THE STATE OF TAMIL NADU v. KUMARAN ASHRAM MEDICAL TRUST TEACHERTRAINING INSTITUTE

1 VIGNESH TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTE, RUN BY VIGNESH EDUCATIONAL TRUSTNO.28, KALENDRA VILLAGE (JOLARPET) VANIYAMBADI T.K. VELLORE DIST, 635 751 REP. BY ITS SECRETARY J.USHA JAYAPATHI.... RESPONDENT/ PETITIONER 2 THE MEMBER SECRETARY NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, HANS BHAVAN, WING II, 1, BAHADURSHA ZAFAR MARG, (NEAR ITO )NEW DELHI-2.3 THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, CST BUILDING I FLOOR, HMT POST, JALAHALLI, BANGALORE-31.... RESPONDENTS/ RESPONDENTS 1 AND 2W.A.278 OF 20081. THE DIRECTOR OF TEACHER EDUCATION, RESEARCH & TRAINING, GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU, DPI CAMPUS, CHENNAI-6.2 THE PRINCIPAL DISTRICT INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION & TRAINING, KRISHNAGIRI DIST.... APPELLANTS/ RESPONDENTSvs1 CHRISTINA TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN, REP. BY ITS CORRESPONDENT, MR.M.KUMAR RAJA, COLLECTOR BUNGALOW BACK SIDE, VATRILAIKARAN PALLAM, A. JATTIHALLI (POST)DHARMAPURI DISTRICT-636 708.... RESPONDENT / PETITIONER https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ 2 MR.K.BALAN FORMERLY PRINCIPAL INCHARGE, DISTRICT INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION & TRAINING, KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT.... RESPONDENT/ RESPONDENT W.A.361 OF 2008SELF FINANCING PRIVATE TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTES ASSOCIATION (REGD).

REP. BY ITS PRESIDENT, MR.TVK BABU, NEW NO.11, OLD NO.7, 3RD CROSS STREET, WEST CIT NAGAR, CHENNAI-35.... APPELLANT/ PETITIONERVS1 THE STATE OF TAMIL NADU REP. BY ITS SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, SCHOOL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, FORT ST. GEORGE, CHENNAI-9.2 THE DIRECTOR OF TEACHER EDUCATION, RESEARCH & TRAINING, GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU, DPI CAMPUS, CHENNAI-6.3 THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, REP. BY ITS MEMBER SECRETARY, HANS BHAVAN, NEW DELHI.4 THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, SOUTHERN REGIONAL COMMITTEE, FIRST FLOOR, CSD COMPLEX, HMT TOWNSHIP, BANGALORE-31.... RESPONDENTS/ RESPONDENTS : Mr. N Kannadasan, Addl. Advocate General, For Appellant Assisted by Mr. G. Sankaran, in W.A.137/08 and Spl. Govt. Pleader (Education).W.A.220/08 and W.A.278 of 2008 For Respondent 1 and 2in W.A.361/08 https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ For 2 and 3 in Mr. K. Ramakrishna Reddy, W.A.220/08 for 3 & 4 in Senior Standing Counsel, W.A.361 of 2008 Assisted by Mr.

P.R. Gopinath. For Appellant in W.A.361/08 :Mr.R. Muthukumarasamy SC for Mr.R. Suresh KumarFor Respondent in W.A.137/08 Mr. K.M. Vijayan, Senior Counsel for Mr. E. Vijay AnandFor T.T.Is.: Mr. N.R. Chandran, Senior Counsel for Mr. R. Suresh Kumar Mr. C. Selvaraju, Senior Counsel for Mr. N.M. Hidayathullah Khan Mr. R. Muthukumarasamy, Senior Counsel for Mr. V. Anantha Natarajan and for Mr. K.G. Senthil Kumar Mr. V. Sudhakar & Mr. V. Selvaraj Mr. N. Muralikumaran Mr. B. Rabu ManoharJ U D G M E N TPrabha Sridevan, J.The State has filed W.A. Nos.137 and 220 of 2008 aggrieved by the order passed in W.P. No.20569 of 2007 etc. batch; the Director Teacher Education has filed W.A. No.278 of 2008 against the order passed in W.P. No.25164 of 2007; and the Self-Financing Private TeacherTraining Institutes Association has filed W.A. No.361 of 2008 against the order passed in W.P. No.25998 of 2007. A brief factual background of the case is necessary. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/

