk o f}rh; vihy ds Ldksi vkfn ds lanHkZ esa vfHkys[k ij miyC/k lkexzh o lk{; dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu fd;k x;kA lqlaxr rF; ;g gS fd fookfnr LFky dks izR;FkhZ@oknh dUgS;kyky }kjk vius LokfeRo dh gksuk crkrs gq, tkfgj fd;k fd mlds ckM+s ds iwohZ Hkkx ij izfroknhx.k }kjk uktk;t dCtk dj fy;k gS] ftls gVk, tkus ckcr vkKkid LFkk;h O;kns'k ikfjr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;kA izfroknhx.k us fookfnr LFky dks oknh ds ckM+s dk Hkkx ugha gksuk crkrs gq, ,oa mls [kqyk LFkku crkdj nkok [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;kA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk iwoZ esa i{kdkjksa ds chp esa gq, jkthukek izn'kZ&2 ds vk/kkj ij ;g vfHker izdV fd;k x;k gS fd Lo;a izfroknh i{k us bl nLrkost ds ek/;e ls fookfnr LFky dks oknh dk ckM+k gksuk Lohdkj fd;k gSA izn'kZ&2 jkthukes ds laca/k esa i{kdkjksa ds chp esa dksbZ [2025:RJ-JP:38197] (6 of 6) [CSA-989/2011] fookn ugha gS] ysfdu bu mYysf[kr rF;ksa ds foijhr orZeku tokc nkos esa ckM+s dks [kqyk LFkku crk;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa mlds vfHkdFku iwoZorhZ LohdkjksfDr ls fojks/kkHkklh gksuk ekurs gq, nksuksa i{kksa dh ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; ij fopkj djus ds mijkar fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk oknh dk nkok mijksDrkuqlkj fMØh fd;k x;k gS] ftldh iqf"V fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk dh xbZ gSA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk vfHkys[k ij miyC/k rF;] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa LohdkjksfDr vkfn dh vuns[kh dh gks vFkok tks rF; vfHkys[k ij miyC/k ugha gksa] mu ij fopkj fd;k x;k gks ;k lkfcr rF;ksa ds laca/k esa dksbZ xyr vfHker izdV fd;k x;k gks] ,slk n`f"Vxr ugha gksrk gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; rFkk fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk miyc/k lkexzh dk lgh :i ls fo'ys"k.k ,oa foospu fd;k gS] nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa dk leorhZ rF;kRed fu"d"kZ jgk gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa mijksDr vihyk/khu fu.kZ;ksa esa gLr{ksi fd, tkus dk dksbZ fof/klEer o mfpr vk/kkj ugha gS rFkk orZeku ekeys esa dksbZ fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u Hkh varxzZLr ugha gSA vr% laiw.kZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, vihyk/khu fu.kZ; dh iqf"V dh tkdj ;g f}rh; vihy [kkfjt dh tkrh gSA LFkxu vkosnu o vU; vkosnu] ;fn dksbZ yafcr gksa] rks os Hkh mDrkuqlkj fuLrkfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA RAHUL KUMAR KHANDELWAL /16 (UMA SHANKER VYAS),J