Judgment · High Court · 2026

Judgment

#1. Present petition has been filed on behalf of the petitioner Present petition has been filed on behalf of the petitioner Present petition has been filed on behalf of the petitioner arrest bail under Section 482 of Bharatiya seeking grant of anticipatory/pre-arrest bail under Section 482 of Bharatiya arrest bail under Section 482 of Bharatiya seeking grant of anticipatory/pre Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter to be referred as ‘BNSS’) in Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter to be referred as ‘BNSS’) in Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter to be referred as ‘BNSS’) in Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter to be referred as ‘BNSS’) in ed for offences NCB Crime No.04/2026 dated 19.01.2026 registered for offences NCB Crime No.04/2026 dated 19.01.2026 register NCB Crime No.04/2026 dated 19.01.2026 register A and 29 of the NDPS Act at Police punishable under Sections 8/20/23/27-A and 29 of the NDPS Act at Police A and 29 of the NDPS Act at Police punishable under Sections 8/20/23/27 Station Narcotic Control Bureau, Amritsar Zonal Unit. Station Narcotic Control Bureau, Amritsar Zonal Unit. Station Narcotic Control Bureau, Amritsar Zonal Unit.

#2. prosecution case, for the cause of convenience, as The prosecution case, for the cause of convenience, as prosecution case, for the cause of convenience, as y bail plea of the described in the impugned order (rejecting anticipatory bail plea of the described in the impugned order (rejecting anticipator described in the impugned order (rejecting anticipator petitioner by the concerned Special Judge) reads thus: petitioner by the concerned Special Judge) reads thus: petitioner by the concerned Special Judge) reads thus:

#5. As per allegations of the prosecution, acting on specific intelligence, “5. As per allegations of the prosecution, acting on specific intelligence, 5. As per allegations of the prosecution, acting on specific intelligence, officers of the Narcotics Control Bureau, Amritsar, seized 1.064 kg of officers of the Narcotics Control Bureau, Amritsar, seized 1.064 kg of officers of the Narcotics Control Bureau, Amritsar, seized 1.064 kg of JI Airport, Amritsar, from the suspected Hydroponic Ganja at SGRDJI Airport, Amritsar, from the suspected Hydroponic Ganja at SGRD accused Aarti Kaur D/o Resham Singh, who conscious possession of co-accused Aarti Kaur D/o Resham Singh, who accused Aarti Kaur D/o Resham Singh, who was apprehended on the spot, pursuant to which NCB Crime No. 04/2026 was apprehended on the spot, pursuant to which NCB Crime No. 04/2026 was apprehended on the spot, pursuant to which NCB Crime No. 04/2026 dated 19.01.2026 under Sections 8, 20 and 23 of the NDPS Act, 1985 was dated 19.01.2026 under Sections 8, 20 and 23 of the NDPS Act, 1985 was dated 19.01.2026 under Sections 8, 20 and 23 of the NDPS Act, 1985 was registered. During investigation, the voluntary statement of co accused g investigation, the voluntary statement of co-accused CRM-M- -35595-2026 2 Aarti Kaur recorded under Section 67 of the NDPS Act revealed that she Aarti Kaur recorded under Section 67 of the NDPS Act revealed that she Aarti Kaur recorded under Section 67 of the NDPS Act revealed that she had been sent by Paraminder Singh and that her travel to Thailand for had been sent by Paraminder Singh and that her travel to Thailand for had been sent by Paraminder Singh and that her travel to Thailand for accused Rana trafficking of Hydroponic Ganja had been facilitated by co- accused Rana trafficking of Hydroponic Ganja had been facilitated by co Pratap Singh. On the basis of the recovery, disclosure statements and Pratap Singh. On the basis of the recovery, disclosure statements and Pratap Singh. On the basis of the recovery, disclosure statements and other incriminating material, Rana Pratap Singh was issued notice under other incriminating material, Rana Pratap Singh was issued notice under other incriminating material, Rana Pratap Singh was issued notice under Section 67 of the NDPS Act, whereupon he voluntarily disclosed his Section 67 of the NDPS Act, whereupon he voluntarily disclosed his Section 67 of the NDPS Act, whereupon he voluntarily disclosed his involvement involvement facilitating facilitating ansportation and transportation and trafficking of trafficking of Hydroponic Ganja as part of an internationally operated and well- Hydroponic Ganja as part of an internationally operated and well Hydroponic Ganja as part of an internationally operated and well organized cartel functioning under the directions of kingpin Rishub Ahuja organized cartel functioning under the directions of kingpin Rishub Ahuja organized cartel functioning under the directions of kingpin Rishub Ahuja offences alias Rishi. Consequently, he was arrested on 20.01.2026 for offences alias Rishi. Consequently, he was arrested on 20.01.2026 for punishable under Sections 8, 20, 23 and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985. punishable under Sections 8, 20, 23 and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985. punishable under Sections 8, 20, 23 and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985. During interrogation, Rana Pratap Singh disclosed that Shammi Kumar During interrogation, Rana Pratap Singh disclosed that Shammi Kumar During interrogation, Rana Pratap Singh disclosed that Shammi Kumar had been associated with the trafficking cartel since August 2025. and had been associated with the trafficking cartel since August 2025. and had been associated with the trafficking cartel since August 2025. and the purpose of illegally importing had facilitated his travel to Thailand for the purpose of illegally importing had facilitated his travel to Thailand for narcotic drugs into India, including Hashish Oil. In his voluntary narcotic drugs into India, including Hashish Oil. In his voluntary narcotic drugs into India, including Hashish Oil. In his voluntary statement, Shammi Kumar admitted his role in facilitating the illicit statement, Shammi Kumar admitted his role in facilitating the illicit statement, Shammi Kumar admitted his role in facilitating the illicit trafficking and transportation of Hydroponic Ganja and further disclosed trafficking and transportation of Hydroponic Ganja and further disclosed trafficking and transportation of Hydroponic Ganja and further disclosed d arranged Rana Pratap Singh's travel to Thailand at the that he had arranged Rana Pratap Singh's