By G.O. 2(D) No.59, School Education Department dated 14.1.2006,the Government directed the Director of Teacher Education, Research and Training, the second respondent herein, that 30.11.2006 shall be the last date for admission to the Diploma Course in Teacher Education(D.T.E.) for the academic year 2006-2007 and that no private TeacherTraining Institutes shall admit students for the D.T.E. Course beyond30.11.2006 for the said year and even if the seats are unfilled, that cannot be a ground for making any admissions and there will be admissions after the cut-off date even if the seats are unfilled. was made clear that any deviation in the said direction may result appropriate steps being taken against the erring institutes. It was also directing that 20.11.2006 shall be the last date for approval teaching faculty.

By G.O. 2(D) No.7 dated 9.2.2007, School Education Department, the above Government Order was slightly modified, since the Associationsof Private Teacher Training Institutes ('TTIs' for short) had represented that the last date for approval of teaching faculty may extended because of shortage of required qualified staff and the second respondent herein, had also stated that some TTIs had obtained orders from this Court for re-consideration of the proposals sent by them. Therefore, the Government, by this Government Order, extended the last date for approval of the teaching faculty to 9.3.2007. A batch of writ petitions was filed in W.P. No.47503 of 2006 etc. (referred to as 'thefirst batch of cases') challenging G.O. 2(D) No.59 referred to above. These writ petitions were disposed of by order dated 3.4.2007, where the learned single Judge (V. Ramasubramanian, J.) had taken note of the subsequent G.O. 2(D) No.7.

Before the learned single Judge, it was contended that when the last date for approval of faculty members is extended to 9.3.2007, then the last date for admission of students should also be appropriately extended and there should be an interval of at least ten days between the last date for approval of faculty members and the last date for admission of students. The learned single Judge held that if there such extension, it would eventually destroy the concept of academic year and when the NCTE Regulations provide that students of diploma should undergo internship, then if the academic year of TTIs does not coincide or at least closely follow the academic year, then the prescription internship will turn out to be a farce. Therefore, the learned singleJudge upheld the prescription of 30.11.2006 as the last date for admission of students. The learned Judge, while disposing of the writ petitions, gave certain directions.

In compliance of this order, the Government issued G.O. Ms.No.108 on 17.5.2007 and the following directions were given :"1. Permission is accorded for filling up the seats under Government quota through counselling under Single WindowSystem, at four places in Chennai.2. The period from July to June should be treated as academic year of each year for the Diploma in TeacherTraining. 3. The calendar of activities and the guidelines to be followed as indicated in the Annexure should be implemented from the academic year 2007-2008. Unless specific changes are required, these guidelines should continue to be followed in the coming academic year also. 4. It is further ordered that the admission of students to the Diploma in Physical Education for the academic year2007-2008 may be adopted by following the calendar of activities followed for admission of candidates to the Diploma in Teacher Education Course and the expenditure forthis may be met from the funds allotted for selection forDTE under Single Window System. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/

