The State of Rajasthan v. For

ds- vxzoky ¼ih-MCyw&10½ tks rRle; vius firk ds lkFk feydj enj Vsjslk uflaZx gkse] vyoj dk lapkyu dj jgk Fkk] dk ;g vkjksi gS fd vfHk;qDr egkohj izlkn rRle; uxj ifj"kn] vyoj esa x`g dj fu/kkZjd Fkk rFkk mlds }kjk fnukad 21-02-1994 dks gkml VSDl dh x.kuk de djrs gq, mldh ,ot esa oS/k ikfjJfed ds vykok fj'or dh ekax dhA ;g Hkh vkjksi gS fd fnukad 21-02-1994 dks izLrkfor dj fu/kkZj.k dh x.kuk dh iphZ vfHk;qDr }kjk ifjoknh ds ?kj ij nh] ysfdu fj'or dh ekax ij ifjoknh lger gks x;k rks mDr iphZ vfHk;qDr }kjk rRle; QkM+ nh tks ifjoknh }kjk MLVfcu esa Qsad nh vkSj vfHk;qDr ds tkus ds i'pkr mls fudkydj fpidkrs gq, lqjf{kr j[k yhA fnukad 06-03-1994 dks ifjoknh] vfHk;qDr ds ?kj x;k] ftl ij vfHk;qDr us fnukad 06-03-1994 dks ifjoknh ds ?kj vkdj ckr djuk r; fd;kA vfHk;qDr us mijksDr iz;kstu ds fy, ifjoknh ds ?kj vkdj fj'or jkf'k 2]000@& :i;s dh ekax dh] mlls iwoZ ifjoknh }kjk ;kstukc) rjhds ls vius firk o ukSdj ds lkeus rFkk mudh [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (3 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] mifLFkfr esa Vsi pkyw j[kk Fkk ftlesa ekax dk rF; fjdkMZ fd;k x;kA mijksDr ?kVukdze ds mijkUr fnukad 07-03-1994 dks ifjoknh }kjk fj'or jkf'k ugha nsus vkSj vfHk;qDr ds fo:) ^^vf/kfu;e&1988^^ ds rgr dk;Zokgh djus ds vk'k; ls C;wjks ds vf/kdkjh Vh-,y-vks- Jh yfyr ekgs'ojh ls lEidZ dj ,d fyf[kr fjiksVZ] fjdkMZ dh x;h dSlsV rFkk QVh gqbZ iphZ lkSaihA vfHk;kstu dgkuh ;g Hkh gS fd mlh fnu vFkkZr fnukad 07-03-1994 dks C;wjks }kjk ifjoknh ls 100&100 :i;s ds 20 uksV eaxokdj ml ij fQukWQ~Fkyhu ikmMj yxokdj Vh-,y- vks- }kjk gLrk{kj dj vfHk;qDr dks mlds dk;kZy; esa tkdj lkSaius gsrq fn;sA Lora= xokg ftus'k tSu ¼ih-MCyw&4½ dks ifjoknh ds lkFk tkdj vfHk;qDr dks fj'or jkf'k nsuk r; fd;k rFkk C;wjks ds deZpkjh rFkk vU; Lora= xokg izlUu dqekj ¼ih-MCyw&3½ }kjk ekSds ij jguk o b'kkjk feyus ij VªSi ikVhZ }kjk dk;Zokgh djuk r; fd;kA vfHk;kstu dgkuh ;g Hkh jgh gS fd vfHk;qDr us ifjoknh vkSj ftus'k tSu ds igqapus ij 2]000@& :i;s fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dh] ifjoknh us fQuksQ~Fkyhu ikmMj yxs gq, 100&100 :i;s ds 20 uksV ftus'k tSu dks fn;s tks vfHk;qDr us vius isaV dh tsc esa j[k fy;sA ftus'k tSu }kjk ckgj tkdj ;kstuk ds vuqlkj b'kkjk fd;k rks fujh{kd galjkt ih-MCyw&6 lfgr tkCrk vUnj igqapk] ysfdu vfHk;qDr dks Hkud yxus ij tkCrs ds igqapus ls iwoZ gh vFkok lekukUrj fj'or jkf'k Q'kZ ij Qsad nh] uxj ifj"kn ds deZpkfj;ksa us ekSds ij vkdj C;wjks ds deZpkfj;ksa ls >xMk izkjEHk dj fn;kA dfFkr :i ls ekSds [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (4 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] ij vlkekU; fLFkfr gks x;h vkSj eqyfte ekSds ls Hkkx x;k ftl ij iqfyl Fkkuk&dksrokyh dks tkCrs ds lkFk ekjihV ds laca/k esa fjiksVZ nh vkSj fj'or jkf'k ftus'k tSu ¼ih-MCyw&4½ us mBkdj vius ikl j[kh] tks iqfyl Fkkuk&dksrokyh ij ykdj tCr dh rFkk mlh fnu iqfyl Fkkuk&dksrokyh ds ,l-,p-vks- lfgr vU; yksxksa us vfHk;qDr ds ?kj tkdj dfFkr :i ls ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;qDr }kjk iguh gq, isaV o 'kVZ tCr dh tks vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij gh jklk;fud ijh{k.k gsrq /kqyok;h x;h rks mudk xqykch jax gks x;kA fnukad 07-03-1994 dks gh vfHk;qDr ds dk;kZy; tkdj ifjoknh ds x`g dj fu/kkZj.k ls lacaf/kr i=koyh tCr dj C;wjks ds dCts esa