RENU ARORA AND OTHERS v. ST. MARGARET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL ANR

LPA 846/2023, CM APPL. 67261/2023 MR. RAVINDRA KUMAR TANWAR AND OTHERS versus .....Appellants DELHI POLICE PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents LPA 847/2023, CM APPL. 67294/2023 MANJU SHARMA .....Appellant 24 + 28 + 29 + 30 + 31 + Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. versus RAVINDRA PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 1/2024, CM APPL. 12/2024, CM APPL. 13/2024, CM APPL. 34728/2024 & CM APPL. 34729/2024 JASWINDER KAUR & ORS. .....Appellants versus GURUSHARAN CONVENT SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents LPA 15/2024, CM APPL. 811/2024 MRS. CHARANJEET KAUR .....Appellant versus GURU HARKRISHAN PUBLIC SCHOOL AND ORS .....Respondents LPA 19/2024, CM APPL. 1009/2024, CM APPL. 1010/2024 UMESH GAUBA .....Appellant versus MODERN CHILD PUBLIC SR. SEC. SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 20/2024, CM APPL. 1014/2024 & CM APPL. 1015/2024 .....Appellant VISHWA NATH PRASAD versus 32 + 33 + 34 + 35 + Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. BAL BHAVAN PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 30/2024, CM APPL. 1593/2024 & CM APPL. 1594/2024 .....Appellant VINITA BALONI versus AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 32/2024, CM APPL. 1599/2024 & CM APPL. 1600/2024 .....Appellant BHAVAYA TEHRI versus AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 33/2024, CM APPL. 1625/2024 & CM APPL. 1626/2024 MRS. REKHA JARREL AND OTHERS .....Appellants versus AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 51/2024, CM APPL. 2494/2024 MRS. VANDANA MALIK AND OTHERS .....Appellants versus RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 58/2024, CM APPL. 3703/2024 SATINDER TANDON .....Appellant 36 + 37 + 38 + 39 + 40 + Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. versus PRUDENCE SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 95/2024, CM APPL. 6686/2024 NORIN SHARMA .....Appellant versus AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 96/2024, CM APPL. 6699/2024 PRATIBHA KULSHRESTHA .....Appellant versus AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 98/2024, CM APPL. 6901/2024 SANGEETA PURI .....Appellant versus AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 102/2024, CM APPL. 7596/2024 SH. NIRANJAN LAL AND OTHERS .....Appellants versus D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents 41 + 42 + 43 + 44 + 45 Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. + LPA 103/2024, CM APPL. 7602/2024 MRS BIMLA BABBAR AND OTHERS .....Appellants versus DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents 46 + 47 + 48 + 49 + LPA 106/2024, CM APPL. 7632/2024 MRS KRISHNA .....Appellant versus DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents LPA 108/2024, CM APPL. 7663/2024 MRS. NEETA KHANNA & ANR. .....Appellants versus D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents LPA 109/2024 KUSUM GUPTA versus .....Appellant DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents LPA 110/2024, CM APPL. 7698/2024 MRS. SUDHA MEHTA & ANR. .....Appellants versus D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. 50 + 51 + 52 + 53 + 54 + LPA 113/2024, CM APPL. 6144/2025 MADHU ARORA & ANR. .....Appellants versus DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL & ORS. .....Respondents LPA 151/2024 MR DILIP SINGH ORS versus .....Appellants GEETA BAL BHARTI SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL AND ANR .....Respondents LPA 167/2024, CM APPL. 11688/2024 MRS. URMIL ARORA AND OTHERS .....Appellants versus GEETA BAL BHARTI SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL & ANR. .....Respondents LPA 640/2024, CM APPL. 40599/2024 & CM APPL. 40600/2024 MS. POONAM MITTAL & ANR. .....Appellants versus GEETA BAL BHARTI SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL & ANR. LPA 271/2024 ARWACHIN BHARTI BHAWAN .....Respondents .....Appellant Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. versus ASMA SYED AND ANR .....Respondents LPA 272/2024 RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL .....Appellant versus ANITA AND ANR .....Respondents LPA 273/2024 G D GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL .....Appellant versus MALA TULI AND ORS .....Respondents LPA 274/2024 ASN SR SECONDARY SCHOOL .....Appellant versus MONICA KAPAHI AND ORS .....Respondents LPA 275/2024 G D GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL .....Appellant versus ARATI BHATIA AND ORS .....Respondents LPA 276/2024 55 + 56 + 57 + 58 + 59 + Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. ASN SR SECONDARY SCHOOL .....Appellant versus AHILYA MINOCHA AND ORS .....Respondents LPA 277/2024 G D GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL .....Appellant versus JYOTI SHARMA AND ORS .....Respondents LPA 278/2024 ASN SR SECONDARY SCHOOL .....Appellant versus SULEKHA DAS AND ORS .....Respondents LPA 279/2024 ST MARGARET SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL versus .....Appellant RENU ARORA AND ORS .....Respondents 60 + 61 + 62 + Appearances: For the Appellant(s): Mr. Ashok Agarwal, Mr. Anuj Agarwal, Mr. Kumar Utkarsh and Mr. Manoj Kumar, Advocates in Item Nos.10, 12 to 19, 28, 30, 31, 36 to 39, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,52,53. Mr. Nikhilesh Kumar and Mr. Pratyaksh Kumar, Advocates in Item Nos.20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 33. Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Mr. Anuj Aggarwal, Mr. Pradeep Kumar, Ms. Kritika Matta and Mr. Manas Verma, Advocates in Item Nos. 32, 34, 35 & 40. Mr. Kamal Mehta, Advocate for Appellant No.6 in Item No.24. Mr. Yeeshu Jain ASC with Ms. Jyoti Tyagi, Ms. Arpita Goyal, Ms. Vishruti Pandey and Mr. Bhuwan Raj Seth, Advocates for Appellant-DoE in Item No.29. Mr. Kamal Gupta, Ms. Tripti Gupta, Mr. Sparsh Aggarwal, Ms. Madhulika Singh, Ms. Sabrina Singh, Advocates in Item Nos. 62, 58, 60, 56, 54, 57, 59, 61. For the Respondent(s): Mr. Romy Chacko, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Sachin Singh Dalal and Mr. Ashwin Romy, Advocates in Item No.28, 32, 39, 55. Mr. Ankur Mittal and Ms. Jutirani Talukdar, Advocates in Item No.34. Mr. Rajesh Gupta and Mr. Harpreet Singh, Advocates in Item Nos.51, 52, 53. Mr. Kamal Gupta, Ms. Tripti Gupta, Mr. Sparsh Aggarwal, Ms. Madhulika Singh, Ms. Sabrina Singh, Advocates for Respondent Schools in Item Nos. 10, 12, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22. Mr. Yeeshu Jain ASC with Ms. Jyoti Tyagi, Ms. Arpita Goyal, Ms. Vishruti Pandey and Mr. Bhuwan Raj Seth, Advocates for Respondent-DoE in Item Nos.10, 33. Mr. Prakhar Sharma, Ms. Piya Uppal, Ms. Riya Verma and Mr. Ayush Malik, Advocates in Item Nos.13 & 14. Mr. Samdarshi Sanjay and Ashish Kumar Sharma, Advocates for R-1 and R-2 in Item No.24 & 29. Mr. Pulkit Tare and Ms. Parul Madaan, Advocates for R-1 in Item Nos. 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43. Mrs. Avnish Ahlawat, SC for GNCTD (Services), Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Mr. Nitesh Kumar Singh, Ms Aliza Alam, Mr Mohnish Sehrawat, Advocates in Item No.51. Mr. Ashok Agarwal, Mr. Kumar Utkarsh and Mr. Manoj Kumar, Advocates for R-1 in Item Nos.54,55,56,58,60,62. CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VIMAL KUMAR YADAV JUDGMENT (ORAL) SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD, J. 1. This batch of appeals challenge the judgment dated 17.11.2023, passed by the learned Single Judge of this Court in W.P. (C) No. 14929/2022 and other 50 connected Writ Petitions filed by the teachers of various un-aided private schools of Delhi claiming for payment of salary as per the 6th and 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) which is being paid to schools run by the appropriate authorities. A few of the Writ Petitions also contained certain ancillary prayers such as promotion and payment of retirement benefits as per 6th and 7th CPC. 2. The learned Single Judge has tabulated the Writ Petitions, the status of employment of the teachers and the relief sought by them in the paragraph No.3 of the impugned Judgment which reads as under: S.No. Petition No. Status of Employment Relief Sought 1 W.P.