5. This order should be published in the Tamil NaduGovernment Gazette extraordinary on 17.5.2007."The Annexure to the said G.O. deals with educational qualification, subject-wise allotment, rule of reservation, special reservation, age limit, calendar of activities etc. This G.O. came to in for attack in batch of cases in W.P. Nos.20569 of 2007 etc. (referred to as 'thesecond batch of cases'), which was disposed of by the learned singleJudge (P. Jyothimani, J.) on 11.1.2008 by the order which is impugned herein. The learned single Judge, by a detailed order, allowed in part the writ petitions with the following directions : "(i) G.O.Ms.No.108 School Education (U1) Departmentdated 17.05.2007 in so far as it imposes reservation of admission based on subject wise in relation to Non-minoritySelf Financing Private Teacher Training institutes impartingDiploma in Teacher Training is set aside; (ii) The portion of the impugned G.O.Ms.No.108 SchoolEducation (U1) Department dated 17.05.2007 relating to communal reservation in so far as it relates to Non-minoritySelf Financing Private Teacher Training institutes is setaside, however, with an observation that it is open to the Private Management to accept to follow the Government'sreservation policy voluntarily, in which event, this portion of the judgement shall not stand in their way; (iii) The respondents being "examining body" under the NCTE Act are authorities entitled to approve the teachers list on the hormonius construction of Section 14(4), 14(6) and16 of the NCTE Act, however, not imposing conditions more than the NCTE Act and Regulations made thereunder and can suo motuon sufficient reasons or on specific complaint verify the correctness of the particulars with specific reference to the qualifications of the teachers furnished by the Instituteswhile obtaining recognition from the NCTE. In cases of discrepancy regarding qualification, it is open to the 2ndrespondent to inform the same to the Southern RegionalCommittee of NCTE in respect of the concerned teacher and shall grant approval regarding the other teachers, who confirm to the requirements of the NCTE;(iv) The calendar of activity found in the impugnedGovernment Order, as modified by the Government in the terms stated above, shall be made applicable and shall be scrupulously followed by all parties concerned from the academic year 2008-2009; https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ (v) The State Government and the authorities empowered by the State are empowered to approve the list of teachers, conduct examinations and prescribe syllabus for the students of Diploma in Teacher Education, in consonance with Sections14(4) and 14(6) of the NCTE Act; (vi) Based on the NCTE Regulations, for the academic year2006-2007, the list of teachers sent by the private institutes shall be considered and approved by the second respondent, viz., Director of Teacher Education, Research and Training, Chennai within 10 days from the date of receipt of copy of this order; (vii) The second respondent, viz., Director of TeacherEducation, Research and Training, Chennai shall fix the date for First Year D.T.Ed., examination for the students admitted in the year 2006-2007 in January, 2008, after calculating the number of working days by taking into consideration the last date of admission of students for academic year 2006-2007 asper the Government Order; (viii) For the academic year 2007-2008, the admission process including the approval of teachers shall be completed within10 days from the date of receipt of copy of this order.

It is made clear that Institutes which have not forwarded the list of new teachers approved by the NCTE etc. shall submit thelist forthwith to the second respondent and the second respondent shall approve the list based on the NCTEregulations within the time stipulated above; (ix) The second respondent shall fix the date of Examination for First Year D.T.Ed. Course, 2007-2008 batch by calculating number of working days from first week of January'2008 and fix the date of examination in July or August,2008; and(x) The Government as well as Director of TeacherEducation, Research and Training shall issue fresh calendar of activities for the academic year 2008-2009 in consultation with the Institutes, the calendar of activities shall be published and intimated to all Institutes by April, 2008 and the same shall be scrupulously followed by all concerned from the academic year 2008-2009 onwards. "

Heard Mr. N. Kannadasan, learned Additional Advocate Generalappearing for the State Government, Mr. K. Ramakrishna Reddy appearing for the N.C.T.E. and Mr. N.R. Chandran, Mr. K.M. Vijayan, Mr. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ Selvaraju and Mr. R. Muthukumarasamy, Senior Counsel and the learned counsel for the TTIs.

The learned Judge in the second batch of cases had framed the following points for consideration since the impugned Government Orderwas challenged by the State on three grounds :(i) Subjectwise allotment of seats in respect of Unaidedinstitutes by directing 50% of the seats to be allotted to the science students; 25% to be allotted to Arts students and the remaining 25% to be allotted to the vocational stream students is ultra vires; (ii) The communal reservation by directing Self FinancingNon-minority Teacher Educational institutes to follow the policy of reservation in the following manner, viz.,(a)Scheduled castes: 18%(b)Scheduled Tribes: 2%(c)Most Backward Class: 20%(d)Backward Class: 30% and(e)Open category: 31%, is illegal; (iii) The calendar of activity by fixing dates for admission etc., to be followed from 2007-2008, is not practicable, and therefore, illegal. The institutes, on the other hand, attack the Government Order on the ground that the calendar of activities is unworkable, that the learned single Judge was not correct in accepting that the State had the power to approve or reject the staff list, and that the Government Order was State's transgression into N.C.T.E.'s jurisdiction.

