Patna High Court
Case Details
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 5203 of 2010 ====================================================== Dr. Kanhaiya Jee Jha .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors. Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 6030 of 2012 ====================================================== Kailash Sharma & Ors. .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3710 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Smt. Kanti Pd. .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The T.M.Bhagalpur University & Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 5574 of 2012 ====================================================== Dr. Vinay Kishore Singh & Ors. .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 5544 of 2012 ====================================================== Dr. Hari Sumiran Singh & Ors. .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3747 of 2011 ====================================================== Muchkund Thakur & Ors .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3535 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Pramanand Singh .... .... Respondent/s
Legal Reasoning
Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 2/15 .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3656 of 2011 ====================================================== Ram Bilas Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3655 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Parasu Ram Yadav & Ors .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3953 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Bimla Pd. Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2562 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Sushil Kumar Jha .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The T.M.Bhagalpur University Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 5089 of 2011 ====================================================== Siya Devi .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 4362 of 2011 ====================================================== Achuta Nand Kumar .... .... Respondent/s Dr. K.N.Dubey & Ors Versus .... .... Petitioner/s .... .... Respondent/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 3/15 WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 4995 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Vijoy Kumar .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1318 of 2009 ====================================================== Radha Krishna Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 658 of 2012 ====================================================== Dr. Shree Shankar Jha & Ors .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 402 of 2012 ====================================================== Dilip Pd. Lal .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1822 of 2010 ====================================================== Dr. Kedar Nath Kumar 'Kant' & Ors. .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Versus State Of Bihar & Ors. WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3873 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Arun Kumar & Ors .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Dr. Arun Kumar The Vice Chance Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 5328 of 2011 ====================================================== Lalita Devi Yadav .... .... Respondent/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 4/15 .... .... Petitioner/s Dr. Arun Kumar , The V.C. M.U. Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 4141 of 2010 ====================================================== Dr.Subodh Jha .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 4158 of 2010 ====================================================== Dr.Bishwanath Jha .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 659 of 2011 ====================================================== Chandra Bhushan Pd. Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors. Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1430 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Rajeshwar Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Dr. Arbind Kumar ,The Vice Cha Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2265 of 2011 ====================================================== Krishna Deo Pd. Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2294 of 2011 ====================================================== Durga Sharan Singh & Ors .... .... Respondent/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus .... .... Petitioner/s .... .... Respondent/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 5/15 WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2295 of 2011 ====================================================== Kedar Chaudhary .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2488 of 2011 ====================================================== Chandra Kishore Sharma .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The B.R.A. Bihar University Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2522 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Anil Sharma & Ors .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2615 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Damyanti Kumari .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3033 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Ban Mala .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3126 of 2011 ====================================================== Pulis Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus
Legal Reasoning
WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1977 of 2011 ====================================================== Sri Parmanand & Ors .... .... Respondent/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 6/15 .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2038 of 2011 ====================================================== Most. Jayanti Devi .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2244 of 2011 ====================================================== Bhagalpur University (Service) Teacher Association .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Dr. K.N.Dubey The Vice-Chancel Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2248 of 2011 ====================================================== Prof. Arun Pd. Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Dr. Arbind Kumar ,The Vice Cha Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2288 of 2011 ====================================================== Prof. Hari Shankar Pd. Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Dr. Rajendra Mishra Vice Chanc Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2595 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Mithilesh Kumar Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2656 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Mithilesh Kr. Sinha & Ors .... .... Respondent/s Dr. K.N.Dubey The Vice Chancel Versus .... .... Petitioner/s .... .... Respondent/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 7/15 WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 4462 of 2012 ====================================================== Dr. Siya Ram Rai .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2863 of 2012 ====================================================== Deobrat Mahto .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2861 of 2012 ====================================================== Dr. Amrendra Pd. Yadav .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2862 of 2012 ====================================================== Dr. Devendra Choudhary .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2878 of 2012 ====================================================== Ramashish Pd. Mahto .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 5353 of 2011 ====================================================== Madhuri Jha & Ors .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2854 of 2012 ====================================================== Dr. Arun Kumar Ghosh .... .... Respondent/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 8/15 .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2860 of 2012 ====================================================== Abdul Jabbar Ali .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1509 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Anjani Kumar Choudhary & Ors. .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors. Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3642 of 2008 ====================================================== Dr. Navkant Jha .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Anjani Kumar Singh & Ors Versus .... .... Respondent/s WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2802 of 2013 IN Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No 18552 of 2009 ====================================================== Smt. Madhulika Sharma .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus .... .... Respondent/s WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 3117 of 2013 IN Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No 18552 of 2009 ====================================================== Shiv Nath Mandar .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 2912 of 2013 IN Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No 18552 of 2009 .... .... Respondent/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 9/15 ====================================================== Dr. Shyam Kumar & Ors. .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 384 of 2011 ====================================================== Ram Mohan Prasad Mehta .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors. Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 521 of 2011 ====================================================== Prabhakar Mahto .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors. Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 616 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Ram Naresh Chandra Singh .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s The State Of Bihar & Ors. Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1734 of 2011 ====================================================== Anant Mohan Jha .... .... Respondent/s Versus .... .... Petitioner/s The Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1820 of 2011 ====================================================== Dr. Renu Mowar & Ors .... .... Respondent/s .... .... Petitioner/s Dr. Arbind Kumar ,The Vice Cha Versus WITH Miscellaneous Jurisdiction Case No 1822 of 2011 ====================================================== Smt. Pusplata Kumari .... .... Respondent/s Versus .... .... Petitioner/s Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 10/15 Dr. Arbind Kumar ,The Vice Cha .... .... Respondent/s ====================================================== Appearance : (In MJC No.5203 of 2010) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Subhash Pd. Singh Ga8 (In MJC No.6030 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Dr. Anjani Pd. Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Ravindra Kr Choubey Sc8 (In MJC No.3710 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Purushottam Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Ashok Kumar Keshri Aag11 (In MJC No.5574 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Ashok Kumar Dubey For the Respondent/s : Mr. (In MJC No.5544 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Ashok Kumar Dubey For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.3747 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.3535 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.3656 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.3655 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.3953 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Girija Shankar Pd Gp1 (In MJC No.2562 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Purushottam Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.5089 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Hemant Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Rajiv Roy Gp5 (In MJC No.4362 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Ajay Mukherjee For the Respondent/s : Mr. Prabhakar Tekriwal Ga1 (In MJC No.4995 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.1318 of 2009) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. (Sc14) Mr. Pushkar Nr. Shahi (In MJC No.658 of 2012) Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 11/15 For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.402 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Hemant Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. S.D. Sanjay Aag12 (In MJC No.1822 of 2010) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. (Sc14) Mr. Santosh Kumar Jha Mr. P.N.Shahi (In MJC No.3873 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Raghav Prasad No.-1 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.5328 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Raghav Prasad No.-1 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.4141 of 2010) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Hemant Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. (Gp21) (In MJC No.4158 of 2010) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Hemant Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. (Gp21) (In MJC No.659 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. J.S. Arora Sc6 (In MJC No.1430 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Raghav Prasad No.-1 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.2265 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. S.D. Sanjay Aag12 (In MJC No.2294 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2295 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2488 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Purushottam Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2522 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Din Bandhu Singh (In MJC No.2615 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.3033 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.3126 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 12/15 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.1977 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Praveen Kumar Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.2038 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Virendra Prasad For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2244 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Ajay Mukherjee For the Respondent/s : Mr. Kundan Bhadur Singh Sc22 (In MJC No.2248 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Raghav Prasad No.-1 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.2288 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Raghav Prasad No.-1 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.2595 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Virendra Prasad For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2656 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Ajay Mukherjee For the Respondent/s : Mr. Kundan Bhadur Singh Sc22 (In MJC No.4462 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Pramod Mishra For the Respondent/s : Mr. Namrta Mishra Gp17 (In MJC No.2863 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2861 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2862 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2878 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.5353 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Pramod Mishra For the Respondent/s : Mr. Ajay Bihari Sinha Sc19 (In MJC No.2854 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.2860 of 2012) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.1509 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Pramod Kumar For the Respondent/s : Mr. Ram Balak Mahto Ag (In MJC No.3642 of 2008) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Shashi Bhushan Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr. (Sc21) Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 13/15 Mr. Partha Sarthy Mr. Pushkar Nr. Shahi (In MJC No.384 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Hemant Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Prashant Pratap Gp6 (In MJC No.521 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Hemant Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Rajiv Roy Gp5 (In MJC No.616 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Hemant Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Rajiv Roy Gp5 (In MJC No.1734 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Purushottam Kumar Jha For the Respondent/s : Mr. Dinbandhu Singh Gp9 (In MJC No.1820 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Raghav Prasad No.-1 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 (In MJC No.1822 of 2011) For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Raghav Prasad No.-1 For the Respondent/s : Mr. Nivedita Nirvikar Gp3 ====================================================== CORAM: HON’BLE MR JUSTICE NAVANITI PRASAD SINGH ORAL ORDER 12 03-07-2013 Heard the learned counsels for the petitioners, State and Universities. These matters relate to and arise out of a writ proceeding by which this Court had issued certain directions with regard to the pay scale of Readers. The judgment having attained finality and not being implemented, this batch of contempt applications were filed. In the long period of three years, these contempt applications have been pending. Now, it is clear that Universities are paying the Readers as per the appropriate scale, as determined by this Court. There still remains controversy with regard to arrears. Universities state that they have no adequate funds Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 14/15 whereas on behalf of the State, it is stated that, from time to time, substantial funds have been released and it is for the Universities to prioritize its utilization. Shri S K Ghosh, learned Senior Counsel appearing for T M Bhagalpur University points out that this liberty of prioritizing utilization is not to be found anywhere in any communication of the State. To the contrary, whenever any fund is released to any University, it has a strict rider for utilization and diversion to any other cause is prohibited. Be that as it may, in view of the stand taken by the State before this Court today that Universities can prioritize its utilization, the only inference can be that notwithstanding the rider put by the State while releasing the funds, it would be the prerogative of the University to decide as to what would be its first priority for utilizing that fund and State shall have no objection in that regard. So long as the first priority is concerned, it is for compliance of Court orders. Let it be noted, for the sake of protection of all officers concerned, that this order of this Court would override any stipulation of the State while releasing any fund with respect to any payment in past or in future. In view of the aforesaid order, Universities shall now, on war footing, clear the arrears in these regards. Universities should also, in view of this fair stand of the State, make endeavours to Patna High Court MJC No.5203 of 2010 (12) dt.03-07-2013 15/15 comply with Court orders at the earliest without waiting for funds from the State. It goes without saying that as Universities have no printing press for printing currency of its own nor it has own source of income, State would be prompt in releasing funds, as demanded by the Universities. In view of the orders passed today, I do not consider it necessary to continue with these proceedings any longer. These
Decision
proceedings are disposed of accordingly. M.E.H./- (Navaniti Prasad Singh)