(C)- • The petitioner worked from July 2019 as a TGT (Hindi) with respondent school. • For respondent no. 1 to implement its order dated 22 Nov 2021 (based on order 9 Feb 2016 Mukesh Verma & Ors. v. Director of Education & Ors.). • Payment of salary as per 6ᵗʰ CPC Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. School Type Private Unaided School benefits. • Payment of 7ᵗʰ CPC. • Benefit of promotion to PGT Hindi. • Fixation and payment in terms of 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016. • Payment of arrears and superannuation benefits with 24 % interest. • Gratuity and encashment based on 7ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of DA, HRA, TA, MA as revised by Delhi Govt with 24 % interest. • Re-fixation of salary and arrears as per 6ᵗʰ and 7ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of retiral dues (gratuity, encashment) @ 18 % interest. • Full salary from 9 Feb 2018 to 3 Aug 2018 under Rule 121 DSE Rules 1973. • Compliance with order (Delhi 12 Oct 2021 School Tribunal Appeal 62/2018). • Allowances and arrears of DA per 6ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2006 @ 24 %. • Allowances and arrears per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. • Revision of salary & benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC. • 1ˢᵗ ACP & 2ⁿᵈ MACP upgradations with arrears @ 24 %. • Payment of DA as per Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School 2 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6 worked as PET, TGT, PGT, Establishment Officer and Chowkidar respectively. • Petitioner 2 retired on 31 Jul 2021. 3 W.P.(C)- • The petitioner worked as PRT with respondent school. 4 W.P.(C)- • The petitioner worked as Librarian till retirement. 5 W.P.(C)- • Assistant Teacher with respondent school. Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. 6 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner is a registered society; respondent school run by Samarth Shiksha Smriti charitable society. 7 W.P.(C)- 8 W.P.(C)- 9 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked with respondents 2 & 3; respondent 4 is governing society. • Petitioners 1–6 working as TGT, PRT, NTT, Librarian, Lab Attendant, Lab Assistant, Sports Attendant, Asst Librarian, Instructor (Dance), Driver, Maid, Sweeper, Peon, Electrician, Mali, Housekeeper, Nurse. • Petitioners 1–4 & 6 working as PRT, TGT, PGT, Sr. Asst Teacher; Petitioner 5 retired 31 Aug 2020. 10 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1 & 2 working as PGT and TGT. 11 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner is a School Bus Driver working with respondent school. Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Govt notification @ 24 %. • Earned salary for May 2018 @ 24 %. impugned • Set aside DoE orders dated 9 Feb 2018 & 31 Jul 2018 in Ashok Kumar v. MCL Maheshwari Saraswati Bal Mandir School. • For respondent 1 orders implemented by to be respondents 2–4 payment of due amount with 9 % simple interest from 9 Feb 2018. • Payment of salary and DA arrears as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Fixation and payment as per 7ᵗʰ CPC with market rate interest. • Payment of salary & DA arrears per 6ᵗʰ CPC. allowances, • Salary, gratuity & encashment per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Fixation of salary and arrears as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Payment of DA, TA, Medical HRA, Allowance @ 24 %. • Fixation of salary and benefits as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Fixation, arrears & benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 12 %. Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School 12 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–14 working as TGT, PGT and non-teaching staff. 13 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–13 working as permanent teachers. 14 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–67 working as PGT, TGT, PRT, PPT, Lab Asst, Librarian, Steno and Account Clerk. 15 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner is working as Pre-Primary Teacher. 16 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–47 working as teaching and non-teaching staff. 17 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as PGT (Commerce). 18 W.P.(C)- • Multiple petitioners (1– 15) serving as TGT, PGT and PRT in respondent school since 1990s with various promotions. • Fixation of salary & benefits as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Fixation of salary & benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC with interest. • Payment of arrears @ 18 %. • Payment of arrears as per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 with interest. • Release of arrears of salary with interest. • Payment of arrears as per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 2019, to Mar Bonuses, PF, LTC and MACPS @ 18 %. • Revised pay scale and benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC; payment of gratuity at enhanced market interest. • Payment of arrears of salary at 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Mar 2016 to 31 Jul 2021 and DA @ 17 %. • Payment of TA, DA, HRA from 1 Aug 2021. • Bonus due since 2013. • Payment of arrears of salary arising out of 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. • Payment of DA, HRA & TA as declared by Delhi Govt @ 24 %. • Payment of arrears arising out of 6ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2006 and 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. Minority Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. 19 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner is a Teacher with respondent no. 2. 20 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1, 2, 3 & 5 working as TGTs; Petitioner 4 as PGT. 21 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner is working as PRT (English). 22 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1 & 2 worked as Senior Teaching Staff. 23 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–3 worked as PRT, TGT and Nurse respectively. 24 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. • Payment of DA as declared and revised with interest. • Payment of TA, DA, HRA, conveyance, pay grade, ACP/MACP as per 5ᵗʰ, 6ᵗʰ and 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Payment of arrears and benefits as per 5ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of 7ᵗʰ CPC arrears of DA from 1 Jan 2016. • Payment of TA, MA & SA dues with 24 %. • Restoration of 33 % Jun deducted salary 2020–Jan 2022. • Payment of salary as per 7ᵗʰ CPC; arrears of salary and allowances with 24 % interest. • Payment of arrears of salary and allowances with 24 % interest and benefits as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of gratuity and leave encashment based on 6ᵗʰ CPC salaries with 24 % interest. • Payment of salary and arrears allowances and DA as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of salary and arrears with allowances and DA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC with 24 % interest. • Payment of salary, Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private 1161/2023 Aaya with respondent school. arrears and all allowances with DA as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. Unaided School 25 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1 & 2 worked as PGT and Non- teaching staff. 