travel to Thailand at the d arranged Rana Pratap Singh's travel to Thailand at the instance of co-accused Amarjit Singh, a Thailand based cartel member accused Amarjit Singh, a Thailand-based cartel member operating under the directions of Rishub Ahuja alias Rishi, for which he operating under the directions of Rishub Ahuja alias Rishi, for which he operating under the directions of Rishub Ahuja alias Rishi, for which he received a commission of ₹10,000/ umar was 10,000/-. Accordingly, Shammi Kumar was ions 8, 20, 23 arrested on 21.01.2026 for offences punishable under Sections 8, 20, 23 arrested on 21.01.2026 for offences punishable under Sect and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985. During further investigation, Rana Pratap and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985. During further investigation, Rana Pratap and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985. During further investigation, Rana Pratap Singh disclosed the involvement of accused Malkeet Singh S/o Mukhtar Singh disclosed the involvement of accused Malkeet Singh S/o Mukhtar Singh disclosed the involvement of accused Malkeet Singh S/o Mukhtar aba Bakala, District Amritsar, with Singh, resident of Toung, Tehsil Baba Bakala, District Amritsar, with Singh, resident of Toung, Tehsil B whom he had recruited persons and sent them to Thailand pursuant to a whom he had recruited persons and sent them to Thailand pursuant to a whom he had recruited persons and sent them to Thailand pursuant to a planned criminal conspiracy for trafficking Hydroponic Ganja into pre-planned criminal conspiracy for trafficking Hydroponic Ganja into planned criminal conspiracy for trafficking Hydroponic Ganja into India. It was revealed that Rana Pratap Singh had personally arranged India. It was revealed that Rana Pratap Singh had personally arranged India. It was revealed that Rana Pratap Singh had personally arranged tated Malkeet Singh's travel to Thailand, where the main and facilitated Malkeet Singh's travel to Thailand, where the main tated Malkeet Singh's travel to Thailand, where the main operator of the cartel, namely "Rishi", supplied Hydroponic Ganja for operator of the cartel, namely "Rishi", supplied Hydroponic Ganja for operator of the cartel, namely "Rishi", supplied Hydroponic Ganja for illegal trafficking into India, and that the said trafficking operation illegal trafficking into India, and that the said trafficking operation illegal trafficking into India, and that the said trafficking operation y prima facie involving Malkeet Singh was successfully executed, thereby prima facie involving Malkeet Singh was successfully executed, thereb establishing his direct involvement in the procurement and transportation establishing his direct involvement in the procurement and transportation establishing his direct involvement in the procurement and transportation of contraband substances. Investigation further revealed that Malkeet of contraband substances. Investigation further revealed that Malkeet of contraband substances. Investigation further revealed that Malkeet Singh had developed close relations and coordination with "Rishi" and, Singh had developed close relations and coordination with "Rishi" and, Singh had developed close relations and coordination with "Rishi" and, e, had himself started identifying, convincing after gaining his confidence, had himself started identifying, convincing e, had himself started identifying, convincing and arranging other persons to act as couriers for trafficking Hydroponic and arranging other persons to act as couriers for trafficking Hydroponic and arranging other persons to act as couriers for trafficking Hydroponic Ganja from Thailand to India. In furtherance of the criminal conspiracy, Ganja from Thailand to India. In furtherance of the criminal conspiracy, Ganja from Thailand to India. In furtherance of the criminal conspiracy, i and Malkeet Singh, in active connivance and coordination with Rishi and Malkeet Singh, in active connivance and coordination with Rish Rana Pratap Singh, facilitated and sent multiple persons abroad for Rana Pratap Singh, facilitated and sent multiple persons abroad for Rana Pratap Singh, facilitated and sent multiple persons abroad for CRM-M- -35595-2026 3 trafficking Hydroponic Ganja into India. Financial transactions reflected trafficking Hydroponic Ganja into India. Financial transactions reflected trafficking Hydroponic Ganja into India. Financial transactions reflected in the bank accounts, including entries specifically described in the name in the bank accounts, including entries specifically described in the name in the bank accounts, including entries specifically described in the name

