The High Court
Case Details
THE HIGH COURT OF ORISSA AT CUTTACK W.P.(C) No.22841 OF 2021 An application under Articles 226 & 227 of the Constitution of India. Amulya Tarai : Petitioner -Versus- State of Odisha and another : Opposite Parties For Petitioner : Mr. S. K. Das, Advocate Mr. P. K. Behera, Advocate Mr. N. Jena, Advocate For Opposite Parties : Mr. A. K. Nanda, Additional Government Advocate J U D G M E N T CORAM : JUSTICE SIBO SANKAR MISHRA Date of Hearing: 30.10.2023 :: Date of Judgment :06.11.2023 1. The Petitioner has filed the present Writ Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India inter alia seeking writ against the Opposite Parties to give promotion to him to the cadre of Deputy Executive Engineer, Executive Engineer and Superintending Engineer from the date his immediate juniors got Page 1 of 11 // 2 // such promotion and to grant him all consequential service benefits. The Petitioner is facing a criminal prosecution initiated in the year 2010, therefore, although DPC has recommended his case for promotion but sealed cover procedure has been adopted owing to the pendency of the criminal prosecution against him. There is no disciplinary proceeding initiated by the department against him. 2. The said Writ Petition indeed was heard at length on 11.08.2021. The Coordinate Bench of this Court after hearing both parties was pleased to allow the Writ Petition. Relevant is to reproduce the order dated 11.08.2021 passed by learned Single Judge :-
Legal Reasoning
<Heard learned counsel for the parties. The petitioner has filed this application seeking direction to the opposite parties to give him promotion to the post of Executive Engineer from 22.12.2016 and Superintending Engineer from 16.07.2021, i.e. the date from which his immediate juniors got such promotions, and to grant all consequential service and financial benefits including further promotion within a stipulated time. Moot question involves if a promotion of employee can be withheld for indefinite period on the premises of pendency of vigilance proceeding over a period of decades. This Court considering such situation has already settled the position of law keeping the sealed cover promotion aspect in view of pendency of the Disciplinary Proceeding and/or Vigilance Proceeding for decades becomes bad. Fact involving the case reveals that there is no disciplinary proceeding pending against the petitioner except the vigilance proceeding pending in the court of Special Judge, Vigilance, Cuttack in T.R. Case No. 04 of 2005 arising out of Cuttack Vigilance P.S. Case No. 12 of 2010. Involving the allegation against the petitioner, it appears the Vigilance Proceeding initiated in the year Page 2 of 11 // 3 // 2010, but charge-sheet involving the Vigilance case was submitted in the year 2015. However the said vigilance case is yet to be disposed of. Pleading also further made clear that no Disciplinary Proceeding initiated against the petitioner. In this background of case an allegation is made that promotion of the petitioner taking effect in the year 2016 has been kept in sealed cover only on the premises that a vigilance proceeding involving the petitioner is pending since 2010. For the settled position of law, this Court in disposal of the writ petition observes, petitioner cannot suffer for the long pendency of the vigilance proceeding. It is also not known when the Vigilance Proceeding initiated in the year 2010 will come to end. It is keeping in this view, this Court in disposal of the writ petition directs the Principal Secretary to Govt. of Odisha, Water Resources Department, Bhubaneswar-O.P. No.1 to give promotion to the petitioner to the rank of Executive Engineer (Civil) and Superintending Engineer (Civil) from the date of his juniors and batchmates got such promotions. However the promotions of the petitioner as per direction of this Court shall be subject to the ultimate outcome in the Vigilance Proceeding. Further it is also clarified that the promotion given to the petitioner to different ranks shall not confer equity in the event, he will ultimately lose the Vigilance Proceeding. Entire exercise shall be completed within four weeks from the date of communication of this direction. It is also clarified that upon promotion, petitioner shall also be entitled to all consequential benefits. Writ the above observation, the writ petition thus
Decision
stands disposed of. Issue urgent certified copy as per rules.= 3. The Opposite Parties preferred intra-court Appeal against the judgment of the Coordinate Bench dated 11.08.2021 being W.A. No.717 of 2022 contending therein that they were not given opportunity to file counter and contest the Writ Petition. The Division Bench of this Court was pleased to allow the Writ Appeal, set aside the order of the learned Single Judge and remanded the matter back to the learned Single Judge to decide afresh by giving Page 3 of 11 // 4 // opportunity to the Opposite Parties to file counter affidavit. The Division Bench also was pleased to fix time line for filing reply by the Opposite Party by 01.07.2023 and allowed the Writ Petitioner to file rejoinder before 10.07.2023. Relevant is to quote the order of the Division Bench dated 27.03.2023:- <1. On the short ground that the impugned order was passed on the very first date of the hearing without any opportunity to the present Appellants to file a reply to the writ petition, the impugned order is set aside. 2. W.P.(C) No.22841of 2021 will be restored to the file of the learned Single Judge in the roster Bench where it will be listed for hearing on 17th July, 2023. 3. Reply will be filed by the present Appellants to the writ petition positively on or before 1st July, 2023 and rejoinder affidavit thereto by 10th July, 2023. It is made clear that none of the parties will be granted any more opportunity for the above purpose. 