Md. Badaruddin Ahmed v. Md. Sirajul Haque

For all counts of the suit and For any further or other relief to which the plaintiffs are found entitl The defendant on receipt of the summons has entered appearance and conte 4. sted the suit by filing the written statement taking all the grounds available u nder Order VIII of the Code of Civil Procedure [hereinafter referred to as th e ’Code’, for short] and the real facts of the case is pleaded as follows: - The suit property belongs to the great grandfather of the plaintiffs and grand father of the defendant Babar Ali Khan who purchased the disputed land on 23.04.1930 by a registered sale deed from one Gonda Mali and thereby claimed th e property in dispute as ancestral wherein the construction of dwelling houses w ere made for the family. The father of the plaintiffs and the father of the def endant are sons of Babar Ali Khan and were residing together as joint family on the disputed suit land, though the third son of Babar Ali Khan, Amirullah Khan was living separately and settled at Tinsukia. The aforesaid Babar Ali Khan di ed in the year 1940-41 leaving behind Habib Khan, Amirullah Khan and Rahamatulla h Khan. The father of the defendant Rahamatullah Khan died during the lifetime o f Habib Khan and his mother Sakina Bibi died leaving behind the only son, the de fendant. In the year 1954-55, the defendant, during the life time of both Habib Khan, his grandfather and father Rahmatullah Khan, constructed an independent ho use on the south western part of the suit land with three (3) rooms as his own property and rented out the same which was covered by Municipal Holding No. 616A , now Holding No. 500, which is described in the Schedule of the written statem ent and hence prayed for dismissal of the suit with cost.

5. On the pleadings of the parties the following issues were framed: - Whether the suit is maintainable in law and facts ? (1) Whether the suit is barred by principle of waiver, acquiescence (2) and estoppel? (3) (4) (5) (6) Is the suit bad for non-joinder of necessary parties? Is there any cause of action for the suit? Is the plaintiff entitled to any relief as prayed for? Whether the plaintiffs are the absolute owners of the suit land ? (7) 6. During the trial, the plaintiffs side have examined three (3) witnesses and the defendant examined two witnesses. Both the parties exhibited certain doc uments in support of their respective claim. To what relief the parties are entitled to?

7. The learned trial court while deciding the issue Nos. 1, 2 and 3 has hel d that the question of maintainability of the suit, limitation or non-joinder of necessary parties, save and except raising the pleas the defendant could not su bstantiate the pleas of non-maintainability, non-joinder and limitation though b urden lies on him and hence, answered in favour of the plaintiffs.

8. While deciding the issue No. 6 the learned trial court has held that th e defendant has failed to establish his right, title and interest over the suit land whereas the plaintiffs as a proof of their right, title and interest have exhibited the original sale deed vide Ext.-I executed by their mother on 26.07.1 987 on the basis of oral gift made by the father of the plaintiffs whereupon vid e Ext. -2, the name of Habib Khan was mutated in place of Rahmatullah against w hich an appeal filed before the Assam Board of Revenue and the Board of Revenue vacated the previous orders passed by DC in Appeal Case No. 12 for the year 1963 -64 and S.D.C.’s mutation case No. 817 of 1945-46, Case No. 161 of 1962-63 and Case No. 185 of 1961-62 passed in favour of Rahmatullah. Moreover, though DW 1 S hri Sirajul Haque in his deposition has claimed that the land in question is the ir paternal property which was purchased by their grandfather Babar Ali Khan in the year 1930 through a registered sale deed No. 651 dated 24.04.1930 vide Ext. Ka i.e. the certified copy of the sale deed which is supported by DW 2 Mr. Kama l Chandra Konwar and as a paternal property he has got his right to get his shar e and the mutation in favour of Habib Khan was followed by objection both by Rah amatullah and Aminullah but during the pendency of the hearing of objection peti tion in the mutation case, Aminullah died and it was dropped. The learned trial court disbelieved the story put forward by the defendant as he failed to substan tiate the claim by giving proof of documentary evidence and accordingly decided the issue in favour of the plaintiffs holding that the gift made by the donor H abib Khan in favour of the donee Musstt. Asgari Begum was accepted by the donee and consequently thereupon sold the land to the plaintiffs at a valuable conside ration, whereas the defendant failed to establish the property where he is stayi ng is his parental property because the document relied on vide Ext. Ka has not been proved with the original.