yh x;hA dkykUrj esa vfHk;qDr dks fxjQ~rkj fd;k rFkk vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr izkIr dh vkSj cdk;k vuqla/kku ds mijkUr vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vkjksi i= izLrqr fd;kA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks ^^vf/kfu;e&1988^^ dh /kkjk 7 ,oa /kkjk 13¼1½¼Mh½ lifBr /kkjk 13¼2½ ds vkjksi ls vkjksfir fd;k ftl ij vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk 12 xokgku dks ijhf{kr djk;k] vfHk;qDr ds dFku vUrxZr /kkjk 313 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ys[kc) fd;s x;s rFkk vihyk/khu fu.kZ; ds ek/;e ls mijksDrkuqlkj vfHk;qDr dks nks"kfl) dj nafMr fd;k ftlls O;fFkr gksdj ;g vihy o"kZ 2002 esa izLrqr dh x;hA fo}ku ofj"B vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk ;g rdZ fn;k fd orZeku ekeys esa dfFkr Vªsi ds le; vfHk;qDr ds ikl ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z yafcr ugha Fkk] dj fu/kkZj.k dh fVIi.kh [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (5 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] mlds }kjk igys ls gh ikfjr dh tk pqdh Fkh] vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or jkf'k dh ekax vkSj Lohd`fr nksuksa dk rF; izekf.kr ugha gS] Lora= vkSj Nk;k lk{khx.k }kjk vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh iqf"V ugha dh x;h gS] dfFkr Vsi o dSlsV dk dksbZ :ikUrj.k izLrqr ugha gqvk gS] vfHk;qDr ls dksbZ fj'or jkf'k cjken ugha gqbZ gS] oLrqr% mls ifjoknh }kjk vuqfpr izHkko Mkyrs gq, feF;k :i ls vkfyIr fd;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk rF;ksa o dkuwu ds foijhr tkdj vuko';d :i ls HkkoukRed o vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDr dks vihyk/khu fu.kZ; ds ek/;e ls nks"kfl) fd;k x;k gS] tks vikLr gksus ;ksX; gSA blds foijhr fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk rdZ fn;k fd vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vijk/k dkfjr fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa izR;{k vkSj ijks{k lk{;] gsrqd vkSj vU; lkexzh vfHkys[k ij miyC/k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa vihyk/khu fu.kZ; iq"V djrs gq, ;g vihy [kkfjt fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA tgka rd vfHk;qDr ds fo:) fj'or jkf'k dh ekax o Lohd`fr dk iz'u gS] bl laca/k esa rF;kRed fLFkfr ij fopkj djus ls iwoZ fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk fof/kd fLFkfr ds laca/k esa izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dk llEeku voyksdu fd;kA U;kf;d n`"VkUr B. Jayaraj Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh (2014) 13 SCC 55 dk lqlaxr iSjk 7 o 9 fuEukuqlkj gS& "7. In so far as the offence under Section 7 is concerned, it is a settled position in law that demand of illegal gratification is sine qua non to constitute the said offence and mere recovery of currency notes cannot constitute the offence under [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (6 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] Section 7 unless it is proved beyond all reasonable doubt that the accused voluntarily accepted the money knowing it to be a bribe. The above position has been succinctly laid down in several judgments of this Court. By way of illustration reference may be made to the decision in C.M. Sharma Vs. State of A.P.[2] and C.M. Girish Babu Vs. C.B.I.[3].

