Others v. State Of U.P. Thru. Prin. Secy. Deptt. Of Home, Lko. And Another

2. Heard learned counsel for the applicant(s) and the learned A.G.A. for the State-opposite party no.1. However, counsel for opposite party no.2 is not present.

3. The present application has been filed seeking quashing of the entire proceedings of Complaint Case No.2819 of 2019, Safiya Khatoon Vs. Mohd. Shadab and others, under Sections 498-A, 323, 504 and 506 IPC and Section ¾ Dowry Prohibition Act, Police Station Kotwali City, District Hardoi and the summoning order dated 20.09.2021 passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hardoi.

4. In pursuance of order dated 19.01.2024 passed by this Court, the compromise deed dated 06.10.2023 annexed as Annexure-6 to the application has been verified by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hardoi vide order dated 28.08.2025 annexed as Annexure-SA-2 to the supplementary affidavit. Therefore, submission is that the entire proceedings of the aforesaid criminal case are liable to be quashed.

5. This Court is not unmindful of the following judgements of the Supreme Court: 2 A482 No. 482 of 2024 i. B.S. Joshi and others Vs. State of Haryana and another, (2003)4 SCC 675; ii. Nikhil Merchant Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation, (2008) 9 SCC 677; iii. Manoj Sharma Vs. State and others, (2008) 16 SCC 1; iv. Gian Singh Vs. State of Punjab, (2012) 10 SCC 303; v. Narindra Singh and others Vs. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466; and vi. State of M.P. Vs. Laxmi Narayan and others, AIR 2019 SC 1296

6. In the aforesaid judgments, the Supreme Court has categorically held that compromise can be made between the parties even in respect of certain cognizable and non-compoundable offences. Reference may also be made to the decision given by this Court in Shaifullah and others Vs. State of U.P. and another, 2013 (83) ACC 278, in which the law expounded by the Supreme Court in some of the judgments noted above has been explained in detail.

7. Recently, the Supreme Court in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir @ Parbatbhai Bhimsinhbhai Karmur and others Vs. State of Gujarat and another, (2017) 9 SCC 641 has laid down the following guidelines with regard to quashing of criminal proceedings as well compromise in criminal proceedings in paragraphs 16 to 16.10, which read as under: "16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions;

16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court;

16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a First Information Report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is non-compoundable.

16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of 3 A482 No. 482 of 2024 justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power;

16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised; (i) to secure the ends of justice or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court;

16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or First Information Report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated;

16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences;

16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing in so far as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned;

16.8. Criminal cases similar commercial, transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute; financial, mercantile, partnership or involving offences which arise

16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8 and 16.9 above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-being of the state have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance."

8. Considering the fact that compromise between the parties has been entered into, which is on record; both the parties being present here; looking into the facts and circumstances of the case, as noted herein- above as also the submissions made by the counsel for the parties, the Court is of the considered opinion that no useful purpose would 4 A482 No. 482 of 2024 be served by prolonging the proceedings of above mentioned case.

9. Accordingly, application is allowed and the entire proceedings of Complaint Case No.2819 of 2019, Safiya Khatoon Vs. Mohd. Shadab and others, under Sections 498-A, 323, 504 and 506 IPC and Section ¾ Dowry Prohibition Act, Police Station Kotwali City, District Hardoi and the summoning order dated 20.09.2021 passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hardoi, are hereby quashed so far it relates to the applicant(s). December 2, 2025 Rao/- (Brij Raj Singh,J.)

2. Heard learned counsel for the applicant(s) and the learned A.G.A. for the State-opposite party no.1. However, counsel for opposite party no.2 is not present.

3. The present application has been filed seeking quashing of the entire proceedings of Complaint Case No.2819 of 2019, Safiya Khatoon Vs. Mohd. Shadab and others, under Sections 498-A, 323, 504 and 506 IPC and Section ¾ Dowry Prohibition Act, Police Station Kotwali City, District Hardoi and the summoning order dated 20.09.2021 passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hardoi.

4. In pursuance of order dated 19.01.2024 passed by this Court, the compromise deed dated 06.10.2023 annexed as Annexure-6 to the application has been verified by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hardoi vide order dated 28.08.2025 annexed as Annexure-SA-2 to the supplementary affidavit. Therefore, submission is that the entire proceedings of the aforesaid criminal case are liable to be quashed.

5. This Court is not unmindful of the following judgements of the Supreme Court: 2 A482 No. 482 of 2024 i. B.S. Joshi and others Vs. State of Haryana and another, (2003)4 SCC 675; ii. Nikhil Merchant Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation, (2008) 9 SCC 677; iii. Manoj Sharma Vs. State and others, (2008) 16 SCC 1; iv. Gian Singh Vs. State of Punjab, (2012) 10 SCC 303; v. Narindra Singh and others Vs. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466; and vi. State of M.P. Vs. Laxmi Narayan and others, AIR 2019 SC 1296

6. In the aforesaid judgments, the Supreme Court has categorically held that compromise can be made between the parties even in respect of certain cognizable and non-compoundable offences. Reference may also be made to the decision given by this Court in Shaifullah and others Vs. State of U.P. and another, 2013 (83) ACC 278, in which the law expounded by the Supreme Court in some of the judgments noted above has been explained in detail.

7. Recently, the Supreme Court in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir @ Parbatbhai Bhimsinhbhai Karmur and others Vs. State of Gujarat and another, (2017) 9 SCC 641 has laid down the following guidelines with regard to quashing of criminal proceedings as well compromise in criminal proceedings in paragraphs 16 to 16.10, which read as under: "16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions;

16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court;

16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a First Information Report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is non-compoundable.

16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of 3 A482 No. 482 of 2024 justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power;

16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised; (i) to secure the ends of justice or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court;

16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or First Information Report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated;

16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences;

16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing in so far as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned;

16.8. Criminal cases similar commercial, transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute; financial, mercantile, partnership or involving offences which arise

16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8 and 16.9 above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-being of the state have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance."

8. Considering the fact that compromise between the parties has been entered into, which is on record; both the parties being present here; looking into the facts and circumstances of the case, as noted herein- above as also the submissions made by the counsel for the parties, the Court is of the considered opinion that no useful purpose would 4 A482 No. 482 of 2024 be served by prolonging the proceedings of above mentioned case.

9. Accordingly, application is allowed and the entire proceedings of Complaint Case No.2819 of 2019, Safiya Khatoon Vs. Mohd. Shadab and others, under Sections 498-A, 323, 504 and 506 IPC and Section ¾ Dowry Prohibition Act, Police Station Kotwali City, District Hardoi and the summoning order dated 20.09.2021 passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Hardoi, are hereby quashed so far it relates to the applicant(s). December 2, 2025 Rao/- (Brij Raj Singh,J.)