9. Relating to issue Nos. 4, 5 and 7, the learned trial court has held that since the defendant has failed either to cancel the name of Asgari Begum from m utating her name or failed to cancel the sale deed executed in favour of the pla intiffs by Asgari Begum though claimed to be his ancestral property but failed t o establish his right, title and interest over the disputed land beyond all reas onable doubt and accordingly the suit was decreed in favour of the plaintiffs.

10. Being aggrieved with the judgment and decree rendered by the learned tri al court, the defendant took the matter on the file of the learned Civil Judge ( Sr. Div.), Dibrugarh. The learned appellate court took up the following points f or decision whereof the legality of the judgment and decree has been questioned: Whether the issue No. 3 is decided property by the learned lower court? - (cid:28)(1) (2) Whether the learned lower court committed error by not taking Ext ’Ka’ i nto account, which is a document of more than 30 years old and thereby caused in justice to the appellant? (3) ndents/plaintiffs by Habib Khan is valid and enforceable in law? (4) y their mother Asgari Begum by way of sale is valid and enforceable in law? (5) (6) Whether mutation confers the right to possession of land? Whether any other relief can be given under Order 41, Rule 33, CPC? (cid:29) Whether the gift made in favour of Asgari Begum, the mother of the respo Whether the disposition of the suit land to the respondents/plaintiffs b

11. The learned appellate court while deciding the point No. 2 has discussed the provisions of primary evidence, secondary evidence followed by the provisio ns of Registration Act relating to Ext Ka which is admittedly 30 years old docum ents purchased by grandfather of the appellants/defendants and great grand fathe r of the plaintiffs/respondents Babar Ali on 23.04.1930 whereof when it was intr oduced as Ext ’ka’ there was no objection being the certified copy of the sale d eed, which, however, has been proved by official of the Sub-Registry, examined a s DW 2 and confirmed that Ext-Ka was duly issued from their office being entered in Book No.1. Thus, the book in the registration office where copies of sale de eds admitted to registration are public document and when the original sale deed , whose copy is maintained in the registration office is lost, secondary eviden ce can be given in respect of the contents thereof by providing the entry in the register in the registration office and instead of proving the entry in the reg ister in original, certified copy of entry of the sale deed in such register c an be proved and therefore no objection can be raised for admitting certified copy of entry in a book maintained in the registration office as secondary evide nce of the contents of a sale deed in case ground for admitting secondary evide nce is made out holding that Ext ’Ka’ is true and genuine document and thereby interfered with the decision relating to Ext Ka rendered by the learned trial c ourt.

12. The pleaded facts made out in the plaint that the entire disputed land h as been gifted away orally to Mustt. Asgari Begum, the learned appellate court h as discussed in point No. 3. The evidence on record, more particularly the evide nce of the plaintiff Badruddin Ahmed would demonstrate that the plaintiff had admitted that the defendant has a separate house in the southern side of the d isputed land, which the defendant has let out to tenant and the holding in M unicipality stands in the name of the defendant and the defendant pays the hous e tax for the holding. It has further been admitted that the defendant has been residing in two rooms of the ancestral property since 1957-58 and the municipal ity holding is separate from their own. Furthermore, the second plaintiff Md. Abdullah Khan has deposed that since his birth he saw the defendant and his fa ther Rahmatullah Khan were residing over the disputed land and the said witnes s has specifically admitted in his deposition that the defendant was possessi ng the disputed land at the time of making the gift, which, thus, conclusively proves that one of the ingredient of the gift is missing and thereby interfered with the decision rendered by the learned trial court. In view of the findings arrived at by the learned appellate court at poi 13. nt No.3, the gift deed made to Mustt. Asgari Begum is not valid and enforceable in law and consequently thereupon the sale deed executed in favour of the plaint iffs by their mother Mustt. Asgari Begum has no valid sanction under the law, mo re so, when the delivery of possession was not handed over to the plaintiffs at the time of execution of sale and hence the alienation of disputed properties by Mustt. Asgari Begum is not valid and as such interfered with the findings arriv ed at by the learned trial court. While discussing the point No.5, the learned appellate court has held th 14. at Ext. 2 certified copy of Jamabandi though shows that the disputed land was re corded in the name of Mustt. Asgari Begum, the same, however, does not confer an y title on the land whereof the right to possession of the disputed land is not established and thus answered the point accordingly.

