High Court
Case Details
CRP 380/2012 BEFORE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE B.P. KATAKEY JUDGMENT & ORDER (CAV) This revision petition by the defendant is directed against the judgment and dec ree dated 21st June, 2012 passed by the learned Civil Judge No.2, Kamrup at Guwa hati in Title Appeal No.11/2010, dismissing the appeal preferred by the petition er by affirming the judgment and decree dated 19th December, 2009 passed by the learned Munsiff No.1, Kamrup at Guwahati in Title Suit No.115/2006, whereby and whereunder the suit filed by the respondent as plaintiff for ejectment of the pe titioner has been decreed. The respondent as plaintiff instituted the aforesaid suit for ej [2] ectment of the petitioner under the provisions of Assam Urban Areas Rent Control Act, 1972 (in short, (cid:28)the 1972 Act (cid:29)), on the ground of defaulter and bonafide r equirement, contending inter alia that the respondent is a monthly tenant at wil l since 1965 in respect of one room of a Assam Typed House at monthly rent of Rs .700/-. It has been pleaded that the plaintiff proposed to construct a RCC buil ding in place of the Assam Typed House, for which an amount of Rs.1,00,000/- was paid by the defendant on installments towards the financial assistance for cons truction of the said RCC house, in respect of which an agreement was executed be tween the plaintiff and the defendant on 1st August, 1988, in terms of which the defendant agreed to pay the monthly rent at the rate of Rs.10/- per sq.ft. with in first week of every succeeding month, apart from payment of Rs.50,000/- as se curity at the time of taking over the possession of the RCC room. It has further been pleaded that the amount of Rs.1,00,000/- paid as advance would be adjusted from the rent. The plaintiff has further pleaded that while construction was a lmost complete, in the month of April, 1990 the defendant instituted a proceedin g under Section 144 Cr.P.C. and pursuant to the order passed therein, the defend ant entered into the suit room with the aid of the police and the plaintiff also handed over the key of the said room to the defendant and thereby handed over t he possession to him. According to the plaintiff, the defendant after taking ove r the possession illegally occupied the set back area of 10 ft. in front of the suit room described in Schedule-B land and did not even pay the security money o f Rs.50,000/-. The further pleaded case is that the defendant though as per agr eement is liable to pay Rs.2,400/- per month as rent, since taking over the poss ession of the suit room, he, however, deposited the rent in Court at Rs.700/- pe r month. It has further been alleged that the defendant has also altered the sui t premises and has failed to pay the monthly rent since the month of April, 1994 . The plaintiff has also pleaded that the suit room is required for his own use and occupation for starting business for his unemployed son. The plaintiff, ther efore, filed the suit for ejectment and for recovery of arrear rent of Rs.86,400 /- for the period from 1st August, 1996 to 31st July, 1999, i.e. till the date o f filing the suit. [3] The defendant on receipt of the summons entered appearance and c ontested the suit by filing the written statement contending inter alia that he is not a defaulter in respect of payment of the rent lawfully due, which he has been depositing in Court on being refused by the plaintiff to accept the same wh en tendered. According to the defendant, the plaintiff handed over the possessio n of the room in an incomplete manner, without plastering the floor and without completing the three rolling shutters and despite assurance given by the plainti ff that the work would be completed but till filing of the written statement not hing has been done as agreed upon between the parties vide agreement dated 1st A ugust, 1988. It has further been pleaded by the defendant that he has to instit ute the proceeding under Section 144 Cr.P.C. as the plaintiff had put a lock at the entrance gate of the tenanted premises and he did not open the lock despite
Legal Reasoning
request made by the defendant. The defendant has also denied the occupation of t he Schedule-B land. Non-payment of the security money of Rs.50,000/- has, howeve r, been admitted by the defendant in the written statement contending that the s ame has not been paid as the construction of the suit room has not been complete d in all respect. According to the defendant the rent of Rs.2,400/- per month wa s payable as per agreement on completion of the room but since the construction of the suit room has not been completed, the rent was paid at the earlier rate i .e. Rs.700/- per month, without any objection by the plaintiff and when the plai ntiff demanded Rs.3,000/- per month as rent, he deposited the rent in Court on r efusal to accept Rs.700/- per month. The defendant, therefore, prays for dismiss al of the suit. [4] med the following issues for determination:- The Trial Court on the basis of the pleadings of the parties fra (i) Whether the suit is maintainable in its present form? (ii) Whether there is any cause of action for the suit? (iii) 400/-? What was the monthly rent of the suit premises whether Rs.700/- or Rs.2, (iv) Whether the Civil Judge (Jr. Divn.) No.1, Guwahati has jurisdiction to h old that monthly rent is Rs.2,400/- not Rs.700/- in Misc.