9. In so far as the presumption permissible to be drawn under Section 20 of the Act is concerned, such presumption can only be in respect of the offence under Section 7 and not the offences under Section 13(1)(d)(i)(ii) of the Act. In any event, it is only on proof of acceptance of illegal gratification that presumption can be drawn under Section 20 of the Act that such gratification was received for doing or forbearing to do any official act. Proof of acceptance of illegal gratification can follow only if there is proof of demand. As the same is lacking in the present case the primary facts on the basis of which the legal presumption under Section 20 can be drawn are wholly absent. " blh izdkj P. Satyanarayana Murthy Vs. Dist. Inspector of Police And Anr. AIR 2015 SC 3549 ds iSjk la[;k&18] 19 rFkk 20 lqlaxr gSa tks fuEukuqlkj gSa& "18. This Court in A. Subair vs. State of Kerala (2009)6 SCC 587, while dwelling on the purport of the statutory prescription of Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) of the Act ruled that the prosecution has to prove the charge thereunder beyond reasonable doubt like any other criminal offence and that the accused should be considered to be innocent till it is established otherwise by proper proof of demand and acceptance of illegal gratification, which are vital ingredients necessary to be proved to record a conviction.

19. In State of Kerala and another vs. C.P. Rao (2011) 6 SCC 450, this Court, [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (7 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] reiterating its earlier dictum, vis-à-vis the same offences, held that mere recovery by itself, would not prove the charge against the accused and in absence of any evidence to prove payment of bribe or to show that the accused had voluntarily accepted the money knowing it to be bribe, conviction cannot be sustained.

20. In a recent enunciation by this Court to discern the imperative pre- requisites of Sections 7 and 13 of the Act, it has been underlined in B. Jayaraj (supra) in unequivocal terms, that mere possession and recovery of currency notes from an accused without proof of demand would not establish an offence under Sections 7 as well as 13(1)(d)(i)&(ii) of the Act. It has been propounded that in the absence of any proof of demand for illegal gratification, the use of corrupt or illegal means or abuse of position as a public servant to obtain any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage cannot be held to be proved. The proof of demand, thus, has been held to be an indispensable essentiality and of permeating mandate for an offence under Sections 7 and 13 of the Act. Qua Section 20 of the Act, which permits a presumption as envisaged therein, it has been held that while it is extendable only to an offence under Section 7 and not to those under Section 13(1)(d)(i)&(ii) of the Act, it is contingent as well on the proof of acceptance of illegal gratification for doing or forbearing to do any official act. Such proof of acceptance of illegal gratification, it was emphasized, could follow only if there was proof of demand. Axiomatically, it was held that in absence of proof of demand, such legal presumption under Section 20 of the Act would also not arise." ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk mijksDr fu.kZ;ksa esa tks O;oLFkk izfrikfnr dh x;h gS] mlds vuqlkj ;g Li"V gS fd yksdlsod vfHk;qDr ls jkf'k cjken gksuk i;kZIr ugha gS] vfirq [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (8 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] fj'or ds :i esa vfHk;qDr }kjk ifjoknh dks vuqfpr ykHk igqapkus ds mn~ns'; ls fj'or jkf'k dh ekax vkSj mldh Lohd`fr vko';d gSA tgka rd orZeku ekeys esa fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dk iz'u gS] ifjoknh MkW- ds-ds- vxzoky ¼xokg ih-MCyw&10½ }kjk ;g l'kiFk dFku fd;k gS fd vfHk;qDr }kjk fnukad 21-02-1994 dks mlds ?kj ij vkdj x`g dj fu/kkZj.k dh x.kuk gsrq iphZ cuk;h Fkh] ckn esa vfHk;qDr }kjk Qk;nk igqapkus ds vuqdze esa fj'or jkf'k dh ekax djrs gq, ;g iphZ QkM nh tks ifjoknh us laHkkydj lqjf{kr j[k yhA rRi'pkr fnukad 06-03-1994 dks mlus vfHk;qDr ds ?kj tkdj lEidZ fd;k rFkk ;kstuk ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr us ifjoknh ds ?kj 'kke dks vkdj ckrphr djuk r; fd;k] ml le; ifjoknh us vius firk o ukSdj dh mifLFkfr esa Vsi fjdkMZj pkyw djds j[kk gqvk Fkk] mijksDr O;fDr;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr }kjk 2]000@& :i;s dh fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dh x;h] ftls fjdkMZ dj fy;k x;kA iphZ rFkk dSlsV nksuksa fnukad 07-03-1994 dks iqfyl dks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds lkFk izLrqr dh x;haA ifjoknh ds firk rFkk ukSdj mijksDr rF;ksa ds laca/k esa egRoiw.kZ xokg FksA ukSdj dks crkSj lk{kh ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gS] tcfd ifjoknh dk firk vkj- ds- vxzoky xokg ih-MCyw&8 ds :i esa ijhf{kr gqvk gS] tks dFku djrk gS fd mldh mifLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr us x`g dj dh iphZ cukdj nh Fkh rFkk ml le; 2]000@& :i;s dh ekax dh ftl ij lgefr gksus ij iphZ QkM nhA bl xokg ds dFkuksa ls Li"V gS fd iphZ nsus] QkMus rFkk ekax dks Vsi esa [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (9 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] fjdkMZ djus dh ?kVuk ,d gh fnu dh gS] tcfd ifjoknh rFkk vfHk;kstu ds vuqlkj mDr nksuksa ?kVuk,a fnukad 21-02-1994 rFkk 07-03-1994 vyx&vyx fnu dh gSaA mDr xokg izfrijh{kk esa ;g Lohdkj djrk gS fd mlds lkeus dj fu/kkZj.k ds fy, eqyfte us dksbZ iSlksa dh ekax ugha dh Fkh] og eqyfte dh fy[kkoV vFkok vkokt dks ugha igpkurk gSA ;g o`rkUr fdl rkjh[k] eghus vFkok o"kZ dk gS] mls ;kn ugha gSA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa bl xokg ds dFkuksa ls gh ifjoknh dh dgkuh vfHk;qDr dh ekax ds fcUnq ij iw.kZr% [kafMr gks tkrh gSA ifjoknh ih-MCyw&10 Lohdkj djrk gS fd fnukd 21-02-1994 dks rqjUr i'pkr mlus iqfyl esa u rks iphZ nh vkSj uk gh dksbZ fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h] iphZ ds VqdMksa dks fpidkdj fnukad 07-03-1994 dks iqfyl dks fn;k FkkA xokg ih-MCyw&12 Vªsi vf/kdkjh yfyr ekgs'ojh ¼iqfyl mi&v/kh{kd½ bl laca/k esa tkfgj djrk gS fd ifjoknh us fnukad 07-03-1994 dks iphZ ds VqdMs rFkk ,d dSlsV mls lkSais Fks] ysfdu mlds }kjk nksuksa nLrkostksa dks i`Fkd ls tCr vkSj lhy&eksgj ugha fd;k] og vfHk;qDr dh vkokt dks ugha igpkurk Fkk] vfHk;qDr dh vkokt dk uewuk Hkh ugha fy;k] og vfHk;qDr dh vkokt dks igys ls ugha igpkurk Fkk] dSlsV dks pykdj lquk vo'; Fkk] ijUrq mldk :ikUrj.k djds dksbZ QnZ rS;kj ugha