26 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1 & 2 worked as PGT. 27 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1 & 2 worked as TGT and Yoga Teacher. 28 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–4 retired TGTs of respondent school. 29 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1 & 2 worked as PGT (Commerce) and PGT Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. • Payment of salary, arrears and all allowances with DA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Payment of salary, arrears and all allowances with DA as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of salary, arrears and all allowances with DA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. salary, • Payment of arrears and allowances with DA as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. salary, • Payment of arrears and allowances as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. salary, • Fixation of gratuity, encashment, arrears of DA/HRA/TA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Payment of gratuity & encashment benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of arrears of salaries in terms of 7ᵗʰ CPC till superannuation with DA/HRA/TA/MA @ 24 %. • Gratuity & encashment benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016. • Payment of arrears of salary in terms of 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School (Biology). 30 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–3 retired PRTs. 31 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner joined as Librarian (TGT) on 3 Apr 1995, promoted to Senior Librarian (PGT) on 1 Nov 2007, superannuated on 15 Jun 2020. 32 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner joined as PRT, later promoted to TGT, retired on 30 Jun 2017 as Senior TGT. 33 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner working as PGT (Mathematics), relieved after resignation. 34 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–5 worked as TGT and Librarian. Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. • Payment of TA, MA & SA with 24 % interest. • Payment of arrears of salaries in terms of 7ᵗʰ CPC till superannuation with DA/HRA/TA/MA @ 24 %. • Gratuity and encashment benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016. • Payment to petitioner in terms of 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016, arrears of salary till superannuation, DA, HRA, TA with 24 % interest. • Payment of gratuity and leave encashment based on salaries per 7ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of allowances and arrears of DA per 6ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2006 @ 24 %. Gratuity, • encashment, allowances as per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. • Payment as per 7ᵗʰ CPC 2016 including arrears till 31 Mar 2021 @ 24 %. Jan 1 • Payment of DA, HRA, TA as revised by Govt. of Delhi @ 24 %. • Payment of arrears of salary, gratuity, encashment, DA, HRA, TA, MA as per revised 7ᵗʰ Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School CPC rates @ 24 %. • Payment of benefits as per revised Govt. of NCT Delhi rates @ 24 %. • Payment of arrears of salary, 50 % remaining encashment, gratuity, TA, DA, HRA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC with 24 % interest. • Fixation of salary, arrears, DA, HRA, TA and grant of gratuity & leave encashment as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Fixation of salary, arrears, and grant of gratuity, encashment, DA, HRA, TA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Payment of arrears of salary as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Payment of DA, HRA, TA, gratuity for service 13 Jul 2013–31 Mar 2014 with 24 % interest. • Payment of arrears of salary and benefits as per 6ᵗʰ CPC with interest. • Payment of arrears and gratuity per 7ᵗʰ CPC with interest. • Implementation of 7ᵗʰ CPC under order dated 17 Oct 2017 from 1 Jan 2016; payment of all arrears & gratuity with interest. Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School 35 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Assistant Teacher. 36 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–6 worked as PRT, TGT, Assistant Teacher. 37 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as TGT. 38 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as TGT. 39 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as TGT, retired 30 Nov 2020. 40 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner appointed as PRT on 3 Jan 1994 (on probation). Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. 41 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner appointed on probation PRT (Science) by respondents 1 & 2 on 3 Jul 1991. 42 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1–61 worked as TGT, PRT, NTT, Librarian, Lab Assistant. 43 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Establishment In-charge. 44 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Nursery Teacher. 45 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Librarian since 1 Jan 2000. Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. • Payment of arrears of 6ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2006 with interest. • Implementation of 7ᵗʰ CPC under order dated 17 Oct 2017 from 1 Jan 2016; payment of all arrears & gratuity with interest. • Payment of arrears of 6ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2006 with interest. • Payment of arrears of salary as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. benefits • Payment of arrears of salary from 1 Jul 2021 onward, gratuity, DA, HRA, TA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Release of gratuity and terminal benefits, leave encashment, TA/DA arrears, interest as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Release benefits as per 7ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of arrears of benefits salary (gratuity, encashment, DA, HRA, TA) as per 6ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of same as per 7ᵗʰ CPC with 24 % interest. • Payment of arrears arising out of 6ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. • Fixation and payment as per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Minority Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School 2016 with 24 %. • Payment of DA as revised by Govt. of Delhi. • Restoration of February 2020 salary with 24 %. • Payment of arrears of salary arising out of 6ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. 46 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Assistant Teacher since 1 Apr 2009. • Fixation & arrears as per 7ᵗʰ CPC from 1 Jan 2016 @ 24 %. Private Unaided School 47 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner working as Art & Craft Teacher. 48 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Assistant Teacher. 49 W.P.(C)- • Petitioners 1 & 2 worked Assistant Teacher. as TGT 50 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as Lab Attendant. Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. • Payment of DA as revised by Delhi Govt with 24 %. salary, • Fixation of arrears, other allowances, NPL Bonus, LTC etc. as per 7ᵗʰ CPC with 12 % interest. • Payment of arrears of salary, allowances, DA, gratuity, encashment as per 7ᵗʰ CPC @ 24 %. • Payment of interim amount already released to others as per 7ᵗʰ CPC. • Payment of arrears of salary as per 6ᵗʰ and 7ᵗʰ CPC with 24 % interest. • Payment of illegally deducted salary with 24 %. • Fixation and payment of salary & arrears including DA as per 6ᵗʰ and 7ᵗʰ CPC. Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School Private Unaided School 51 W.P.(C)- • Petitioner worked as TGT. • Payment of arrears of salary and all allowances with DA as per 7ᵗʰ CPC with 9 % interest. Minority Unaided School

