Mr. Rajat Sang, Mr. Sandeep Singh Nainwal, Advs v. THE STATE NCT OF DELHI AND ORS

the State. SI Deepika, PS Vikaspuri. Mr. Nitish Kumar, Adv. for victims along with victims. CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE AMIT MAHAJAN AMIT MAHAJAN, J. (Oral)

1. The present petition is filed seeking quashing of FIR No. 04/2025 dated 02.01.2025, registered at Police Station Vikaspuri, for offences under Sections 281/125(a) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (‘BNS’), including all consequential proceedings arising therefrom.

2. The FIR was registered on a complaint given by Respondent No. 3. It is alleged that on 02.01.2025, at around 1:00 PM, when Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 were on their way to their house, the petitioner while driving his car in a rash and negligent manner, hit the motorcycle being driven by Respondent Signature Not Verified No. 3 as a consequence of which both Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 1 of 7 fell down and sustained injuries.

4. Chargesheet has already been filed in the present case. The present petition is filed on the ground that the matter has amicably been settled between the parties by way of Memorandum of Understanding / settlement dated 19.12.2025, of their own free will, without any force, coercion or pressure. In terms of the settlement, a sum of ₹2,00,000/- stands paid to each of the victims.

5. It is also pointed out that Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 have also received compensation in the award passed by the learned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal.

6. Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 are present in person in Court today and have been duly identified by the Investigating Officer.

7. On being asked, Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 state that the matter has amicably been settled between the parties and that they have received the compensation amount and are satisfied with the same. They further state that they do not wish to pursue any proceedings arising out of the present FIR and have no objection if the FIR and the proceedings emanating therefrom are quashed.

8. Offence under Section 125(a) of the BNS is compoundable whereas offence under Section 281 of the BNS is non- compoundable.

9. It is well settled that the High Court while exercising its powers under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (‘BNSS’) [erstwhile Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973] can quash proceedings in which Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 2 of 7 offence is non-compoundable on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant. The Hon’ble Apex Court has laid down parameters and guidelines for High Court while accepting settlement and quashing the proceedings. In the case of Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. : (2014) 6 SCC 466, the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :- “29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings: 29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure: (i) ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court. While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those involve heinous and serious prosecutions which offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 3 of 7 nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.

29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, commercial particularly transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves. arising

29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.” (emphasis supplied)

10. Similarly, in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Anr. : (2017) 9 SCC 641, the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :- “16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions:

16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court.

16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a first information report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 4 of 7 offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is non-compoundable.

16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power.

16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised (i) to secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court.

16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or first information report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated.

16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences.

16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing insofar as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned. Signature Not Verified

16.8. Criminal cases involving offences which arise Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 5 of 7 from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute.

16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8. and 16.9. above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well- being of the State have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.” (emphasis supplied)

11. From the perusal of the FIR, it appears to be a case of road accident. Given the fact that the victims have already settled with the petitioner, it would be improbable to secure a conviction in the facts of the present case.

12. Thus, keeping in view the nature of the dispute and that the parties have amicably resolved their disputes, this Court feels that no useful purpose would be served by keeping the dispute alive and continuance of the proceedings would amount to abuse of the process of Court. I am of the opinion that this is a fit case to exercise discretionary jurisdiction under Section 528 of the BNSS.

13. However, keeping in mind the fact that the State Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 6 of 7 machinery has been put to motion, ends of justice would be served if the petitioner is put to cost.

14. In view of the above, FIR No. 04/2025 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are quashed, subject to payment of cost of ₹20,000/- by the petitioner, to be deposited with Delhi Police Martyrs’ Fund, within a period of eight weeks from date.