4. The learned Single Judge is requested to proceed with the hearing of the matter on merits and dispose it of as expeditiously as possible. 5. The writ appeal is disposed of in the above terms. An urgent certified copy of this order be issued as per rules.= After relegation, the matter was heard by the learned Single Judge on 17.07.2023, 13.09.2023, and lastly on 30.10.2023. Despite a time bound direction given by the Division Bench to file the counter, the Opposite Parties further avail more than three opportunities to file the counter affidavit, but preferred not to file the same, hence the matter was heard. Page 4 of 11 // 5 // 4. Heard Mr. S. K. Das, learned counsel for the Petitioner and Mr. A. K. Nanda, learned Additional Government Advocate for the Opposite Parties. 5. Mr. Nanda, learned Additional Government Advocate vehemently opposes the prayer made by the Petitioner and contended that no ad-hoc promotion pending vigilance proceeding could be given to the Petitioner in view of the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court passed on 11.05.2023 in W.A. No.805 of 2021 and batch of Writ Appeals. 6. Per contra, Mr. S. K. Das, learned counsel for the Petitioner relied upon the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court passed on 06.05.2022 in W.P.(C) No.18500 of 2015, which squarely covers his case. In the said case as well, pending vigilance proceedings although the DPC had recommended the promotion of the Petitioner, but the same was withheld keeping the result in the sealed cover. Therefore, the Division Bench of this Court had directed to open the sealed cover and grant promotion accordingly. 7. The judgment relied upon by learned counsel for the State is clearly distinguishable from the fact of the present case. In those cases the Petitioners appears to have contended that in the guise of pendency of the criminal proceeding in the vigilance court, no promotion is being granted to them. Therefore, the Petitioners in Page 5 of 11 // 6 // those cases urged that at least they should have been granted ad- hoc promotion awaiting the outcome of the criminal prosecution. The Division Bench thus held that there is no legal basis to support the claim of ad-hoc promotion and accordingly disallowed the prayer of the Petitioners in those batch of cases. But in the instant case the factual scenario is quite distinguishable from the facts of those cases. In the present case, the Petitioner is claiming promotion for which DPC has already recommended his case for promotion, however, it’s not given effect to and sealed cover procedure has been adopted owing to the pendency of the criminal proceedings. An employee has no right to promotion. He has only a right to be considered for promotion. Having considered for the promotion by DPC, the result could not have been withheld awaiting the conclusion of disciplinary proceeding/criminal prosecution indefinitely. In this regard the Department of Personnel & Training (DO & PT), the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Government of India have issued updated guidelines on 30.08.2022 advising the methodology to be followed in the cases where sealed cover procedure have been adopted and promotion of the Government employees have .been withheld Page 6 of 11 // 7 // because of the pendency of disciplinary proceeding/criminal prosecution, which reads as under:- <SEALED review comprehensively <SIX MONTHLY REVIEW OF COVER= CASES It is necessary to ensure that the disciplinary 4. case/criminal prosecution instituted against any Government servant is not unduly prolonged and all efforts to finalize expeditiously the proceedings should be taken so that the need for keeping the case of a Government servant in a sealed cover is limited to the barest minimum. It has, therefore, been decided that the appointing authorities concerned the cases of should for suitability Government promotion to a higher grade has been kept in a sealed cover on the expiry of 6 months from the date of convening the first Departmental Promotion Committee which had adjudged his suitability and kept its findings in the sealed cover. Such a review should be done subsequently also every six months. The review should, inter alia, cover the progress made the disciplinary proceedings/criminal prosecution and the further measures to be taken to expedite their completion.= servants, whose in In the present case since 2016, the DPC has recommended the case of the Petitioner for promotion, which has been kept in the sealed cover without even once subjecting to review. This is nothing but adding insult to the injury. 8. Moreover, in the instant case, the vigilance proceeding was initiated way back in the year 2010 being Cuttack Vigilance P.S. Case No.12 of 2010 corresponding to T.R. Case No.04 of 2015. Although charge-sheet was filed in the year 2015, but the trial of the proceeding is moving in the snail’s pace since last about 8 Page 7 of 11 // 8 // years. The prayer of the Petitioner regarding the consideration for promotion is his time bound right and delay at the instance of the State would cause serious deprival from his rightful claim. Unexplained prolongation of criminal trial violates the constitutional rights of an accused and denial of statutory or any other rights, for that matter, for a delinquent officer/government servant impending such delayed trial is indeed a case of double jeopardy. 