e monetary dealings connected with the of "Malkeet", prima facie indicate monetary dealings connected with the of "Malkeet", prima facie indicat trafficking activities. The material collected during investigation clearly trafficking activities. The material collected during investigation clearly trafficking activities. The material collected during investigation clearly establishes that accused Malkeet Singh was not merely a passive establishes that accused Malkeet Singh was not merely a passive establishes that accused Malkeet Singh was not merely a passive participant but an active member, recruiter, courier and facilitator of the participant but an active member, recruiter, courier and facilitator of the participant but an active member, recruiter, courier and facilitator of the rganized organized rganized international drug international drug international drug trafficking cartel engaged trafficking cartel engaged trafficking cartel engaged procurement, transportation, facilitation and circulation of Hydroponic procurement, transportation, facilitation and circulation of Hydroponic procurement, transportation, facilitation and circulation of Hydroponic Ganja, thereby attracting offences punishable under Sections 8, 20, 23, Ganja, thereby attracting offences punishable under Sections 8, 20, 23, Ganja, thereby attracting offences punishable under Sections 8, 20, 23, 25, 27-A and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985.” and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985.”

#3. ed counsel for the petitioner has iterated that the Learned counsel for the petitioner has iterated that the ed counsel for the petitioner has iterated that the petitioner is innocent and has been falsely implicated in petitioner to the FIR in is innocent and has been falsely implicated into the FIR in question. neither Learned counsel has further iterated that the petitioner was neither Learned counsel has further iterated that the named in the original complaint nor in the initial sta named in the original complaint ges of investigation and or in the initial stages of investigation and surfaced subsequently on the basis of the disclosure his name has only surfaced subsequently on the basis of the disclosure surfaced subsequently on the basis of the disclosure his name statement made by a co-accused, which is statement made by a co which is inadmissible in evidence under law. It has been that no recovery of any narcotic has been further contended that no recovery of any narcotic that no recovery of any narcotic ffected from the conscious possession of the petitioner. substance has been effected from the conscious possession of the petitioner. ffected from the conscious possession of the petitioner. substance has been e that the The prosecution has not produced any direct evidence to show that the The prosecution has not produced any direct evidence The prosecution has not produced any direct evidence petitioner was involved in the alleged trafficking, transportation, financing petitioner was involved in the alleged trafficking, transportation, financing petitioner was involved in the alleged trafficking, transportation, financing petitioner was involved in the alleged trafficking, transportation, financing or procurement of contraband. It has been further c or procurement of contraband. entire It has been further contended that the entire case against the petitioner is based on case against suspicion and statements of co- on suspicion and statements of co blame in order to save accused persons who are attempting to shift the blame in order to save accused persons who are attempting to shift accused persons who are attempting to shift themselves from the criminal liability. themselves from the investigating criminal liability. Furthermore, the investigating to place on record any independent material directly agency has failed to place on record any independent material directly to place on record any independent material directly agency has failed connecting the petitioner with the alleged international drug trafficking connecting the petitioner with the alleged international drug trafficking connecting the petitioner with the alleged international drug trafficking connecting the petitioner with the alleged international drug trafficking syndicate. Learned counsel has emphasized that the syndicate. petitioner has been Learned counsel has emphasized that the petitioner has been ccused persons implicated merely on the basis of allegations made by co-accused persons implicated merely on the basis of allegations made by co implicated merely on the basis of allegations made by co on account of previous disputes. Moreover, the on account of prosecution story does not Moreover, the prosecution story does not CRM-M- -35595-2026 4 disclose any overt act attributable to the petitioner disclose any overt act attributable to which would attract the the petitioner which would attract the stringent provisions of Sections 27-A and 29 of the NDPS Act. stringent provisions of Sections 27 Learned A and 29 of the NDPS Act. Learned counsel has further contended that the petitioner has clean antecedents and has further contended that the petitioner has clean antecedents and that the petitioner has clean antecedents and othing remains to be recovered is not involved in any other criminal case. Nothing remains to be recovered is not involved in any other criminal case. is not involved in any other criminal case. custodial interrogation would serve no from the petitioner and, therefore, his custodial interrogation would serve no custodial interrogation would serve no from the petitioner useful purpose purpose. According to learned counsel, the petitioner is ready and ned counsel, the petitioner is ready and willing to join the investigation and, therefore, willing to join the investigation and no useful purpose would be therefore, no useful purpose would be . On the strength of these submissions, served by subjecting him to detention. On the strength of these submissions, . On the strength of these submissions, served by subjecting him to detention the grant of anticipatory bail is prayed for. the grant of anticipatory bail is prayed for the grant of anticipatory bail is prayed for

#4. Per contra, learned counsel learned counsel appearing for the respondent appearing for the respondent – NCB has the grant of anticipatory bail to the petitioner has vehemently opposed the grant of anticipatory bail to the petitioner the grant of anticipatory bail to the petitioner allegations against the petitioner are grave and serious by submitting that the allegations against the petitioner are grave and serious allegations against the petitioner are grave and serious by submitting that the case pertains to an . According to learned counsel, the present case pertains to an . According to learned counsel, in nature. According to learned counsel, organised international drug trafficking syndicate involved in the illegal organised international drug trafficking syndicate involved in the illegal organised international drug trafficking syndicate involved in the illegal organised international drug trafficking syndicate involved in the illegal procurement, transportation and import of Hydroponic Ganja from Thailand procurement, transportation and import of Hydroponic Ganja from Thailand procurement, transportation and import of Hydroponic Ganja from Thailand procurement, transportation and import of Hydroponic Ganja from Thailand into India. It has been further submitted that into India. during the course of It has been further submitted that during the course of investigation, substantial material has surfaced investigation, subs the active tantial material has surfaced which indicate the active involvement of the petitioner in the criminal conspiracy. Furthermore, involvement of the petitioner in the criminal conspiracy. involvement of the petitioner in the criminal conspiracy. played a significant role in facilitating the trafficking petitioner has played a significant role in facilitating the trafficking played a significant role in facilitating the trafficking petitioner operations. According to learned counsel, operations petitioner . According to learned counsel, the role attributed to the petitioner but the is not based solely upon the disclosure statement of a co-accused but the is not based solely upon the disclosure statement of a co is not based solely upon the disclosure statement of a co investigation has also brought forth other corroborative material linking the investigation has also brought forth other corroborative material linking the investigation has also brought forth other corroborative material linking the investigation has also brought forth other corroborative material linking the petitioner with the activities of the organised syndicate which establishes petitioner with the activities of the organised syndicate petitioner with the activities of the organised syndicate which establishes a Learned Special Public Prosecutor prima facie case against the petitioner. Learned Special Public Prosecutor Learned Special Public Prosecutor prima facie has further that the investigation is still at a crucial stage and further contended that the investigation is still at a crucial stage and custodial interrogation of the petitioner is necessary for uncovering the custodial interrogation of the petitioner is necessary for uncovering the custodial interrogation of the petitioner is necessary for uncovering the custodial interrogation of the petitioner is necessary for uncovering the CRM-M- -35595-2026 5 cing the financial trail, identifying other associates complete conspiracy, tracing the financial trail, identifying other associates cing the financial trail, identifying other associates complete conspiracy, tra involved in the racket and ascertaining the source of the contraband. involved in the racket and ascertaining the source of the contraband. involved in the racket and ascertaining the source of the contraband. involved in the racket and ascertaining the source of the contraband. the offences alleged against the petitioner attract the rigours of Moreover, the offences alleged against the petitioner attract the rigours of the offences alleged against the petitioner attract the rigours of Moreover, Section 37 of the NDPS Act. Accordingly, it is Section 37 of the NDPS Act. that the present Accordingly, it is prayed that the present in the interest of justice. petition be dismissed in the interest of justice. petition be dismissed

