Gyan Singh v. Sons of late Sardar Raja Singh
Case Details
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA First Appeal No.462 of 1985 =========================================================== 1. Most.Shanti Devi, Daughter of Late Sitaram Mahto. 2. Kanti Devi, D/o Sitaram Mahto and wife of Awadhesh Singh of Mohalla- Baulia, P.S.-Sasaram. 3. Kapil Muni Mahto. 4. Jitendra Mahto. Both Sons of late Sitaram Mahto and Mother Late Lakshmina Devi @ Piyaris. 5. Shankar Mahto. 6. Narsingh Mahto. Son of late Sitaram Mahto who have now become majors. 7. Dulariya Devi, Wife of Lalli Khatik, D/o Late Banwari Khatik. 8. Ramsewak Ram Khatik, Son of late Banwari Khatik. All residents of Mohalla- Daltenganj Sasaram, P.S.-Sasaram, District-Rohtas. 9. Rajesh Kumar. 10. Anil @ Anil Kumar. 11. Permendra Kumar. 12. Rakesh Kumar. 13. Fantus Kumar. All sons of late Chhotey Lal Khatik. All are resident of Mohalla-Daltenganj Sasaram, P.S.-Sasaram, District-Rohtas. 14. Gudiya Devi, Wife of Baleram Sonhar, Resident of Mohalla-Maruodih Varanasi, District-Varanasi( Uttar Pradesh). .... .... Appellants. 1. Bhagwan Singh. 2. Gyan Singh. Versus Sons of late Sardar Raja Singh. 3. Shanti Devi, Wife of name not known. 4. Kusum Devi , Wife of name not known. 5. Meera Devi, Wife of name not known. 6. Manohar Kumari, Wife of name not known. Daughters of late Sardar Raja Singh al now majors. All residents of Mohalla- Mahajantola. P.O.- Sasaram, P.S.-Sasaram, District- Rohtas. Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 2 7. Lalman Khatik , Son of Purnmasi Khatik, Resident of Mohalla- Daltenganj Sasaram, P.S.-Sasaram, District-Rohtas. 8. Bansropan Mahto, Son of Mangru Matho, Residents of Mohalla- Daltenganj
Facts
Sasaram, P.S.-Sasaram, District-Rohtas.----------Plaintiffs- Respondents. 9. Bulaki Ram, Son of Ganesh Ram, Resident of Mohalla-Mobarakpur, Kasba- Sasaram, P.S.- Sasaram, District-Rohtas(Sasaram).—Intervener-Respondent.
Legal Reasoning
laid down in a bench decision of this court in the case of Mohammad Usman Khan Vs. Amir Mian A.I.R. 1949 Pat. 237 where the validity of an oral gift in lieu of dower debt specifically came up for consideration. Their lordships have held that such a transaction is not a true hiba-bil-ewaz but a sale as defined in Transfer of Property Act and thus, cannot confer valid title upon the donee in absence of a registered instrument if the property is more Rs. 100 in value. In view of this authoritative pronouncement on the question by this court there is no difficulty in coming to the conclusion that Bibi Kadiran did not acquire valid title over the suit lands on the basis of oral gift by her husband Amjad Ali in lieu of dower-debt. It is nowhere the case of the plaintiff that suit lands are less than Rs. 100/- in value. The learned court below has, therefore, definitely committed error in law in upholding the validity of the oral gift in lieu of dower-debt by Amjad Ali in favour of his wife Bibi Kadiran and the said finding is accordingly set aside. 12. Once it has been found that Bibi Kadiran did not acquire valid title over the suit lands, the transfer of the suit lands by her in favour of Bibi Nazboon by settlement also cannot be sustained in law and it is held that Bibi Nazboon did not acquire valid title over the suit land by settlement from Bibi Kadiran. By way of necessary Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 11 corollary, it is also held that the plaintiffs have not acquired title over the suit land on the basis of the sale deeds executed in their favour by Bibi Nazboon. In view of the categorical case of the plaintiffs to be title holder of the suit land on the basis of purchase, their simultaneous plea of acquisition of title over the same by adverse possession cannot be countenanced. 13. In view of the reliefs prayed in the suit, the plaintiffs, according to the well settled principles in this regard, are required to establish their title over the suit lands and the weakness in the claim of the defendants will not enure to the benefits of the plaintiffs to have a decree in their favour for recovery of possession on the basis of title. The learned court below has apparently allowed its reasonings to be swayed by the defendants’ failure to establish their title over the suit land by settlement from Amjad Ali. The findings of the learned court below in favour of the plaintiffs mainly on the basis of the weakness in the case of the defendants, are therefore vulnerable and deserves to be overturned. 14. In the result this appeal succeeds and the impugned judgment and decree passed by the learned court below are set aside. The suit filed by the plaintiffs is dismissed. Nitesh/- (V. Nath, J)
Arguments