(NJ) Case No.1764/94 on the application of the plaintiff? (v) Whether the defendant is a defaulter? (vi) Whether the suit premises are bonafide required by the plaintiff? (vii) ated 1/8/98 (should be 1/8/88) admittedly has been completed? Whether the construction of tenanted premises as per deed of agreement d (viii) Whether the defendant has paid Rs.2,09,360.95 in advance against the mont hly rent of the suit premises to the plaintiff? The plaintiff in order to prove his case has examined two witnes [5] ses including himself, apart from proving a number of documents including the ag reement dated 1st August, 1988, which has been marked as Exhibit-1. The defenda nt has examined himself as his witness and proved a number of documents includin g records of some N.J. cases, by which rent was deposited by the defendant in Co urt. [6] The Trial Court upon appreciation of the evidence on record decr eed the suit of the plaintiff on the ground of defaulter. The Trial Court has, h owever, refused to decree the suit on the ground of bonafide requirement. The Tr ial Court has held the monthly rent payable as Rs.700/-, which, however, would b e Rs.2,400/- per month from the date of the judgment only. It has further been h eld that though the refusal by the plaintiff to accept the rent when tendered, a s required under the 1972 Act, before depositing the rent in Court has been esta blished, but as the proper process fee was not paid in the N.J. cases marked as Exhibits-D(2) to D(11), for want of which the notices were not issued, those can not be termed as valid deposit under the 1972 Act and hence the defendant is a d efaulter. [7] Being aggrieved the defendant filed the aforesaid appeal in the Court of the learned Civil Judge, which has also been dismissed vide judgment an d decree dated 21st June, 2012. The appellate Court, however, has held the mont hly rent payable by the defendant as Rs.2,400/- from the date of taking over the possession of the suit room, in terms of the agreement dated 1st August, 1988. The appellate Court has also found that as the defendant neither pay the said mo nthly rent in full lawfully due nor deposited the same in Court, he is defaulter . The deposit of rent of Rs.700/- per month in Court vide Exhibits-D(1) to D(11) has also found to be not valid deposit in the eye of law for non-payment of the proper process fee/Court fee. The issue relating to the bonafide requirement ha s also been decided by the appellate Court in favour of the plaintiff by holding that as the plaintiff is the best judge of his requirement and there is nothing on record to demonstrate that the plaintiff’s requirement is malafide. Hence, t he revision petition.
Legal Reasoning
[8] petitioner and Mr. S. Ali, learned counsel appearing for the respondent. I have heard Mr. G.N. Sahewalla, learned senior counsel for the [9] It has been submitted by the learned senior counsel for the peti tioner that the first appellate Court ought not to have held the monthly rent pa yable by the petitioner/defendant, with effect from taking over the possession, as Rs.2400/-, in view of the fact that the plaintiff himself accepted the rent @ Rs.700/- per month till the month of March, 1994 and as the construction of the suit room has not been completed by the plaintiff. According to the learned co unsel, the monthly rent of Rs.2400/- , in terms of the agreement dated 1st Augus t, 1988, would be payable from the date of completion of the construction of the suit room in all respect. It has also been submitted that since there is no pr ovision in the Civil Courts Rules and Orders relating to the quantum of process fee payable in N.J. cases (registered on the basis of the application filed for depositing the rent in Court), the provisions contained in Rule 549 of Chapter 2 7 of Part-V of the said Rules and Orders would be applicable with the modificati on that wherever the word ’suit’ appears it is to be read as ’N.J. cases’. Acc ording to the learned counsel, as by each of the N.J. cases Rs.700/- was deposit ed in Court, and hence the valuation of the N.J. cases being less than Rs.1,000/ -, process fee of Rs.1/-, in terms of the aforesaid provision, is required to be paid, which having admittedly been paid by the defendant alongwith the N.J. cas es filed, the Courts below ought not to have held that the adequate process fee has not been supplied and hence the deposit in Court vide Exhibits-D(2) to D(11) are not the valid deposit. Mr. Sahewalla submits that such findings recorded b y the Courts below are contrary to the aforesaid provisions of the Civil Courts Rules and Orders. [10] Relating to the findings recorded by the appellate Court on the question of bonafide requirement of the suit premises by the plaintiff, it has b een submitted by the learned senior counsel that the first appellate Court ought not to have disturbed the findings recorded by the trial Court on the claim of the bonafide requirement, as the plaintiff himself admitted that he has construc ted a RCC building having other rooms and his son is also carrying business in t he said building. The learned senior counsel further submits that there being n o evidence on record that the plaintiff has a genuine, honest and pressing need for the suit premises coupled with the evidence on record that the plaintiff has other rooms wherein the plaintiff’s son is carrying on business, the appellate Court ought not to have decreed the suit of the plaintiff on the ground of bonaf ide requirement. [11] Per contra, Mr. Ali, learned counsel appearing for the responden t submits that in the absence of any provision in the Civil Courts Rules and Ord ers relating to the quantum of process fee payable for N.J. cases, the amount of process fee payable has to be