dh x;h FkhA mijksDrkuqlkj Li"V gS fd loZizFke rks ifjoknh ds firk ds dFkuksa ls gh vfHk;qDr }kjk ekax fd;s tkus vkSj mldks dSlsV esa fjdkMZ fd;k tkuk izekf.kr ugha gS] blds vykok ,d [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (10 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] ckj ds fy, ;g ekuk Hkh tkos fd vfHk;qDr dh ekax dks dSlsV esa fjdkMZ fd;k x;k Fkk rks Vªsi vf/kdkjh dk ;g nkf;Ro Fkk fd og mldk :ikUrj.k djokrkA ifjoknh rFkk Vªsi vf/kdkjh nksuksa }kjk gh dSlsV eas D;k o`rkUr Fkk] bl rF; dks fopkj.k ds nkSjku lk{; esa Hkh izdV ugha fd;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa dfFkr dSlsV ds vk/kkj ij ekax dk rF; iw.kZr% /oLr gks tkrk gSA tgka rd fnukad 07-03-1994 dks Vªsi dk;Zokgh dk iz'u gS] xokg ih-MCyw&12 Vªsi vf/kdkjh rFkk ih-MCyw&10 ifjoknh MkW- ds-ds- vxzoky lfgr vU; xokgku ds dFkuksa ls ;g izdV gqvk gS fd ifjoknh }kjk 100&100 :i;s ds 20 uksV C;wjks dks ykdj fn;s Fks ftl ij C;wjks us fQuksQ~Fkyhu ikmMj yxkdj ckn gLrk{kj ifjoknh dks lkSairs gq, vfHk;qDr dks mlh fnu mlds dk;kZy; esa tkdj nsus gsrq funsZf'kr fd;k x;kA ;kstuk ds vuqlkj ifjoknh rFkk Lora= xokg ftus'k tSu ¼ih-MCyw&4½ ftls rRle; dkYifud :i ls ifjoknh dk fj'rsnkj gksuk crk;k Fkk] ds }kjk vfHk;qDr ds d{k esa tkdj ;g fj'or jkf'k nsus rFkk mlds }kjk Lohdkj djus ij Lora= xokg ftus'k tSu ds bZ'kkjk djus ij fujh{kd galjkt ih-MCyw&6 lfgr vU; iqfyldehZ o Lora= xokg izlUu dqekj dk vUnj tkuk r; gqvk FkkA ih-MCyw&10 ifjoknh bl fcUnq ij tkfgj djrk gS fd C;wjks }kjk ;g crk;k x;k Fkk fd tc vfHk;qDr bu :i;ksa dh ekax djs] rc fudkydj nsukA og rFkk ftus'k tSu nksuksa vUnj x;s rFkk tkdj vfHk;qDr ls iwNk fd D;k vkius gkml VSDl dk fu/kkZj.k dj fn;k rks vfHk;qDr us 2]000@& :i;s nsus ds [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (11 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] fy, dgk Fkk] bl ij ifjoknh us 2]000@& :i;s fudkydj fn;s tks mlus vius isaV dh tsc esa j[k fy;s] rc ftus'k us ckgj tkdj bZ'kkjk fd;k] brus esa uxj ifj"kn ds deZpkfj;ksa us vanj vkdj gaxkek vkSj fookn dj fn;k rFkk vfHk;qDr mDr dyqf"kr jkf'k dks Q'kZ ij Qsaddj Hkkx x;kA bl xokg ds dFkuksa dks gwcgw Lohdkj fd;k tkos rc Hkh dj fu/kkZj.k dh jkf'k dh ekax dh x;h Fkh] fj'or ds :i esa 2]000@& :i;s dh ekax dh x;h gks] ;g rF; izekf.kr ugha gksrk gSA xokg ih- MCyw&4 ftus'k tSu bl fcUnq ij lcls egRoiw.kZ xokg gS tks tkfgj djrk gS fd tc og ifjoknh ds lkFk eqyfte ds dejs esa x;k rks vfHk;qDr us mu nksuksa dks dqlhZ ij cSBus dks dgk] cSBus ds i'pkr ifjoknh us vfHk;qDr ls VSDl dh ckr dh rks vfHk;qDr us dgk fd vkidk dke rks igys gh gks x;k gS] ml le; vfHk;qDr us mlls dksbZ iSlksa ds ysunsu dh ckr ugha dhA mlus vfHk;qDr dks iSlksa dh ekax djrs gq, u rks ns[kk vkSj uk gh lqukA FkksMh nsj esa uxjifj"kn ds deZpkfj;ksa ds vkus ij fookn gks x;k Fkk vkSj og ckgj vk x;kA ;g xokg iw.kZr% i{knzksgh jgk gS rFkk vfHk;kstu dgkuh dk leFkZu ugha fd;k gSA C;wjks ds fujh{kd galjkt xokg ih-MCyw&6] flikgh cuokjh yky ih-MCyw&11] gSM dkfuLVscy d`".k 'kekZ ih-MCyw&5 rFkk Lora= xokg izlUu dqekj ih-MCyw&3 us ,d Loj esa dgk gS fd ftus'k ds ckgj fudyus ij os vUnj x;s rFkk fj'or dh jkf'k ds uksV Q'kZ ij iMs Fks rFkk uxj ifj"kn ds deZpkfj;ksa lfgr vfHk;qDr ;g vkjksi yxk jgs Fks fd ,-lh-ch- okyksa us [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (12 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] ifjoknh