=========================================================== Appearance : For the Appellant/s : Mr. Shashi Shekhar Dwivedi, Sr. Adv. Mr. Rajendra Kishore Prasad, Adv. Mrs Rekha Prasad, Adv. For the Respondent/s : None =========================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE V. NATH ORAL JUDGMENT Date: 19-11-2013 V.Nath, J. Taking exceptions to the judgment and decree dated 30.04.1985 passed by Additional Sub Judge-IV, Sasaram in T.S. No. 66/23 of 67 of 84, decreeing the suit, the defendants have filed this appeal. 2. The plaintiffs filed the suit for declaration of their title and recovery of possession with regard to the suit land as mentioned in schedule-A of the plaint after setting aside the order passed in favour of the defendants in a proceeding under Section 145 Cr.P.C. The plaintiffs also made the prayer for entitlement to withdraw Rs. 1100/- which was the amount of sale proceeds deposited during the pendency of the 145 Cr.P.C. proceeding. 3. The relevant case of the plaintiffs is that Amjad Ali acquired properties by sale deed dated 01.07.1931 and 13.05.1941. Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 3 After the partition of India in the year 1947, Amjad Ali went to Pakistan where he died about 14 years before filing of the suit. It is the case of the plaintiffs that Amjad Ali, about 20-23 years ago transferred the properties acquired by him through two sale deeds in favour of his wife Bibi Kadiran by oral gift in lieu of dower-debt and Bibi Kadiran accepted the gift and released Amjad Ali from the dower-debt. Thereafter, Bibi Kadiran in the year 1359 fasli (corresponding to 1952) settled the gifted lands to Bibi Najboon wife of Sheikh Salamatulla and put the settlee in possession. It is also case of the plaintiffs that Bibi Kadiran died about 12 years before filing of the suit. The plaintiffs have claimed their title over the suit land on the basis of the three sale deeds executed by Bibi Najboon in their favour with regard to the land taken by her in settlement from Bibi Kadiran. The plaintiffs have alleged that the defendants started interfering in their possession over the suit land which led to a proceeding under Section 145 Cr.P.C. but the final order was wrongly passed on 25.07.1966 in favour of the defendants and on the strength of that order the defendants dispossessed the plaintiffs from the suit land. It is, therefore, the specific case of the plaintiffs that the suit lands mentioned in schedule-A of the plaint are their purchased property from Bibi Najboon who in turn had taken those lands in settlement from Bibi Kadiran and the plaintiffs were continuing in possession Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 4 over the same till their dispossession by the defendants after the order passed in the proceeding under Section 145 Cr.P.C. 4. The suit has been contested by defendant nos. 1, 3 and 6 who filed their joint written statement. These defendants have accepted that the suit property originally belonged to Amjad Ali. However, they have claimed in paragraph-12 of their written statement that Amjad Ali settled the suit lands 24-25 years ago with them and since thereafter they have been coming in possession of the same. These defendants have denied the fact that Amjad Ali transferred the suit land by oral gift to his wife Bibi Kadiran in lieu of dower-debt and they have further denied the possession of Bibi Kadiran over the suit land on the basis of the said oral gift. These defendants have also denied the case of settlement of the suit land with Bibi Najboon by Bibi Kadiran and have stated that the documents, receipts and the return have been fabricated by the plaintiffs in order to take undue advantage. It has been asserted by these defendants that the order passed under Section 145 Cr.P.C. proceeding has been correctly passed after appreciation of the evidence and materials brought on record. It is also further case of these defendants that after the death of Amjad Ali, his widow Bibi Kadiran used to realize rent from these defendants but with malafide intention the return was not submitted for the suit lands in the name of Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 5 these defendants. The defendants have claimed that the Register II (Jamabandi) has been later on created in their favour for the suit lands on the petition filed by them. 5. In view of the rival pleadings of the parties, the learned court below has framed altogether ten issues out of which issue nos. 4,5,6 and 8 have been determined as material issues which are as follows:- Issue No.4:- Is the plaintiffs’ case of oral Hibba by Amjad Ali in favour of his wife Bibi Kadiran true and whether Bibi Kadiran acquired absolute right, title and interest and came in possession of the suit property? Issue No.5:- Whether Bibi Kadiran settled the lands of Schedule