Communal Reservation : The learned Additional Advocate Generalmade his submissions to sustain the communal reservation. However, will not interfere with the impugned order which left it open to the institutes to follow the principle of reservation in view of the judgment in P.A. Inamdar vs. State of Maharashtra, (2005) 6 S.C.C. 537. That portion of the order reads as follows: "Out of the three grounds raised by the petitioners, in respect of the challenge on the basis of communal reservation, in a batch of writ petitions, viz., W.P.No.37233 of 2006 etc.,batch, wherein G.O.Ms.(1D)No.226 School Education (U1)Department dated 28.08.2006, in which the policy of reservation of the State Government was directed to be followed in respect of admission of students in TeacherTraining Institutions, was challenged and based on the judgement of the Apex Court, especially in P.A. Inamdar vs. State of Maharashtra (2005 (6) SCC 537), this Court has held https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ that such reservation is not permissible in respect of admission of students in the private Self Financing Non-minority Institutions. In that case, it was held that in the event of the respective Institutions intending to follow the rule of reservation, there is no bar. In this case also as fairly submitted by the learned senior counselMr.R.Muthukumarasamy, it is left open to the petitionerInstitutions to follow the said principle of reservation. Inview of the same, no separate order is necessary as far as this issue is concerned and the order passed in the above batch of cases shall be binding. We will not interfere with this.

The State has otherwise focussed its attack only on that part Clause (iii) of the directions extracted above which provides for piecemeal approval of the staff list and Clause (iv) which makes mandatory for all the parties to follow the calendar of activities only from the academic year 2008-2009 and also Clauses (vi) and (vii).

State's power to approve the Staff List and lay down the Calendar of Activities : The role of the affiliating body for deciding as to which is the viable academic year was the subject matter of decision of a Full Bench of this Court in W.P. No.2804 of 2007 [RukmaniCollege of Education vs. State of Tamil Nadu & Others] dated 6.10.2007and it was categorically held therein that only the affiliating body like the University has to specify the academic year which is viable. Section 16 of the NCTE Act provides that the University or affiliating authority will affiliate an institute for the academic year which viable. It is not in dispute that the State is the examining body andit is the State which issues the diplomas. The learned single Judge had followed the above Full Bench decision and accepted the StateGovernment's role as the examining body, and that even in the absence guidelines, the State Government has to grant affiliation as per Section14(6) of the N.C.T.E. Act, and that it cannot be said that "the StateGovernment or respondents 1 and 2 have nothing to act at all" and that the State or the D.T.E.R.T. is having not only a statutory right, but duty to verify the correctness of the particulars furnished by the TTIs.The learned single Judge had rightly held that the TTIs cannot say that the State has no right to withhold approval; and that it is difficult sustain the TTI's contention that even if the teacher's qualification not in accordance with the norms, the State should grant approval. are in entire agreement with the learned single Judge and we decline interfere in favour of the TTIs. It is vain to contend that the Statewill not stand in the same position as a University, which is affiliating body. It appears that the Full Bench decision has been https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ appealed against before the Supreme Court and directions for accepting the application forms from the students have been given pending notice to the respondents. This is not enough for us to hold that the SupremeCourt had stayed the Full Bench decision.

Before P. Jyothimani, J. in the present batch, it was contended that while the University has its own guidelines for granting affiliation, the State Government has not framed any rules or scheme and therefore, the State has no parameters to decide the issue of approval.

The norms laid down under the NCTE Regulations lay down the qualifications of a Principal and Lecturers and therefore, the State, which is the affiliating body and which admittedly has not formed scheme or rules to guide the question of affiliation, shall follow theNCTE norms while approving the staff list. In fact, the learned singleJudge in these cases has also held that the powers of the StateGovenrment to verify the particulars furnished by the institutes to theNCTE as to their correctness cannot be said to be a transgression into the powers of the Central authorities, especially by virtue of Sections14(4) and 14(6) of the NCTE Act. The learned single Judge also held,"On a reading of the provisions of the NCTE Act, it is evident that the State Government is empowered to approve the list of teachers and being the examining body, it is entitled to prescribe the calendar for every academic year in respect of the number of term days of the students, conducting of examinations, etc. and such directives are only regulatory in nature, in fact for better implementation of the basic policy enunciated by the NCTE through the Government of India under Entry 66 List I of the Constitution of India. " The impugned Government Order has been issued only to implement the order passed in the first batch cases. That order has not been assailed and has become final. In fact, we see that the impugned order has upheld the right of superintendence of respondents 1 and 2 over the TTIs in order to ensure that the NCTERegulations are followed and the learned Judge also accepts that the calendar of activities is not in contradiction with the NCTE Regulationsand is "in fact, intended for a better implementation of the scheme for maintaining excellencey in the teacher education in a co-ordinatedmanner". When this is so, there is no justification in interfering with the calendar of activities which has been prescribed pursuant to the order passed in the first batch of writ petitions. So, we confirm the finding regarding the State's power.