ls feydj vfHk;qDr dks >waBk Qalk;k gSA Vªsi vf/kdkjh Jh yfyr ekgs'ojh }kjk ;g dFku fd;k gS fd uxj ifj"kn ds deZpkfj;ksa }kjk vuko';d fookn o ekjihV izkjEHk dj nh vkSj mldk Qk;nk mBkdj vfHk;qDr ekSds ls Hkkx x;kA ftl ij ftus'k tSu }kjk 18 uksV Q'kZ ls mBkdj vius ikl j[ks rFkk ekSds ij tCrh dk;Zokgh laHko ugha Fkh] blfy, iqfyl Fkkuk&dksrokyh tkdj fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h vkSj ogha mDr 18 uksV tCr fd;s] nks uksV ml gaxkes esa dgha [kks x;sA mijksDr xokg ds dFkuksa ls Hkh vfHk;qDr }kjk Vªsi ds le; fj'or jkf'k dh ekax fd;k tkuk rFkk mls Lohdkj dj vius ikl j[kus dk rF; izekf.kr ugha gksrk gSA Lora= xokg ih-MCyw&3 izlUu dqekj iw.kZr% i{knzksgh jgk gS rFkk mlus vfHk;qDr ds fo:) dksbZ lk{; ugha nh gSA vfHk;qDr ds fo:) ,d vU; ifjfLFkfr ;g crk;h gS fd ?kVuk ds fnu gh 4&5 ?kaVs i'pkr 'kke dks ;g tkudkjh feyh fd vfHk;qDr igys vius ?kj x;k rFkk ogka diMs cnydj Qjkj gks x;kA bl ij vfHk;qDr ds ?kj tkdj ryk'kh yh rks [kwaVh ij Vaxs isaV rFkk ,d [kks[ks esa fNik;h gqbZ 'kVZ feyhA isaV dks mlh le; vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij /kqyok;k rks mldk jax xqykch gks x;k] ijUrq bl laca/k esa i`Fkd ls dksbZ QnZ tCrh ugha cuk;h x;hA xokg ih-MCyw&2 xksiky flag iqfyl Fkkuk&dksrokyh ij Fkkukf/kdkjh Fkk] ftlds }kjk ;g dFku fd;k gS fd Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku ekjihV ds laca/k esa C;wjks }kjk iqfyl esa fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h Fkh ftl ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 188@1994 ntZ dh x;h rFkk vfHk;qDr dks [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (13 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] ryk'k fd;k rks og ?kj ij ugha feykA mldh iRuh dh mifLFkfr eas ?kj dh ryk'kh yh rks vfHk;qDr ds ,d isaV o 'kVZ dks mlds ?kj ls tCr fd;k FkkA isaV [kwaVh ij rFkk 'kVZ [kks[ks esa gks] ,sls dFku bl xokg ds ugha gSA izfrijh{k.k esa ;g xokg tkfgj djrk gS fd isaV o 'kVZ dks ,-lh-ch- okykas us /kqyok;k vFkok ugha] mls ugha irkA xokg ih-MCyw&3 izlUu dqekj Lora= ekSrfcj xokg gS tks tkfgj djrk gS fd Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds le; eqyfte Li"V :i ls dg jgk Fkk fd mls >waBk Qalk;k x;k gSA ;g xokg dFku djrk gS fd vfHk;qDr ds ?kj tkdj mldh isaV o 'kVZ tCr fd;s x;s Fks] ijUrq /kqyokus ij dksbZ xqykch jax ugha vk;kA vfHk;qDr dh iRuh }kjk QnZ ij gLrk{kj djus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA bl xokg ds dFkuksa ls Hkh isaV [kwaVh ij rFkk 'kVZ [kks[ks ls cjken gksus dk rF; izdV ugha gks jgk gSA xokg ih-MCyw&4 ftus'k tSu Hkh diMksa dh tCrh dk xokg gS] ysfdu tkfgj djrk gS fd og vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ugha x;k] iqfyl okys gh diMs ckgj ysdj vk;s Fks] mlds lkeus diMs /kqyokus dh dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha gqbZA xokg ih-MCyw&10 ifjoknh ,d vyx dgkuh crkrk gS fd isaV o 'kVZ nksuksa gh [kwaVh ij Vaxs gq, Fks] bu diMksa dks ekSds ij /kqyokdj tCrh dk;Zokgh dh x;h gks] ,slk bl xokg us izekf.kr ugha fd;k gS] tcfd xokg ih-MCyw&11 cuokjh yky ¼flikgh½ tkfgj djrk gS fd ekSds ij mijksDr xokg dh mifLFkfr esa isaV o 'kVZ dks vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ij gh /kqyokdj /kksou fy;k Fkk tks xqykch gks x;k FkkA xokg ih-MCyw&12 yfyr ekgs'ojh tkfgj djrk gS fd [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (14 