9. Faintly matching the facts of the present case, the Hon’ble Supreme Court while dealing with the issues in subject has been pleased to held in the matter of Union of India and others Vrs. K.V. Jankiraman and others reported in (1991) 4 SCC 109 that irrespective of pendency of criminal cases, the Petitioner has continued to serve and mere pendency of criminal case cannot be taken as ground to delay the promotion to the Petitioner nor the Competent Authority can withhold the recommendation of the Petitioner indefinitely on the ground of adopting the sealed cover procedure during the pendency of criminal proceedings. Confronted with exactly a similar situation the Madras High Court in its judgment dated 11.11.2019 in W. P.(MD) No.21879 of 2019 in the case of Jaber Sadiq vs. The District Collector, Dindigul District relied upon the judgment of the Hon’ble Page 8 of 11 // 9 // Supreme Court reported in (1995) 2 SCC 570 in the case of State of Punjab and others vs. Chaman Lal Goyal and has been pleased to held as under:- <7. From the materials on record, it is seen that the petitioner was arrested on 07.04.2015 by the Inspector of Police, Vigilance and Anti-Corruption, Dindigul and final report is also filed in the criminal case. In addition to that, the charge memo dated 28.08.2017 was issued to the petitioner and disciplinary proceedings are pending from that date onwards. From the above facts, it is seen that for the alleged offence committed by the petitioner on 07.04.2015, both the criminal case as well as the disciplinary proceedings are pending against the petitioner and the petitioner is deferring promotion, in view of the pendency of these two proceedings. This issue was already considered by the Full Bench of this Court in the judgment reported in 2011 (3) CTC 129 W.P.(MD) No.21879 of 2019 (Deputy Inspector General of Police Vs. P.Rani), wherein, it has been held that when criminal proceedings and disciplinary proceedings are pending for long time, an employee can be promoted, after getting an affidavit of undertaking to the effect that in the event of his failure in the criminal case, he can be reverted to the lower post. Again, this issue was considered by this Court, by the order dated 19.08.2016, in W.P.No.28925 of 2016, after considering the judgment of the Full Bench of this Court referred to above and the judgment of the Hon'ble Apex Court reported in 1995 (2) SCC 570 (State of Punjab and others Vs. Chaman Lal Goyal). The judgments referred to above are squarely 8. applicable to the facts of the present case. The petitioner cannot be denied promotion, in view of the pendency of the criminal case and disciplinary proceedings. For the above reason, the impugned order of the 9. respondent, dated 03.07.2019, is set aside. The respondent is directed to include the name of the petitioner in the panel for promotion to the post of Block Development Officer for in W.P.(MD) No.21879 of 2019 2019-2020, if he is otherwise eligible the year Page 9 of 11 // 10 // and on obtaining an affidavit of undertaking from the petitioner that he can be reverted back to the post of Deputy Block Development Officer, if any adverse orders are passed against him in the criminal case as well as in the disciplinary proceedings. The respondent is also directed to pass orders, within a period of four weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order.= 10. In Chaman Lal Goyal (supra), while observing that the principles enunciated therein were broadly applicable to the pleas of delay both in criminal prosecution proceedings and the disciplinary proceedings alike, in Para-11 inter alia held:- this court mentioned <11. The principles to be borne in mind in this behalf have been set out by a Constitution Bench of this Court in A.R.Antulay v. R.S.Nayak & Anr. (1992(1) S.C.C.225). Though the said case pertained to criminal prosecution, therein are the principles enunciated broadly applicable to a plea of delay in taking the disciplinary proceedings as well. In paragraph 86 of the judgment, the propositions emerging from the several decisions considered therein and observed that "ultimately the court has to balance and weigh the several relevant factors - balancing test or balancing process - and determine in each case whether the right to speedy trial has been denied in a given case". It has also been held that, ordinarily speaking, where the court comes to the conclusion that right to speedy trial of the accused has been infringed, the charges, or the conviction, as the case may be, will be quashed. At the same time, it has been observed that that is not the only course open to the court and that in a given case, the nature of the offence and other circumstances may be such that quashing of the proceedings may not be in the interest of Justice.. In such a case, it has been observed, it is open to the court to make such other appropriate order as it finds just and equitable in the circumstance of the case.= Page 10 of 11 // 11 // 11. Therefore, for the foregoing reasons I feel it appropriate to allow the Writ Petition directing the State-Opposite Parties to give promotion to the Petitioner to the cadre of Deputy Executive Engineer, Executive Engineer and Superintending Engineer from the date his immediate juniors got such promotion and to grant him all consequential service benefits subject to the condition that in the event the Petitioner is convicted in the impeding criminal case, he shall be reverted back down the hierarchy. It is accordingly, made clear that the promotion of the Petitioner would be subject to the outcome of the vigilance proceeding, which is pending in the Court of the Special Judge (Vigilance), Cuttack in Cuttack Vigilance P.S. Case No.12 of 2010 under Section 13(2) r/w 13(1) (e) PC Act . 12. With the above direction, the Writ Petition stands disposed of. (S.S. Mishra) Judge Orissa High Court, Cuttack. The 6th November, 2023 /Swarna Prava Dash, Senior Stenographer Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed Signed by: SWARNAPRAVA DASH Designation: Senior Stenographer Reason: Authentication Location: High Court of Orissa Date: 06-Nov-2023 18:03:13 Page 11 of 11