Piece-meal approval of Staff List : The NCTE Act provides for the norms and standards for elementary teacher education, leading diploma in teacher education. It provides for the staff strength, and for a basic unit of 50 students or less with a combined strength of 100or less for the two year course, there shall be one Principal and five https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ Lecturers. It is not in dispute that the 2002 Regulations have been modified, but however, it is also not in dispute that the NCTE lays down the staff strength. Therefore, when the institutes apply for staff approval, the State Government not only has to take into account whether each teacher whose name is found the list satisfies the qualification prescribed by the NCTE, but also whether the number of teachers proposed in the staff list satisfies the staff strength prescribed by the NCTEand therefore, both these parameters have to be satisfied, viz. staff strength and NCTE qualification. If so, the NCTE cannot approve a list where out of the total number of lecturers required, only three lecturers satisfy the qualification and the others do not. This would be approval of a staff list which is truncated. Therefore, the appellants cannot approve of the staff list piece-meal. The staff list is either approved wholly or it is rejected notwithstanding the fact that some of the names merit acceptance, for the school cannot commence the course without the requisite number of teachers. Therefore, the last sentence in clause (iii) in paragraph 78 of the impugned order which directs the second respondent to grant approval regarding the other teachers is set aside.

Whether the Calendar of Activities shall be deferred to 2008-2009 ? Now we will come to the question regarding the calendar activities and its applicability to the academic year 2007-2008. Theimpugned order has postponed it by one year and made it applicable only from the academic year 2008-2009 onwards. It was contended on behalf the TTIs that the academic year pattern was not scrupulously followed after 2004-2005. In paragraph 68 of the impugned order, there is chart giving the particulars of the academic year, the number of TTIsand the date on which the examination was held and we find that from1999-2000, till the academic year 2003-2004, the number of TTIs stood 83 and the examinations were held in time. But in 2004-2005, there an increase in the number of TTIs from 83 to 305. In 2005-2006, the number is 398 and in 2006-2007, it has become 611, and for these three years, the examinations were held belatedly and it was not possible maintain the academic year concept.

It was vehemently urged on behalf of the TTIs that when the last date for admission is extended upto 16.3.2007 as has been done the instant case, then it will be unrealistic to expect adherence to the calendar of activities. At this juncture, it must be noted that after the judgment in the first batch of cases, where the learned Judge had clearly laid down the guidelines and which order obviously has not been challenged, the State had chosen to issue G.O. 2(D) No.29 dated13.6.2007. By this, the last date for admission of students was extended to 16.3.2007 as compared to the original cut-off date 30.11.2006. It is seen from the G.O. that this is done because private https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ TTIs represented that if the cut-off date for approval of staff list extended upto 9.3.2007, at least one week's time should be given for admitting students. In fact, in the judgment in the first batch of cases, V. Ramasubramanian, J. has precisely referred to such reactions under pressure, in the following words :"Thus, the role of the State Government has been enlarged in so far as the issue of appointment of staff members is concerned.

The learned Additional Advocate General submitted that whatever may be the reasons behind this extension, the Government now stands the said G.O. and would abide by it. Therefore, though in the first batch of cases the learned Judge had held that extending the last date for admission of students would totally skew the attendance pattern, this has been done and we have to accept that fact situation as it is.

The learned Additional Advocate General submitted that it was made very clear in the order passed in the first batch of cases that the concession with regard to the extension of date for submission faculty list was only in respect of the current academic year 2006-2007and for the following academic year, there would be guidelines prescribing the guideline of activities. The learned senior counsel appearing for the TTIs would however submit that the words "this concession is only in respect of the current academic year" cannot read in a restricted fashion. We do not agree. When the judgment read as a whole, it is clear that the learned Judge had held that that the academic year concept must be adhered to and prescription of cut-offdates for admission of students by the Government, which is the affiliating body, is absolutely necessary.