15. Relating to point No. 1 the appellate court has held that Babar Ali Khan had three sons viz., (1) Habib Khan, (2) Rahmatullah Khan and (3) Amirullah Kha n wherein the disputed land was purchased by Babar Ali Khan and on his demise , the sons of Babar Ali Khan would succeed to the properties left out by the dec eased Babar Ali Khan. But the suit was filed without adding Amirullah Khan or hi s legal heirs as parties to the suit and hence held that the suit is bad for non -joinder of necessary party, wherefor the appeal was allowed by setting aside th e judgment and decree passed by the learned trial court and hence the Regular Se cond Appeal challenging the legality and validity of the judgment rendered by th e first appellate court. While admitting the appeal this Court has formulated the following subst Whether the impugned judgment and decree is bad for non-compliance of th

16. antial questions of law: - (cid:28)(1) e Order 41 Rule 31 of CPC? (2) Whether the fist appellate court was justified in relying the Ext Ka whi ch was not adduced in original and when no whisper has been made that the origin al was lost? (3) Whether first appellate court was justified in decreeing the appeal and dismissing the suit on the basis of Ext Ka which had subsequently merged on the registration of the name of Habib Khan U/S 50 of the Assam Land and Revenue Regu lation 1886 and thereafter gift of the said property to Mrs. Asgari Begum to the appellant more particularly when the subsequent transfer were not declared by a ny competent court as illegal and void? (4) Whether the first appellate court was justified in applying the princi ple that mere entry in the record of right do not confer any right to possession in the instant case? Whether mere non-joinder of party which are not necessary for a just dec (5) ision of the suit renders the suit bad for non-joinder of party and liable to be dismissed? Whether the first appellate court committed gross error of law in consid (6) ering application of law relating to gift in the instant case? (7) hearing of the appeal? (cid:29) Any other substantial question of law that may be urged at the time of Advancing the argument on behalf of the appellants Mr. P.J. Saikia, lea 17. rned counsel would contend that a reading of the plaint would demonstrate that no relief has been sought against Amirullah Khan in respect of controversies in volved in the suit and decree can be passed in his absence and the plaintiff in a suit being dominus litis cannot be compelled to sue a person against whom he does not seek any relief and as such the finding arrived at by the leaned appe llate court that Amirullah Khan or his legal representatives having not been mad e party to the suit, the suit is bad for non-joinder of necessary party require interference under Section 100 of the Code. Mr. Saikia, learned counsel would contend that in absence of primary evi 18. dence the secondary evidence can be led, subject to fulfillment of the provision s of section 65 of the Evidence Act, whereas, Ext ka when introduced during the trial lacks the conditions enumerated in section 65 of the Evidence Act, and as such the findings arrived at by the learned appellate court holding that Ext Ka is genuine and valid document requires interference being perverse.

19. Mr. Saikia would further contend that the name of Habib Khan, father of the plaintiffs having been registered under Section 50 of the Assam Land and Rev enue Regulation 1886 whereof the oral gift is made to his wife Mustt. Asgari Beg um who had subsequently transferred the land by deed of sale to the plaintiffs b eyond the purview of the appellate court when the same is not challenged before any competent court and as such the decree passed relying on Ext Ka by the appel late court require interference under appellate jurisdiction of this Court.

20. Mr. Saikia the learned counsel would contend that the learned appellate court has committed an error apparent on the face of the record in holding that mere entry in the record of right do not confer any right to possession which is perverse and the same is liable to be set aside and quashed. In support of his contentions, Mr. Saikia has placed reliance on the fol