#5. and have I have heard the learned counsel for the rival parties and have I have heard the learned counsel for the gone through the available record of the case. gone through the available record of the case. gone through the available record of the case.

#6. As per the material brought on record serious material brought on record, indubitably, serious allegations have been levelled against the petitioner allegations have been levelled in relation to the against the petitioner in relation to the The material collected during commission of offences under the NDPS Act. The material collected during commission of offences under the NDPS Act commission of offences under the NDPS Act the course of investigation prima facie reflects the course of the existence of an organised reflects the existence of an organised he prosecution has specifically attributed a drug trafficking syndicate and the prosecution has specifically attributed a he prosecution has specifically attributed a drug trafficking syndic role to the petitioner in facilitating and participating in the trafficking role to the petitioner in facilitating and participating in the trafficking role to the petitioner in facilitating and participating in the trafficking role to the petitioner in facilitating and participating in the trafficking operations. The investigation further revealed operations. The investigation further revealed that the petitioner ha that the petitioner has travelled to Thailand and has maintained links with per travelled to Thailand and ha sons allegedly maintained links with persons allegedly involved in the narcotics trade. The disclosure statement involved in the narcotics trade. accused The disclosure statement(s) of co-accused investigating persons are not the sole basis of the prosecution case as the investigating persons are not the sole basis of the prosecution case persons are not the sole basis of the prosecution case agency has also relied upon digital evidence, financial transactions and other agency has also relied upon digital evidence, financial transactions and other agency has also relied upon digital evidence, financial transactions and other agency has also relied upon digital evidence, financial transactions and other incriminating material collected during incriminat investigation. The ing material collected during the course of investigation. The disclose active participation of the petitioner in the allegations prima facie disclose active participation of the petitioner in the disclose active participation of the petitioner in the allegations alleged conspiracy. It is pertinent to note that the alleged conspiracy. present petitioner was not It is pertinent to note that the present petitioner was not named in the FIR at the initial stage, and his name surfaced named in the FIR at the initial st subsequently , and his name surfaced subsequently during the course of investigation on the basis of the during the course of investigation disclosure statement of on the basis of the disclosure statement of co-accused accused. Though the petitioner was , the . Though the petitioner was not apprehended at the spot, the on 29 of allegations against him pertain to criminal conspiracy under Section 29 of allegations against him pertain to criminal conspiracy under Secti allegations against him pertain to criminal conspiracy under Secti does not necessitate physical possession of the the NDPS Act, which does not necessitate physical possession of the does not necessitate physical possession of the the NDPS Act CRM-M- -35595-2026 6 . The alleged involvement of the petitioner, though emerging at a contraband. The alleged involvement of the petitioner, though emerging at a . The alleged involvement of the petitioner, though emerging at a contraband supported by investigative material that lends subsequent stage, is supported by investigative material that lends supported by investigative material that lends subsequent stage, is corroboration to the prosecution version corroboration to the prosecution ve considered view of this rsion. In the considered view of this Court, the , the veracity of the disclosure statement extent of the veracity of the disclosure statement and the extent of the involvement of the petitioner in the offence involvement matters requiring thorough in the offence, are matters requiring thorough investigation, which can be effectively undertaken only through investigation , which can be effectively undertaken only through custodi custodial essential to trace the origin, source, and interrogation. Such interrogation is essential to trace the origin, source, and essential to trace the origin, source, and interrogation network of the contraband. At this stage, network of the contraband no material has been placed on . At this stage, no material has been placed on with the offence record to demonstrate that the petitioner is not connected with the offence record to demonstrate that the petitioner is record to demonstrate that the petitioner is discovery of possibility of recovery of further contraband and/ordiscovery of possibility of recovery of further contraband and the possibility of recovery of further contraband incriminating material cannot be ruled out. incriminating material cannot be ruled out incriminating material cannot be ruled out