It was repeatedly urged on behalf of the TTIs that when examinations have been postponed and held not around July or August, but belatedly in November and December, then insistence on the calendar activities even for the year 2007-2008 would be unworkable, for then would mean that the TTIs would have to accommodate simultaneously the first year students who are belatedly writing their examinations November and the fresh first year students who would have come in or who ought to have come in as per the calendar of activities and similarly with the second year students. The learned senior counsel appearing for the TTIs submitted that virtually then, the TTIs will be bound to impart training to two sets of students with the staff strength that applicable to one set. It is not in dispute that for the students the academic year 2006-2007, the examinations were conducted some time in February, 2008 and a calculation chart has been given with regard the number of working days for the first year students for the academic year 2006-2007, according to which they would complete the required number of working days only by 8.1.2008. Therefore, it was submitted that there should be no interference with the order of the learned single Judge passed in the second batch of cases which requires that the calendar of activites should be followed only from the academic year2008-2009.

In response, the learned Additional Advocate General submitted that only about 40 institutes or so are facing problems and that https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ because their staff list had been rejected or returned for compliance, whereas for all the other remaining TTIs, approval has been given and they have commenced the academic year in accordance with the calendar activities prescribed by the impugned G.O. Ms. No.108 dated 17.5.2007.Learned Additional Advocate General also submitted that if this Courtwere to accept the case of the TTIs and make the calendar of activities not applicable to 2007-2008, then the consequence will have a domino effect on all the succeeding years. It was strenuously urged on his behalf that at some point of time, the calendar of activities has to insisted upon and only then, everything will fall into place and the situation that prevailed from 1999-2000 upto 2004-2005 where examinations were held around June/July and admissions were completed within the stipulated time, can be restored, and that it is in the interest of the students and also the TTIs that restoration of the academic year concept is achieved as early as possible.

In this context, we will refer to the following particulars given by the respondents :DIRECTORATE OF TEACHER EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND TRAINING,CHENNAI-600 006Date showing the students admitted in Teacher Training Institutes that have adhered to G.O. Ms. No.108, School Education Department, dated 17.5.2007during the academic year 2007-2008 Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------Descr-iption DIETs and Aided TTIs Self Financing TTIs Grand Total Govt. TTIs------------------------------------------------------------------- No.No.of No. Single Mgmt. No. Single Mgmt. No. Single Mgmt. of Students of Window Quota Total of Window Quota Total of Window QuotaTotalTTIs AdmittedTTIs System Admn. TTIs System Admn. TTIs System Admn. (SWS) Admn. Admn. Admn.--------------------------------------------------------------------------Total No. ofTTIs in the State andNo. of students 39 2840 43 1637 1659 3296 582 13044 20021 33065 664 17521 21680 39021admitedduring the academic year 2007-08-------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ In addition, district wise break-up details have also been furnished. About 44,030 students from 664 TTIs have adhered to the calendar activities. In these circumstances, if we unsettle the calendar for the academic year 2007-2008, then the fate of all these students will affected and further, 664 TTIs which have conscientiously adhered to the schedule will be prejudiced. As against this, only 61 institutes claim they are aggrieved by the imposition of time schedule. 41 TTIs have not obtained approval of staff list for the academic year 2006-2007 and for the academic year 2007-2008, aggregating to 61.

So, we are entirely in agreement with the submissions made behalf of the State. The vehement objections urged on behalf of the challenging TTIs that the calendar of activities is totally unworkable for the academic year 2007-2008 cannot be accepted since obviously more than 600 institutes have in fact adhered to the said calendar and their students are also ready for taking up the examinations for the relevant academic year. Therefore, the impugned order is set aside insofar as directs that the calendar of activities shall be applicable to the academic year 2008-2009 and G.O. Ms. No.108, School Education (U1)Department dated 17.05.2007, which lays down the guidelines for admission of students from the academic year 2007-2008 is upheld as is and it shall come into effect from the academic year 2007-2008 as the Government intended it to be.