3. The claim of the teachers and the employers is based on the rights conferred under Section 10 of the Delhi School Education Act, 1973, (hereinafter referred to as „the DSE Act‟) the same reads as under: “Section 10. Salaries of employees. (1) The scales of pay and allowances, medical facilities, pension, gratuity, provident fund and other prescribed benefits of the employees of a recognised private school shall not be less than those of the employees of the corresponding status in schools run by the appropriate authority: Provided that where the scales of pay and allowances, medical facilities, pension, gratuity, provident fund and other prescribed benefits of the employees of any recognised private school are less than those of the employees of the corresponding status in the schools run by the appropriate authority, the appropriate authority shall direct, the managing committee of such school to bring the same up to the level of those of the employees of the corresponding status in schools run by the appropriate authority: Provided further that the failure to comply with such direction shall be deemed to be non-compliance with the conditions for continuing recognition of an existing school and the provisions of section 4 shall apply accordingly. in writing, (2) The managing committee of every aided school shall deposit, every month, its share towards pay and allowances, medical facilities, pension, gratuity, provident fund and other prescribed benefits with the Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Administrator and the Administrator shall disburse, or cause to be disbursed, within the first week of every month, the salaries and allowances to the employees of the aided schools.”

4. A perusal of the impugned Judgment indicates that the Department of Education supported the claim of the teachers by contending that the schools are liable to pay salaries as per the 6th and 7th CPC. The management of the Schools opposed the Writ Petitions by stating that several Writ Petitions ought to be dismissed on the grounds of latches and delay. It was also contended that if at all the prayers, as prayed for in the Writ Petitions, have to be granted, the arrears of not more than three years should be given to the teachers. It is also contended by some of the schools that the schools are not being permitted to raise the fee structure and, therefore, they are not in a position to pay salaries to their teachers in accordance with 6th and 7th CPC. Certain other objections like the eligibility of certain teachers to claim salaries in accordance with 6th and 7th CPC on several grounds like appointment of teachers not being done in a proper fashion etc. were also taken. Learned Single Judge, on the basis of the pleadings, framed certain common issues. Relevant portion of the Judgment where the learned Single Judge has framed the issues, reads as under: “59. It is pertinent to mention herein that by way of this combined judgment, this Court will be dealing with various issues pertaining to the present batch of petitions. Upon perusal of the contents of the petitions, as enumerated in the tabulated figure mentioned hereinabove, this Court has been able to draw out the following common issues required to be adjudicated in this petition:

1. Applicability of the recommendations of 7th Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. CPC on the recognized private unaided schools and recognized private unaided minority schools along with the arrears of 6th CPC (salaries, arrears of salaries and retirement/terminal benefits).

2. Delay and laches i. in claiming the arrears of retirement/terminal benefits; ii. in claiming the arrears of salaries qua the 6th CPC; iii. in claiming the arrears of salaries, allowances etc. qua the 7th CPC.”

5. While analyzing the various contentions raised by the Schools, like the paucity of funds etc., the learned Single Judge framed certain pointed issues at paragraph No.102 of the impugned Judgment which reads as under: “102. The relevant submissions and issues have been addressed herein above. At imperative adjudication of the instant batch of petitions and the same are as follows: following juncture, issues A) Whether paucity of funds can be a ground for non- implementation of 6th and 7th CPC by any recognized school? B) Whether it is mandatory for the private unaided school to implement the recommendations of 6th and 7th CPC? C) Whether it is mandatory for the private unaided minority School to implement the recommendations of 6th and 7th CPC? D) Whether the Writ Petitions are hit by delay and laches and claim can be restricted to 3 years only?” Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc.

6. The learned Single Judge, after placing reliance on the Judgments passed by the Apex Court, the Division Bench and the Single Bench of this Court, had held that the paucity of funds cannot be a ground for non- implementation of 6th and 7th CPC. The learned Single Judge has also rejected the argument of delay and latches. The contention of the schools that the claim of the teachers should be limited only to a period of three years has also been rejected by the learned Single Judge. The learned Single Judge has also held that Section 10 of the DSE Act is mandatory in nature and the teacher of private schools are entitled to the same benefits which are being given to their counter parts in schools run by various authorities. Vide the impugned Judgment, the learned Single Judge constituted a Committee. Purportedly, the purpose of the Committee was only to inspect the claims of the Petitioners and decide the same keeping in mind the various factors. Paragraph No.198-206 of the impugned Judgment, wherein the learned Single Judge has laid down the guidelines for the constitution of the Committee and its roles, reads as under: “198. Accordingly, this Court is of the considered view that this is a fit case to exercise its extraordinary writ jurisdiction and to ensure that there is implementation of the recommendations of Pay Commission. This Court shall ensure that the arrears of the petitioners‟ are being duly paid to them whilst ensuring that the schools have the requisite funds to pay the same to their staff.

199. This Court deems it necessary to authorize and for meticulous constitute inspection of the claims raised by the petitioners and the members thereto, and shall decide the same independent Committee Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. keeping in mind the various factors. is already constituted,

200. In the interest of justice, this Court is directing the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi to constitute a “High-Powered Committee” unless the implementation of recommendations and guidelines prescribed in the 6th and 7th CPC with regards to the salaries and arrears thereto, retirement/terminal benefits, arrears of allowances etc. and to draw up a plan of action which may help in achieving results at the ground-level. to supervise full cooperation

201. The various stakeholders are also directed to render the aforesaid „High- Powered Committee‟ bearing in mind that the issues being examined is the one which concerns all and sundry.

202. Since the facts and circumstances are peculiar to each stakeholder, therefore, the said Committee before passing any order, is directed to scrutinize the various aspects and only after due assessment of the eligibility, validity of appointment, amount, period of calculation, revision of fee etc., it shall pass the orders. The Committee shall undertake an exercise of identification the stakeholders individually. issues and claims of

203. The objectives of the Committee are summarized herein below:  The Committee must ensure that the staff of the school should not be left on a wing and a prayer. It must be ensured that the rightful dues of the staff should be paid to them without any further delay.  The Committee must devise a mechanism that the staffs of the schools are being paid their dues irrespective of the fact that the schools do not have Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. the requisite funds.  The Committee must ensure that the grievances of the superannuated employees of the schools are also being addressed by it. Moreover, the Committee must ensure that the retirement/terminal benefits to which the employees are entitled to shall be duly paid to them.  The Committee must look into the aspect that whether the staff of the schools who have been illegally appointed are entitled to the arrears of the 6th and 7th Pay Commissions.  The Committee shall ensure that there is a mechanism that in future too if any dispute arises pertaining recommendations of Pay Commission, the same may be addressed by way of the High-Powered Committee. Hence, the Committee shall ensure that there is a redressal of not merely the present disputes but also of the future dispute, that may arise. implementation