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] vfHk;qDr us ekSds ls Hkkxrs le; dkSuls jax dh deht vFkok isaV igu j[kh Fkh] mls ;kn ugha gSA mijksDr foospu ls Li"V gS fd vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ls tks isaV rFkk 'kVZ cjken djuk crk;k x;k gS] mDr cjkenxh rFkk cjkenxh LFky ds laca/k esa vfHk;kstu dgkuh iw.kZr% lansgkLin gSA bu isaV 'kVZ dks ekSds ij tCr dj /kqyokus ds i'pkr lhyeksgj fd;k x;k] bl laca/k esa xaHkhj fojks/kkHkkl gSA ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;qDr us mDr isaV o 'kVZ igu j[kh gks] ;g rF; ldkjkRed :i ls fdlh lk{kh us izekf.kr ugha fd;k gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr eas bl ifjfLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij Hkh vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k ls ugha tksMk tk ldrkA vfHk;qDr i{k dk ,d cpko ;g jgk gS fd mlds }kjk dj fu/kkZj.k dh x.kuk djrs gq, i=koyh ij fVIi.kh fnukad 22-02-1994 dks gh dj nh Fkh] rRi'pkr vfHk;qDr ds ftEes ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z 'ks"k ugha FkkA vfHk;kstu dh ;g dgkuh jgh gS fd izn'kZ Mh&1 dfFkr fVIi.kh vfHk;qDr }kjk Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds i'pkr dkYifud cpko rS;kj djus gsrq feF;k :i ls rS;kj dj i=koyh esa j[kh x;h gSA xokg ih-MCyw&12 yfyr ekgs'ojh] ifjoknh xokg ih-MCyw&10 rFkk C;wjks ds vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds dFkuksa ls Li"V gS fd fnukad 07-03-1994 dks ifjoknh }kjk vfHk;qDr dh f'kdk;r dh x;h Fkh] mlh fnu Vªsi dk;Zokgh vk;ksftr dh x;h] vfHk;qDr ekSds ls Hkkx x;k Fkk] 2&4 ?kaVs i'pkr mlds ?kj dh ryk'kh yh rks vfHk;qDr xk;c feyk] rRi'pkr fcuk fdlh foyEc ds fnukad 07-03-1994 dks gh nLrkosth lk{; o lcwr ,df=r djus ds mn~ns'; ls [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (15 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] ifjoknh ls lacaf/kr x`g dj fu/kkZj.k dh i=koyh tCr dh x;hA vfHk;kstu lk{khx.k }kjk ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd izn'kZ Mh&1 uksV'khV rRle; i=koyh ij miyC/k Fkh rFkk U;k;ky; }kjk Hkh ;g fof'k"V :i ls mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd C;wjks }kjk tCr dh x;h i=koyh esa ls uksV'khV fudkydj izn'kZ Mh&1 ds :i esa iznf'kZr dh x;h gSA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;kas esa tc vfHk;qDr ekSds ls Hkkx pqdk Fkk vkSj rRdky C;wjks }kjk ;g i=koyh tCr dj yh x;h Fkh rks vfHk;qDr dkykUrj esa izn'kZ Mh&1 dks vius cpko ds :i esa cSdMsV esa rS;kj dj tksMs] ;g laHkkouk gh ugha FkhA fo}ku ofj"B vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk ;g rdZ fn;k gS fd tc vfHk;qDr ds ikl ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z 'ks"k gh ugha Fkk rks ,slh fLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr ds fo:) mi/kkj.kk yh tkdj nks"kfl) fd;s tkus dh dksbZ laHkkouk ugha gS] bl laca/k esa izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr K. Shanthamma Vs. The State of Telangana 2022 LiveLaw (SC) 192 rFkk bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB }kjk ,dyihB nkafMd vihy la[;k 674@2001 /kesZUnz cuke jkT; esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 25-05-2022 ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd tgka ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z vfHk;qDr ds ikl yafcr ugha