determined on the basis of the valuation of the s uit and as the rent suits are to be valued at 12(twelve) months rent. In the i nstant case, even if Rs.700/- is taken as the monthly rent, the annual rent woul d be Rs.84,00/- and hence the process fee payable is Rs.2/-, submits the learned counsel. According to the learned counsel, it is being an admitted position of fact that the defendant has paid only Rs.1/- as the process fee, instead of Rs. 2/- payable, the deposit of rent in Court, without the adequate process fee, can not be termed as valid deposit within the meaning of Sub-Section (4) of Section 5 of the 1972 Act, as the said provision recognizes the valid deposit only on pa yment of the adequate process fee. Mr. Ali further submits that since the defen dant with the help of the order passed in a proceeding instituted under Section 144 Cr. P.C. by him, has taken over the possession of the suit premises before p lastering etc. of the suit room, the monthly rent of Rs.2400/- is payable by the defendant to the plaintiff in terms of the agreement dated 1st August, 1988. I n the instant case, it has been submitted, the defendant having deposited Rs.700 /- in Court, which being not the agreed rent, such deposit would not be valid de posit, the defendant having not deposited the agreed rent payable. The learned counsel further submits that there is also no evidence on record to demonstrate that before making the deposit, the defendant tendered the rent to the plaintiff , which the plaintiff has refused to accept. [12] Mr. Ali further submits that though the defendant has proved cer tain N.J. cases, the records of all the N.J. cases depositing the rent in Court for each and every month from 1st August, 1996 to 31st July, 1999 have not been proved, though the burden lies on the defendant to prove that the rent lawfully due and payable for each of the month are deposited in Court. Mr. Ali in suppor t of his contention has placed reliance on a decision of the Apex Court in Dr. B rahmanand Vs. Smti. Kaushalya Devi & Anr. reported in AIR 1977 SC 1198, wherein it has been held that the deposit of rent in Court is permissible only when the landlord refuses to accept the rent lawfully paid to him by a tenant. On the question of bonafide requirement, it has been submitted b [13] y Mr. Ali that the plaintiff being the best judge of his requirement and there b eing evidence on record that the suit room is required for use and occupation by his unemployed son, the appellate Court has rightly reversed the finding record ed by the trial Court on the issue relating to the bonafide requirement and has decreed the suit on that count also. [14] I have considered the submissions advanced by the learned counse l appearing for the parties and also perused the judgments and decrees passed by both the Courts below, apart from the materials available on record. [15] As noticed above, the plaintiff instituted the suit for ejectmen t of the defendant from the suit premises under the provisions of the 1972 Act o n the ground of defaulter and bonafide requirement. According to the plaintiff, the rent of Rs.2400/- has not been paid by the defendant since the month of Apr il, 1994. The plaintiff, however, has claimed the arrear rent for the period fr om 1st August, 1986 to 31st July, 1999, i.e. for a period of 3(three) years, pri or to institution of the suit, as no claim of rent prior to that date can be mad e under the law of limitation. The plaintiff has also claimed that the suit ro om is required for his own use and occupation for starting the business by his u nemployed son. [16] The question of bonafide requirement has to be decided on the ba sis of the evidence adduced by the parties, the same being a question of fact. To decree a suit on the ground of bonafide requirement, the plaintiff has to pro ve that he has a genuine, honest and pressing need for the suit premises. Such pressing need of the plaintiff/landlord has to be determined by the Court on an objective consideration of the evidence adduced by the parties. What the plaint iff/landlord is required to establish is not only that he has a desire but also and in addition, has a genuine, honest and pressing need of the premises. In th e instant case, though the plaintiff claims that the suit premises is required f or his own use and occupation, i.e. for starting business by his unemployed son, the plaintiff, however, in his evidence has admitted that he has constructed a RCC building containing various other rooms, apart from the room let out to the defendant, and his son is also carrying business on the said building. On the f ace of such evidence, it, therefore, cannot be held that the plaintiff has a gen uine, honest and pressing need for the suit premises, when admittedly the plaint iff’s son is not unemployed and doing business in another room of the same build ing. The findings recorded by the first appellant Court that the suit premises is required by the plaintiff for his own use and occupation only on the ground t hat the plaintiff is best judge of his requirement and the Courts cannot dictate how and in what manner the plaintiff should use the suit premises, in view of t he aforesaid evidence on record, cannot be sustained and hence, such finding is set aside. Accordingly, the judgment passed by the appellate Court decreeing th e suit of the plaintiff on the ground of bonafide requirement is also set aside. [17] titioner/defendant is a defaulter within the meaning of the 1972 Act. This leads to determination of the question as to whether the pe [18] Section 