204. In view of the High-Powered the above, Committees shall be constituted at two levels, first at the „Central level‟ and second at the „Zonal level‟. Details of the said Committees are as follows:

1. Zonal level- (i) Members -  Zonal head of the concerned zone, i.e., the Zonal Education Officer.  One representative of the schools.  One reputed Chartered Accountant Institute of recommended by Chartered Accountants of India. (ii) This Committee shall deal with the issue of fee hike; salaries and other benefits due in terms of 7th CPC; arrears of salaries and other benefits due in terms of 6th CPC; Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. arrears of retirement/terminal benefits due in terms of 6th CPC and 7th CPC. (iii) It is directed that the Zonal level Committee shall convene the first meeting within eight weeks and shall, after hearing the parties, decide the claims of the various stakeholders observations made by this Court hereinabove and also law, in accordance with expeditiously, preferably within eight weeks of receiving the claim. in accordance with (iv) This Committee shall recommend its findings to the Committee constituted at the Central level for final decision.

2. Central level- (i) Members-  The Secretary of Education shall be the head of this Committee.  The Director of Education, DoE.  One reputed Chartered Accountant recommended by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.  One representative from the schools.  A reputed academician appointed by the Secretary in consultation with the other members. In the case of any disagreement the concerned academician, the recommendation of the Secretary shall prevail. the appointment of (ii) This Committee, after recommendations of the Zonal level Committee shall decide it, expeditiously, preferably within six weeks from issue recommended receiving Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. the date of receiving the said recommendation.

205. The DoE is directed to issue a notification within two weeks from the date of pronouncement of this the purpose of convening zonal judgment, committee, wherein, various stakeholders including teaching and non- teaching staff of several schools, who are aggrieved by the non-implementation of the Pay Commission shall file their claim before the concerned Zonal Committee. the grievances of addressed

206. This Court is of the opinion that by way of the the various said Committee stakeholders recommendations of the Pay Commissions will be implemented in accordance with the law and the observations/directions made by this Court in the foregoing paragraphs.”

7. It is this portion of the Order which has been challenged in the present batch of appeals. 8. The teachers have challenged the portion of the Order by which the claims of the teachers have been relegated to be decided by the Committees. It is contended by the learned Counsels appearing for the teachers that once the learned Single Judge has come to the conclusion that the teachers are entitled to the benefits of 6th and 7th CPC and also that the claims of the teachers cannot be restricted to only three years and that Section 10 of the DSE Act is mandatory in nature, the learned Single Judge ought to have allowed the Writ Petitions and not relegated the judicial function by constituting Committees at Zonal and Central level. 9. The Schools have also challenged the Order passed by the learned Single Judge. It is contended by the learned Counsels appearing for the Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Schools that the rights for private un-aided schools to fix their fee depending on their expenses, has been recognized by the Apex Court in T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 8 SCC 481. It is contended by the learned Counsels for the School that the learned Single Judge has not considered the right of the schools to fix their fee commensurate to their expenses which is recognized under Section 17 & 18 of the DSE Act and the Delhi School Education Rules, 1973. Sections 17 & 18 of the DSE Act reads as under: “Section 17. Fees and other charges. (1) No aided school shall levy any fee or collect any other charge or receive any other payment except those specified by the Director. (2) Every aided school having different rates of fees or other charges or different funds shall obtain prior approval of the prescribed authority before levying such fees or collecting such charges or creating such funds. (3) The manager of every recognised school shall, before the commencement of each academic session, file with the Director a full statement of the fees to be levied by such school during the ensuing academic session, and except with the prior approval of the Director, no such school shall charge, during that academic session, any fee in excess of the fee specified by its manager in the said statement. Section 18. School Fund. ***** (1) In every aided school, there shall be a fund, to be called the "School Fund", and there shall be credited thereto— (a) any aid granted by the Administrator, Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. (b) income accruing to the school by way of fees, charges or other payments, and (c) any other contributions, endowments and the like. (2) The School Fund and all other funds, including the Pupils' Fund, established with the approval of the Administrator, shall be accounted for and operated in accordance with the rules made under this Act. (3) In every recognised unaided school, there shall be a fund, to be called the "Recognised Unaided School Fund", and there shall be credited thereto income accruing to the school by way of— (a) fees, (b) any charges and payments which may be realised by the school for other specific purposes, (c) any other contributions, endowments, gifts and the like, (4) (a) Income derived by unaided schools by way of fees shall be utilised only for such educational purposes as may be prescribed; and (b) charges and payments realised and all other contributions, endowments and gifts received by the school shall be utilised only for the specific purpose for which they were realised or received. (5) The managing committee of every recognised private school shall file every year with the Director such duly audited financial and other returns as may be prescribed, and every such return shall be audited by such authority as may be prescribed.”