gks] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa LokHkkfod :i ls vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or jkf'k ekaxus vFkok Lohdkj djus dh dgkuh lansgkLin o vLokHkkfod gks tkrh gSA orZeku ekeys esa Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds fnu ifjoknh dk dksbZ dk;Z vfHk;qDr ds ikl fu.kZ; fy;s tkus gsrq 'ks"k o yafcr ugha Fkk] vfHk;qDr }kjk ifjoknh vFkok mlds firk ls dksbZ fj'or [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (16 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] jkf'k ekax dh x;h gks] ;g rF; izekf.kr ugha gSA Vªsi dk;Zokgh ds fnu Hkh vfHk;qDr }kjk fj'or jkf'k dh ekax dh x;h gks vkSj mls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gks] ,slh dksbZ jkf'k vfHk;qDr ds dCts ls cjken gqbZ gks] ;g rF; Hkh izekf.kr ugha gSA vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ls tks vfHk;qDr dh dfFkr isaV o 'kVZ tCr fd;s x;s gSa] os vfHk;qDr dh gkas vFkok ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;qDr us iguh gqbZ gksa rFkk mu ij /kksou eas xqykch jax vk;k gks] ;g rF; Hkh izekf.kr ugha gSA ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk Lora= xokgku ds i{knzksgh gks tkus ij ukjktxh izdV djrs gq, ;g fVIi.kh dh gS fd vf/kdka'k ljdkjh foHkkxksa esa O;kid Lrj ij Hkz"Vkpkj gS] blfy, xokg pksj&pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZ gksus ds ukrs i{knzksgh jgs gSaA fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk ;g Hkh er jgk gS fd Hkz"Vkpkj ds ekeyksa esa nks"kfl) dk izfr'kr cgqr de jgrk gS rFkk ;g Hkh fVIi.kh dh x;h gS fd tgka nks"kfl)h laHko gS] rks ,slh ltk nh tkuh pkfg, fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk n.Mkns'k LFkxu dh ukScr ugha vkosA muds }kjk ;g Hkh fVIi.kh dh x;h gS fd ,sls Hkz"Vkpkjh] mPp U;k;ky; esa viuh vihy dk 'kh?kz fuLrkj.k ugha gksus nsrs gSaA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk tks Hkkouk,a o vkdzks'k izdV fd;k gS] ek= mlds vk/kkj ij nks"kfl)h fof/k&vuqlkj mfpr ugha gSA lansg ls ijs izekf.kr ekeyk gksus ij gh vfHk;qDr dh nks"kfl)h gks ldrh gSA orZeku ekeys esa nks"kfl)h gsrq vfHk;qDr ds fo:) lk{; dk vHkko jgk gS] vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh }kjk ,sls xaHkhj [2025:RJ-JP:19758] (17 of 17) [CRLA-1583/2002] ekeys esa vR;f/kd ykijokgh cjrh gS] tks lk{; ,df=r gks ldrh Fkh] og Hkh ,d= djus dk iz;kl ugh fd;k x;k gSA lkjr% ;g Li"V gS fd vfHk;qDr ds fo:) nks"kfl)h gsrq fof/kr% Lohdkj dh tk ldus okyh dksbZ lkexzh vFkok lk{; i=koyh ij ugha jgh gSA vfHk;kstu i{k] vfHk;qDr ds fo:) viuh dgkuh dks izekf.kr djus esa iw.kZr% vlQy jgk gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa nks"kfl)h o n.Mkns'k dk fu.kZ; rF;ksa o fof/k ds vuq:i ugha gS] rnuqlkj vk{ksfir fu.kZ; vikLr gksus rFkk vfHk;qDr lHkh vkjksiksa esa nks"keqDr gksus ;ksX; gSA mijksDr foospukuqlkj vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDr }kjk izLrqr ;g vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 28-11-2002 vikLr djrs gq, vfHk;qDr@vihykFkhZ egkohj izlkn ;kno dks mijksDr lHkh vkjksfir vijk/kksa ds vkjksi ls nks"keqDr ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA dk;kZy; }kjk fu.kZ; dh ,d izfr ds lkFk fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k vfoyEc fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izsf"kr fd;k tkosA Mittal /res. (UMA SHANKER VYAS),J