5 of the 1972 Act imposes a bar against passing and exec ution of decree and orders for ejectment of a tenant provided the tenant fulfill s the conditions precedent for getting such protection. One of the protection from eviction available to the tenant is that he has to tender the rent payable to the landlord and in the event of the landlord’s refusal to accept the same on being tendered, it has to deposited in Court within a fortnight together with t he process fees and written up notices for service on the landlord. To constitu te a valid deposit under the provisions of the 1972 Act, it must, therefore, be proved that the rent lawfully due and payable was first offered to the landlord; the landlord has refused to accept the same and the rent has been deposited in Court within a fortnight of its becoming due together with the proper process fe es and written up notices for service upon the landlord. Unless all the aforesa id conditions precedent to constitute a valid deposit are proved, the deposit ma de by the tenant in Court cannot held to be a valid deposit within the meaning o f Sub-Section (4) of Section 5 of the 1972 Act. [19] In the instant case, the monthly tenancy was created in the year 1965 at the monthly rent of Rs.700/- payable in the first week of succeeding mo nth. It is not in dispute that the plaintiff offered to construct a RCC buildin g in place of the Assam typed house including the earlier tenanted premises let out to the defendant and accordingly, the suit premises was vacated by the defen dant. An agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant was executed on 1st August, 1988 (Exhibit-1) agreeing to pay Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees One Lakhs) as adv ance, for construction of the RCC building, which accordingly has been paid. B y the said agreement, it was also agreed between the parties that the monthly re nt of the RCC room (24 ft. X 10 ft.=240 Sq. ft.) would be Rs.10/- per Sq. ft. The parties, by the said agreement had also agreed that the construction of the room would be completed preferably within 3(three) months from the date of the a greement and during the construction period, the tenant will pay the landlord th e monthly rent @ Rs.700/- and after completion and delivery of possession of the RCC room, the monthly rent @ Rs.10/- per Sq. Ft. would be paid, subject to adju stment of the amount advanced. [20] The Apex Court in Dr. Brahmanand (supra), having regard to the p rovisions contained in Section 7-C of UP (Temporary) Control of Rent and Evictio n Act, 1947, has held that the said provision enables deposits of rent in Court when a landlord refuses to accept the rent lawfully paid to him by a tenant. It has further been held that when the relationship between the landlord and the t enant is extremely strained, it is an idle ritual to insist on a physical tender of payment of rent, where the circumstances make it impracticable and in such c ases deposit of rent in Court is equivalent to payment by the tenant to the land lord. It is evident from the pleading of the parties and the evidence [21] led that the defendant instituted a proceeding under Section 144 Cr. P.C. allegi ng putting up of lock on the entrance gate of the suit premises, wherein an orde r was passed by the learned Magistrate, pursuant to which the possession of the suit room was taken over by the defendant/tenant in the month of April, 1990, ad mittedly even before the construction of the suit room is complete in all respec t. The defendant came into possession of the said RCC room based on the agreeme nt dated 1st August, 1988 (Exhibit-1). He having taken over possession, is, the refore, required to pay Rs.2400/- as monthly rent to the landlord, which admitte dly has not been deposited in Court. What the defendant claims to have deposite d in Court by filing various N.J. cases is Rs.700/- per month and not Rs.2400/-. Even assuming that the proper process fee was paid by the defendant in such N. J. cases, the entire monthly rent lawfully due and payable having not been depos ited, such deposit cannot be termed as valid deposit within the meaning of Sub-S ection (4) of Section 5 of the 1972 Act, as under the said provision deposit of the agreed rent in full in Court is required, so as to get the protection from t he eviction. It also appears from the record that though the burden lies on the defendant to prove that he has deposited the monthly rent due and payable in Cou rt within a fortnight of its falling due, all the N.J. cases demonstrating depos it of the rent for each and every month in Court have not been proved. In the i nstant case, the question as to whether the rent was offered to the landlord bef ore depositing in Court, need not be gone into, in view of the finding recorded in this judgment that the defendant/tenant has not deposited the entire monthly agreed rent, i.e. Rs.2400/- and hence, the deposit of rent of Rs.700/- by the te nant in Court would not constitute a valid deposit within the meaning of Sub-Sec tion (4) of Section 5 of the 1972 Act. That being the position, without going into the question as to t [22] he process fee required to be deposited in N.J. cases, I am of the view that sin ce the defendant/tenant did not deposit the entire agreed monthly rent payable i n Court as required under Sub-Section (4) of Section 5 of the 1972 Act, he is de faulter in payment of rent. Hence, the Courts below have rightly decreed the su it of the plaintiffs on the ground of defaulter. [23] The revision petition is, therefore, dismissed. No costs.