10. Learned Counsels for the Schools place reliance on the Judgment passed by the Division Bench of this Court in Social Jurist v. Govt. (NCT of Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Delhi), 2019 SCC OnLine Del 11404, wherein the Division Bench of this Court has recognized the rights of the schools to fix their fee. Learned Counsels for the Schools have also taken this Court to an Order passed by the Apex Court in its Order dated 02.01.2024 in Special Leave Petition (Civil) Diary No(s).48722/2023, titled as “Greenfields Public School v. Anchla & Ors.”, wherein the School therein had challenged the directions to implement the 7th CPC on the ground that their right to fix fee has been curtailed and they cannot be directed to pay salary as per the 7th CPC. Learned Counsels for the School has taken this Court through the said order which reads as under: “3. The petitioner is a private school and is concerned with the direction given in the impugned judgment dated 23.08.2023 in the LPA No.567/2023 whereunder the Division Bench of the High Court observed that since the school is paying salaries to their serving employees as per the recommendation of the 7th Pay Commission, such salary benefit cannot be denied to those employees, who have since retired from service. interested salary as per

4. Learned senior counsel submits that the school is in recommendation of the 7th Pay Commission for their employees. But the counsel then refers to the interim order passed in the connected group proceedings on 24.05.2019 (Annexure P-8) whereby the concerned schools were restrained fee. Simultaneously the Director of Education was also restrained from taking any coercive action against the Schools. The said interim order was made absolute on 19.09.2019 (Annex-P-9). The counsel informs that those writ petitions are pending final consideration before the High Court. from hiking Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc.

5. As can be seen from paragraph 14 of the judgment dated 2.6.2023 in W.P (C) No.6521/2021, an interim order was passed in the Writ Petition (Civil) No.1635 of 2020 titled Rambir Singh Malik & Ors. v. Greenfield Public School and Others, whereunder direction was issued to disburse only 25% of the arrears, to the petitioners in the said proceeding. to remit salary under

6. According to the Mr. Divan although the school is interested the 7th Pay Commission but their concern is the Court‟s restraint order on raising fee, to enable the School to bear the burden of salary arrears.

7. Taking note of above submission, subject to the petitioner depositing 25% of the arrears payable to the concerned writ petitioners in WP (C) No.6521/2021 in the High Court, notice returnable in four weeks is issued. The petitioners are granted eight weeks‟ time to compute and deposit the arrear sum in the Registry of the High Court. The writ petitioners in the High Court are at liberty thereafter to receive the amount, as per their entitlement. Subject to the aforesaid deposit of 25%, the payment of the remaining part of the arrears shall remain stayed.

8. However, this limited intervention should not be understood as restraining continuing with the ongoing group cases.” the High Court

11. It is stated by the learned Counsels for the Schools that the learned Single Judge has not even adverted to the said Order. They state that since the issue of implementation of the recommendations of the 7th CPC is pending before the Apex Court, the learned Single Judge ought not to have adjudicated the matter. 12. It is further stated by the learned Counsels appearing for the Schools Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. that Petitions have been filed by the schools against the Government for enforcing their rights to fix fee in terms of the provisions of the DSE Act before this Court and the said Petitions have substantially been heard by another learned Single Judge of this Court. 13. Heard the learned Counsels for the teachers and the schools and perused the material on record. 14. In the opinion of this Court, the portion of the impugned Judgment wherein the learned Single Judge has constituted Committees at the Zonal and Central level to deal with the issues of fee hike, payment of salaries to the teachers as per the recommendations of the 6th and 7th CPC, and to consider as to whether the teachers would be entitled to the claims as sought for in the Writ Petitions, actually tantamounts to relegating the judicial functions to the said Committees, which is not permissible in law. Undoubtedly, the Courts, in exercise of their powers under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, can constitute committees but these committees are only fact finding in nature. Judicial functions cannot be relegated to these Committees. What the learned Single Judge has done is that he has conferred upon the Committees judicial power to decide entitlement/claim of teachers by considering their claims and the objections raised by the Schools. Furthermore, there is no representative of the teachers in the Committee. At best, the learned Single Judge could have formed these Committees to furnish a report to the Court and then the Court ought to have adjudicated upon the issues raised by the teachers and the schools without giving the Committees the power to decide the issues. 15. In Kantha Vibhag Yuva Koli Samaj Parivartan Trust v. State of Gujarat, (2023) 13 SCC 525, the Apex Court has observed as under: Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. . On “17. It is first important to differentiate Expert Committees which are set up by the courts/tribunals from those set up by the Government in exercise of executive powers or under a particular statute. The latter are set up due to their technical expertise in a given area, and their reports are, subject to judicially observed restraints, open to judicial review before the courts when decisions are taken solely based upon them. The precedents of this Court unanimously note that courts should be circumspect in rejecting the opinion of these committees, unless they find their decision to be manifestly arbitrary or mala fide [Basavaiah v. H.L. Ramesh, (2010) 8 SCC 372 : (2010) 2 SCC (L&S) 640 (in relation to appointment in an academic institution); State of Kerala v. RDS Project Ltd., (2020) 9 SCC 108 (in relation to safety of a flyover project)] courts/tribunals themselves set up Expert Committees on occasion. These committees are set up because the fact-finding exercise in many matters can be complex, technical and time-consuming, and may often require the committees field visits. These committees are set up with specific terms of reference outlining their mandate, and their reports have to conform to the mandate. Once these committees submit their final reports to the court/tribunal, it is open to the parties to object to them, which is then adjudicated upon. The role of these Expert Committees does not substitute the adjudicatory role of the court or tribunal. The role of an Expert Committee appointed by an adjudicatory forum is only to assist it in the exercise of adjudicatory functions by providing them better data and factual clarity, which is also open to challenge by all the parties concerned. Allowing for objections to be raised and considered makes the process fair and participatory for all the stakeholders.” the other hand, to conduct