15. Let the proof of deposit of cost be submitted with the concerned SHO.

16. The present petition is allowed in the aforesaid terms. Pending application also stands disposed of. DECEMBER 23, 2025 “SK” AMIT MAHAJAN, J Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 7 of 7

the State. SI Deepika, PS Vikaspuri. Mr. Nitish Kumar, Adv. for victims along with victims. CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE AMIT MAHAJAN AMIT MAHAJAN, J. (Oral)

1. The present petition is filed seeking quashing of FIR No. 04/2025 dated 02.01.2025, registered at Police Station Vikaspuri, for offences under Sections 281/125(a) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (‘BNS’), including all consequential proceedings arising therefrom.

2. The FIR was registered on a complaint given by Respondent No. 3. It is alleged that on 02.01.2025, at around 1:00 PM, when Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 were on their way to their house, the petitioner while driving his car in a rash and negligent manner, hit the motorcycle being driven by Respondent Signature Not Verified No. 3 as a consequence of which both Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 1 of 7 fell down and sustained injuries.

4. Chargesheet has already been filed in the present case. The present petition is filed on the ground that the matter has amicably been settled between the parties by way of Memorandum of Understanding / settlement dated 19.12.2025, of their own free will, without any force, coercion or pressure. In terms of the settlement, a sum of ₹2,00,000/- stands paid to each of the victims.

5. It is also pointed out that Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 have also received compensation in the award passed by the learned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal.

6. Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 are present in person in Court today and have been duly identified by the Investigating Officer.

7. On being asked, Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 state that the matter has amicably been settled between the parties and that they have received the compensation amount and are satisfied with the same. They further state that they do not wish to pursue any proceedings arising out of the present FIR and have no objection if the FIR and the proceedings emanating therefrom are quashed.

8. Offence under Section 125(a) of the BNS is compoundable whereas offence under Section 281 of the BNS is non- compoundable.

9. It is well settled that the High Court while exercising its powers under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (‘BNSS’) [erstwhile Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973] can quash proceedings in which Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 2 of 7 offence is non-compoundable on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant. The Hon’ble Apex Court has laid down parameters and guidelines for High Court while accepting settlement and quashing the proceedings. In the case of Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. : (2014) 6 SCC 466, the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :- “29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings: 29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure: (i) ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court. While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those involve heinous and serious prosecutions which offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 3 of 7 nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.

29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, commercial particularly transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves. arising

29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.” (emphasis supplied)

10. Similarly, in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Anr. : (2017) 9 SCC 641, the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :- “16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions:

16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court.

16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a first information report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 4 of 7 offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is non-compoundable.

16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power.

16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised (i) to secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court.

16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or first information report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated.

16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences.

16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing insofar as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned. Signature Not Verified

16.8. Criminal cases involving offences which arise Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 5 of 7 from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute.

16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8. and 16.9. above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well- being of the State have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.” (emphasis supplied)

11. From the perusal of the FIR, it appears to be a case of road accident. Given the fact that the victims have already settled with the petitioner, it would be improbable to secure a conviction in the facts of the present case.

12. Thus, keeping in view the nature of the dispute and that the parties have amicably resolved their disputes, this Court feels that no useful purpose would be served by keeping the dispute alive and continuance of the proceedings would amount to abuse of the process of Court. I am of the opinion that this is a fit case to exercise discretionary jurisdiction under Section 528 of the BNSS.

13. However, keeping in mind the fact that the State Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 6 of 7 machinery has been put to motion, ends of justice would be served if the petitioner is put to cost.

14. In view of the above, FIR No. 04/2025 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are quashed, subject to payment of cost of ₹20,000/- by the petitioner, to be deposited with Delhi Police Martyrs’ Fund, within a period of eight weeks from date.

15. Let the proof of deposit of cost be submitted with the concerned SHO.

16. The present petition is allowed in the aforesaid terms. Pending application also stands disposed of. DECEMBER 23, 2025 “SK” AMIT MAHAJAN, J Signature Not Verified Signed By:DEEPANSHU Signing Date:27.12.2025 16:48:22 CRL.M.C. 9211/2025 Page 7 of 7