21. lowing decisions: - (1) Mumbai International Airport Private Ltd. -vs- Regency Convention Centre and Hot els Private Ltd. and Others, (2010) 7 SCC 417, (2) (2005) 6 SCC 733, Kasturi -vs- Iyyamperumal and Others, (3) (2009) 6 SCC 160, Abdul Rahim and Others -vs- Sk. Abdul Zabar and Others, (4) AIR 1966 SC 1194, Maqbool Alam Khan -vs- Mst. Khodaija and Others, (5) 2000 (3) GLT 453, Paramesh Sarmah and Others -vs Islam Ali and Others, (6) 1998 (4) GLT 137, Amiya Bala Dutta -vs- Mukut Adhikari and Others. 2011 (1) GLT 33, (7) Camrus Zaman Ghafoor Pariat -vs- Union of India and Others, (8) Ved Mitra Verma -vs- Dharma Deoverma and Another, 2007 (3) GLT 191, Countering the attack, Mr. NC Das, learned Senior counsel, assisted by M 22. s. M Devi, Advocate representing the defendant/respondent in the appeal would co ntend that Ext Ka was introduced without any objection which is a 30 years old d ocument and thereby attracted presumption under Section 90 of the Evidence Act a nd it had to be treated as clinching evidence, regarding which the appellate cou rt has rightly held that Ext Ka is admissible evidence because the entry in the registration book has been proved by the official of the Sub-Registrar’s office DW 2 deposing and proving the execution of the original Ext. Ka and confirmed th at Ext Ka was duly issued from their office and its genuineness cannot be doubte d in its true perspective and on the basis of Ext Ka along with the deposition of PW 1 Badaruddin Ahmed and PW 2 Md. Abdullah Khan allowed the appeal which do not require to be interfered with being the finding of facts rendered by the fi rst appellate court in the instant Regular Second Appeal. Mr. Das, learned Senior counsel has submitted that it was the duty of th 23. e plaintiffs/appellants to prove that while making the oral gift the donor had v alid title and possession over the property in question when it was an admitted fact that the defendants were in possession of the said gifted land. When this b urden is not discharged by the plaintiffs that their vendor, the mother did not have a valid title over the suit land, therefore, this burden is not shifted to the defendants. So far as Ext ka is concerned, the plaintiffs measurably failed to prove that the land in question was the self acquired property of their fathe r and not inherited from the predecessor-in-interest of Ext ka. Admittedly the o ral gift was made during the lifetime of the grandfather and therefore, the deci sion in Amiya Bala Dutta {1998 (4) GLT 137} (supra) would not help the appellant s. Mr. Das has further submitted that there is no error on the part of the learn ed lower appellate court in reversing the finding of the trial court and therefo re, the said appellate judgment needs to be upheld by this Court. I find suffici ent force in the argument advanced by the learned Senior counsel. That being the position, the findings as made above covers the other substantial questions of Mr. Das has referred the following decisions in support of his contentio law raised in this appeal. 24. ns: - (1) Cement Corporation of India Ltd. -vs- Purya and Others, (2004) 8 SCC 270, (2) AIR 1943 PC 83, Gopal Das and Another -vs- Sri Thakurji and Others, (3) 2001 (3) GLR 594, Bodhan Paul -vs- Paresh Chandra Ghosh, (4) Marwari Kumhar and Others -vs- Bhagwanpuri Guru Ganeshpuri and Another, (2000) 6 SCC 735 (5) AIR 1979 Gau 14 Md. Saimuddin Shiekh -vs- Abejuddin Shiekh, (6) (2008) 2 SCC 186, Desh Raj -vs- Bodh Raj, (7) 1997 (3) GLR 17, Surendra Kr. Paul and Others -vs- Pramila Das, (2011) 5 SCC 654, (8) Hafeeza Bibi and Others -vs- Shaikh Farid (Dead) by LRs and Others, (9) AIR 1984 Gau 41, Md. Hesabuddin and Others -vs- Md. Hesaruddin and Others, (10) AIR 1966 SC 1194, Maqbool Alam Khan -vs- Mstt. Khodaija and Others, (11) Radhakrishan Laxminarayan Toshniwal -vs- Sridhar Ramchandra Alshi and Others, AIR 1960 SC 1368, (12) AIR 1989 Orissa 27, Ramchandra Majhi -vs- Hambai Majhi, (13) Manendra Kumar Dey and Others -vs- Mahendra Suklabaidya and Others, (1999) 1 GLT 30, (14) AIR 1994 SC 227, Guru Amarjit Singh -vs- Rattan Chand and Others.

25. Considered the arguments advanced by the contesting parties. Perused the evidence on record including the judgments rendered by both the courts below. N ow the first question is required to answer as to whether Ext Ka is admissible i n evidence and if so whether it can be treated as clinching evidence. Admittedly , the parties to the suit are Muhammadan by caste and they are guided by Muhamma dan law. The facts pleaded in the plaint is that late Habib Khan was the grand f ather of the plaintiffs and uncle of the defendant whereas the facts set up in t he written statement by the defendant is that late Babar Ali Khan, the great gra nd father of the plaintiffs and the grand father of the defendant in the year 19 30 purchased an area of land measuring 1B 2K 2L which constituted the suit land from one Gonda Mali vide registered sale deed being No. 651 of 1930 on 23.04.193 0. The certified copy of the aforesaid sale deed dated 23.04.1930 was introduced during the trial and marked as Ext Ka without any objection. The said Ext Ka wa s proved by DW 1 followed by DW 2 who is an official of the concerned Sub-Regist ry office. While deposing, DW 2 has duly proved the execution of original of Ext Ka by exhibiting the official record and confirmed that Ext Ka was duly issued from the Sub-Registry office. Therefore, the evidence led by the defendant in co nnection with Ext. Ka demonstrate that the property in dispute was ancestral and on the death of Babar Ali Khan, the entire property would go to his three son s viz., Habib Khan, Rahamatullah Khan and Aminullah Khan, by right of inherita nce. Therefore, the decision cited in Paramesh Sarmah {2000 (3) GLT 453} (supra) and Camrus Zaman {2011(1) GLT 33} (supra) do not in any way effect the admissib ility of Ext Ka, more so, when no objection has been raised during the time of i ntroduction of Ext. Ka.