A perusal of the impugned order shows that some individualstray cases where there has been some fault, lapse or aberration on the part of the respondents had been highlighted, which had persuaded the learned Judge to hold that the calendar of activities be made applicable from the academic year 2008-2009. When the majority of TTIs have fallen in line with the guidelines issued by the Government, it is clear that the calendar of activities cannot be said to be unworkable. Compliancewith the norms and regulations is a must, and the State is bound insist upon it. "Teacher Training Institutes are meant to teach children of impressionable age and we cannot let loss on the innocent and unwary children, teachers who have not received proper and adequate training" – vide Nageswaramma vs. State of Andhra Pradesh, A.I.R. 1986S.C. 1188; and "Ill trained and substandard teachers would detrimental to our educational system, if not a punishment to our children – vide A.K.E. Society vs. Director of School Education, A.I.R.1989 S.C. 183.

For all the foregoing reasons, W.A. Nos.137 and 220 of 2008filed by the State are allowed because – https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/ (a) the order of V. Ramasubramanian, J. in the first batch of cases laying down that there should be a calendar of activities commencing from the academic year 2007-2008 and the directions with regard to the academic year 2006-2007 were only with regard to the particular academic year, in view of the special circumstances has become final; and(b) the order in the first batch of cases issuing a mandate that there should be a calendar of activities has not been attacked.

G.O. Ms. No.108 has been issued only to comply with the said order and even in the impugned order, P. Jyothimani, J. has accepted the contention that the State has the power to lay down guidelines and especially since records have been produced to show that a majority the institutes has complied with the calendar of activities, we cannot sustain the fresh guidelines given by the learned Judge in the order that is assailed herein. We have already confirmed the impugned order as regards communal reservation. As regards Clause (iii), the directions relating to piece-mealapproval of staff list are deleted. As regards Clause (vi) and Clause (vii), the calendar of activities is not postponed and it shall come into effect from the academic year2007-2008 and the approval of the list of teachers shall be accordance with the NCTE Regulations and the cut-off date shall be per G.O. Ms. No.108.Approval of the list of teachers sent by the private institutes not automatic. It shall be considered whether there is compliance with the NCTE Regulations as applicable and the cut-off dates, and appropriate orders will be passed. In all other respects, the impugned order is confirmed and the State's appeals are dismissed.

We will be dealing with the individual writ petitions where the individual TTIs seek mandamus to approve the staff list or seek to quash the order rejecting the staff list and separate orders will be passed accordance with our decision above. The learned Additional AdvocateGeneral submitted that the State had requested the NCTE that it will follow Appendix-V of the 2002 Regulations and not Appendix-II of the2005 Regulations as regards the staff list, unless the individual TTIsspecifically exercise their option that they shall be governed Appendix-II. This is recorded.

As regards the appeals filed by the Self-Financing PrivateTeacher Training Institutes Association, in view of our decision in the appeals filed by the State and for the reasons stated hereinabove, W.A.Nos.361 of 2008 shall stand dismissed. https://hcservices.ecourts.gov.in/hcservices/

W.A. No.278 of 2008 filed by the Director of Teacher Educationis disposed of, holding that unless and until the staff list approved, even if the students write the examinations, they are not entitled to have the results declared and the decision with regard individual institutes will be given separately. Sd/-Asst. Registrar./true copy/Sub Asst. Registrar.abTo1 THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, SCHOOL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, FORT ST. GEORGE, CHENNAI-9.2 THE DIRECTOR OF TEACHER EDUCATION, RESEARCH & TRAINING, GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU, DPI CAMPUS, CHENNAI-6.3 THE MEMBER SECRETARYNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, HANS BHAVAN, NEW DELHI.4 THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, SOUTHERN REGIONAL COMMITTEE, FIRST FLOOR, CSD COMPLEX, HMT TOWNSHIP, BANGALORE-31.5. THE DIRECTOR OF TEACHER EDUCATION RESEARCH AND TRAININGGOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU, DPI CAMPUS, CHENNAI- 600 005.4 CCS TO Government Pleader, Sr. 18461, 18457, 18225, 184591 cc to Mr.R. Sureshkumar, Advocate, Sr. 180631 cc to mr.K. Selvaraj, Advocate, Sr. 182801 cc to Mr.B. Rabu Manohar, Advocate, SR. 18363W.As.137, 220, 278 & 361 of 2008ASM (CO)kk 17/4