#7. confessional statement of the The plea of the petitioner that the confessional statement of the The plea of the petitioner that the co-accused is inadmissible accused is inadmissible is devoid of merit , at the stage of consideration devoid of merit, at the stage of consideration of plea for grant of plea for grant of anticipatory bail not required to as the Court is not required to but only to examine meticulously evaluate the admissibility of evidence but only to examine meticulously evaluate the admissibility of evidence meticulously evaluate the admissibility of evidence whether prima facie prima facie material exists which connect the petitioner with the which connect the petitioner with the alleged offence. The investigation cond alleged offence ucted thus far indicates the . The investigation conducted thus far indicates the organized network engaged in the involvement of the petitioner in a well-organized network engaged in the organized network engaged in the involvement of the petitioner in a well nature and illegal trade and distribution of psychotropic substances. The nature and illegal trade and distribution of psychotropic substances illegal trade and distribution of psychotropic substances gravity of the offence coupled with the material collected on record gravity of the offence justify coupled with the material collected on record justify the necessity of custodial interrogation necessity of custodial interrogation to unravel the to unravel the larger conspiracy and to identify other potential co-conspirators to identify other potential seriousness conspirators. Having regard to the seriousness of the offence, the crucial stage of investigation of the offence possibility of tampering crucial stage of investigation, the possibility of tampering overarching public interest in curbing the menace of with evidence and the overarching public interest in curbing the menace of overarching public interest in curbing the menace of with evidence drug trafficking, this Court is of the considered view that the petitioner drug trafficking , this Court is of the considered view that the petitioner does . Moreover, given not merit the concession of anticipatory bail at this stage. Moreover, given not merit the concession of anticipatory bail at this stage not merit the concession of anticipatory bail at this stage CRM-M- -35595-2026 7 the serious nature of the allegations serious nature of the allegations, the todial interrogation of the , the custodial interrogation of the petitioner may be indispensable for unearthing the broader conspiracy petitioner unearthing the broader conspiracy and identifying other potential accomplices whose identities may be identifying other within the whose identities may be within the grant of exclusive knowledge or possession of the petitioner. The grant of exclusive knowledge or possession of the petitioner exclusive knowledge or possession of the petitioner anticipatory bail at this premature stage anticipatory prejudice the bail at this premature stage would, therefore, prejudice the ongoing investigation and may potentially result in ongoing investigation tampering with evidence and may potentially result in tampering with evidence or influencing material witnesses. or influencing material witnesses

#8. It is befitting to mention here that while considering a plea for It is befitting to mention here that while considering a plea for It is befitting to mention here that while considering a plea for ipatory bail, the Court has to equilibrate between safeguarding grant of anticipatory bail, the Court has to equilibrate between safeguarding ipatory bail, the Court has to equilibrate between safeguarding grant of antic individual rights and protecting societal interest(s). The Court ought to individual rights and protecting societal interest(s). The Court ought to individual rights and protecting societal interest(s). The Court ought to individual rights and protecting societal interest(s). The Court ought to reckon with the magnitude and nature of the offence; the role attributed to reckon with the magnitude and nature of the offence; the role attributed to reckon with the magnitude and nature of the offence; the role attributed to reckon with the magnitude and nature of the offence; the role attributed to r reaching the accused; the need for fair and free investigation as also far reaching the accused; the need for fair and free in the accused; the need for fair and free in impact of such alleged iniquities on society. A profitable reference in this impact of such alleged iniquities on society. A profitable reference in this impact of such alleged iniquities on society. A profitable reference in this impact of such alleged iniquities on society. A profitable reference in this regard is being made to the dicta passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court regard is being made to the dicta passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court regard is being made to the dicta passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court regard is being made to the dicta passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court titled as State