26. The foundation of the suit as averred in the plaint would disclose that Samiullah Khan, son of Habib Khan predeceased him and the properties left by him were gifted orally to his wife Asgari Begum and her name was mutated, who sold out the properties to the plaintiffs, who have brought the suit for eviction of the defendants from A and B Schedule land of the plaint establishing their right , title and interest. But the real gift in favour of the mother of the plaintiff s lacks one of the conditions enumerated under Chapter XI of Muhammadan law. Sec tion 152 of Chapter XI of Muhammadan law specifically provides delivery of posse ssion of immovable property. A gift indisputably becomes complete when a person transfers with immediate effect the ownership of his movable or immovable proper ty to another person and that other person himself or someone else with his cons ent takes possession of the property gifted, whereof in the instant case, delive ry of possession by the donor to the donee in fact did not take place. Under Muh ammadan law, it is a contract which takes effect through offer and acceptance. T he fact of delivery of possession to the donee as would reveal from the deposi tion of PW 1 and PW 2 demolished the case of the plaintiff relating to oral gi ft and the court would concur with the decision of the learned appellate court. Therefore, the decisions cited in Abdul Rahim, {(2009) 6 SCC 160} (Supra) and i n Maqbool Alam Khan (AIR 1966 SC 1194) (supra) would not help the appellants as it would reveal that the donor though makes a declaration of oral gift even if a ccepted, the donor does nothing else to transfer the possession to the donee whe refor the gift became invalid.

27. Under the law of inheritance under Muhammadan law, there are three class es of heirs viz. (1) Sharers, (2) Residuaries and (3) Distant Kindred. The entit lement of share under law of inheritance prescribed in the following way: - (1) (cid:28)Sharers (cid:29) are those who are entitled to a prescribed share of the inheri tance. (2) (cid:28)Residuaries (cid:29) are those who take no prescribed share, but succeed to the ’residue’ after the claims of the sharers are satisfied. (3) rs nor Residuaries. (cid:28)Distant Kindred (cid:29) are all those relations by blood who are neither Share In the instant case, three sons, namely, Habib Khan, Rahmatullah Khan and Amirullah Khan of Babar Ali Khan succeeded to the properties of late B abar Ali Khan on his demise and accordingly, each of the sons would get their respective share since under the Muhammadan law there is no such thing as a joi nt Muhammadan family nor does the law recognize a tenancy in common in a Muhamma dan family and each heirs under the ’column of sharers’ would get their respect ive share as provided under the Muhammadan law. The plaintiffs have claimed the entire properties of the Schedule land as their properties whereof they cannot claim the entire properties left by Babar Ali Khan. Admittedly, the third son of Babar Ali Khan, i.e Amirullah Khan was not made party to the suit though Amirul lah Khan or his legal representative have a definite share in the properties lef t out by Babar Ali Khan and hence the court has no hesitation to hold the suit i s bad for non-joinder of necessary party and on this ground alone the suit must fail as has been held by the learned lower appellate court. The decisions cite d in Mumbai International Airport, {(2010) 7 SCC 417} (Supra), Kasturi, {(2005) 6 SCC 733} (Supra) and Ved Verma, {2007 (3) GLT 191} (Supra) would not rescue th e appellants since the foundation of the plaint lacks non-joinder of necessary p arty. From the corollary of the entire facts as narrated hereinabove, the Cour 28. t has no hesitation to concur with the judgment and decree passed by the learned lower appellate court whereof no interference is called for. In the result, the appeal deserves to be dismissed which I hereby do. The parties are left to bear their own costs.

29. ondent have not been discussed to avoid burdening the judgment. Since the appeal is dismissed, the decisions cited on behalf of the resp

30. Send down the lower court records.