16. A reading of the abovementioned Judgment shows that the Apex Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Court was clear that the committees which are set-up by the Court are different from the committees set up by the Government conferring certain adjudicatory rights. The Courts cannot relegate judicial functions to the Committees asking them to adjudicate upon a lis which is the function of Courts/Tribunals. The judicial functions are to be discharged by the Judges and cannot be delegated to any Committee formed by Courts. Committees can only be constituted by the Courts to give a report on the facts to assist the Court in adjudicating rival claims. 17. The Apex Court in Jamal Uddin Ahmad v. Abu Saleh Najmuddin, (2003) 4 SCC 257, has observed as under:- “14. The judicial function entrusted to a Judge is inalienable and differs from an administrative or function which can be delegated or ministerial performance whereof may be secured through authorization. involves cases. This “The judicial function consists in the interpretation of the law and its application by rule or discretion to the facts of particular ascertainment of facts in dispute according to the law of evidence. The organs which the State sets up to exercise the judicial function are called courts of law or courts of justice. Administration consists of the operations, whatever their intrinsic nature may be, which are performed by administrators; and administrators are all State officials who are neither legislators nor judges.” (See Constitutional and Administrative Law, Phillips and Jackson, 6th Edn., p. 13.) P. Ramanatha Aiyar's Law Lexicon defines judicial function as the doing of something in the nature of or in the course of an action in court. (p. 1015) The distinction between “judicial” Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. and “ministerial acts” is: If a Judge dealing with a particular matter has to exercise his discretion in arriving at a decision, he is acting judicially; if on the other hand, he is merely required to do a particular act and is precluded from entering into the merits of the matter, he is said to be acting ministerially. (pp. 1013-14) Judicial function is exercised under legal authority to decide on the disputes, after hearing the parties, maybe after making an enquiry, and the decision affects the rights and obligations of the parties. There is a duty to act judicially. The Judge may construe the law and apply it to a particular state of facts presented for the determination of the controversy. A ministerial act, on the other hand, may be defined to be one which a person performs in a given state of facts, in a prescribed manner, in obedience to the mandate of a legal authority, without regard to, or the exercise of, his own judgment upon the propriety of the act done. (Law Lexicon, ibid., p. 1234). In ministerial duty nothing is left to discretion; it is a simple, definite duty. Presentation of election petition to the High Court within the meaning of Section 81 of the Act without anything more would mean delivery of election petition to the High Court through one of its officers competent or authorized to receive the same on behalf of and for the High Court. Receiving an election petition presented under Section 81 of the Act is certainly not a judicial function which needs to be performed by a Judge alone. There is no discretion in receiving an election petition. An election petition, when presented, has to be received. It is a simple, definite duty. The date and time of presentation and the name of the person who presented (with such other particulars as may be prescribed) are to be endorsed truly and mechanically on the document presented. It is a Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. ministerial function simpliciter. It can safely be left to the administrative or be performed by one of ministerial staff of the High Court which is as much a part of the High Court. It may be delegated or be performed through someone authorized. The manner of authorization is not prescribed. is entrusted

15. The High Court, in authorizing an official to receive an election petition either by collective decision of all the Judges or under the directions of the Chief Justice of the High Court, does not “delegate” any of its functions, much less a judicial function; it merely “authorizes” an official to do an act incidental to the main judicial function of trial of an election petition which the High Court exercisable ordinarily by a Single Judge of the High Court assigned by the Chief Justice for that purpose. Such authorization whether made by Rules of the High Court or by decision of the Court or by an order of the Chief Justice shall hold good unless there be a provision to the contrary in the Act or in the rules framed by the Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 169 of the Act, which there is none.”

18. In view of the above, this Court is not in a position to sustain that portion of the Order of the learned Single Judge wherein he has formed the Committees at the zonal and the central level to decided the issues of the teachers and the school. 19. There is also force in the contention raised by the schools that several contentions of the schools like eligibility of teachers for claiming benefit as per the recommendations of 6th and 7th CPC, their mode of appointment, the issue regarding rights of the schools to hike fee, etc., have gone un-noticed. In the opinion of this Court, these issues were raised before the learned Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc. Single Judge but the same have not been referred to in the impugned Judgment. 20. In view of the above, this Court is inclined to set aside the impugned Judgment and remand the matter back to the Roster Bench for fresh consideration. It is made clear that this Court has not made any observations on the merits of the case and all the rights and contentions of the parties are left open to be adjudicated by the learned Single Judge. 21. With these observations, the appeals are disposed of along with the pending applications, if any. SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD, J VIMAL KUMAR YADAV, J OCTOBER 10, 2025 Rahul Signature Not Verified Digitally Signed By:HARIOM SINGH KIRMOLIYA Signing Date:27.10.2025 16:49:57 LPA 762/2023 etc.