A with Najboon who was wife of her brother and whether Bibi Najboon came in possession over the land after such settlement? Issue No.6:- Whether the sale deeds executed by Bibi Najboon in favour of Sardar Raja Ram Singh in respect of suit land are genuine, legal, valid and for consideration? Issue No.8:- Whether the defendant’s case of settlement of land of Plot No.20 by Amjad Ali in their favour true? 6. After scrutiny of the evidence in view of the respective pleadings of the parties, the trial court has come to the finding that the gift deed executed by Amjad Ali in favour of his wife Bibi Kadiran in Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 6 lieu of dower-debt was legally valid and Bibi Kadiran acquired title and possession over the suit land on that basis. It has been also held that Bibi Kadiran thereafter settled the suit land with Bibi Najboon who was wife of her brother and put her in possession. Sequentially it has been further concluded that the sale deeds executed by Bibi Nazboon in favour of the plaintiffs transferring the suit land in their favour are legally valid documents conferring title and possession upon the plaintiffs over the suit land. It has been further found by the trial court that the defendants have failed to establish the settlement of the suit land with them by Amjad Ali. In view of these findings the trial court has decreed the suit by the impugned judgment and decree declaring the title of the plaintiffs over the suit land and holding them entitled to recovery of possession. 7. Mr S.S.Dwivedi, the learned senior counsel has appeared on behalf of the defendant-appellants. No body has appeared on behalf of the plaintiff-respondents when the appeal has been called out for hearing. 8. Mr Dwivedi, the learned senior counsel, at the outset has submitted that a short question arises for consideration in this appeal as to whether an oral gift in lieu of dower-debt is valid in law and the donee on that basis can claim to have acquired title and possession over the gifted land. It has been urged that the title of Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 7 Amjad Ali over the suit land is not in dispute and both the plaintiffs and the defendants claim to have derived title over the suit lands through him or his transferee inasmuch as the plaintiffs’ claim is based on the sale deeds executed by the settlee from the donee of Amjad Ali and on the other hand, the defendants claim to have taken the suit land in settlement from Amjad Ali himself. Elaborating the submissions, it has been argued that the plaintiffs have filed the suit for declaration of title and recovery of possession and as such the burden of proof of establishing their valid title over the suit land lies heavily on them and if the plaintiffs are found to have failed to discharge this burden the weakness in the case of the defendants becomes immaterial and the suit is to be dismissed. The learned senior counsel has thereafter relied upon a bench decision of this Court in the case of Mohammad Usman Khan Vs. Amir Mian A.I.R. 1949 Patna 237 and on that basis has proponed that a transaction of gift in lieu of dower-debt is in fact a sale and no title can pass on that basis unless the gift is made through a registered document as required in law. It has been canvassed therefore that once the oral gift in favour of Bibi Kadiran in lieu of dower debt is found to be invalid, the subsequent case of acquisition of title by Bibi Nazboon through settlement from Bibi Kadiran and execution of the sale deeds by her in favour of the plaintiffs would fall through. Mr Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 8 Dwivedi, the learned senior counsel has pointed out that even according to the averments made in the plaint Amjad Ali died some time in the year 1953 and as such also Bibi Kadiran could not have acquired title in the property even by inheritance before the death of Amjad Ali in order to make a valid transfer by settlement before 1953. It has been further pointed out that the possession of the defendant-appellants over the suit land is an admitted fact by the plaintiffs and as such the relief for recovery of possession cannot be allowed unless the plaintiffs establish their valid title over the suit land. It has been finally submitted that the learned court below has ignored these glaring facts and instead of enquiring into the claim of title by the plaintiffs, has mainly concentrated into the consideration of the case of the defendants. 9. In view of the contention on behalf of the appellants the singular issue arises for consideration in this appeal is with regard to the validity of the transfer made by Amjad Ali in favour of Bibi Kadiran by oral gift in lieu of dower-debt. 10. From the pleadings of the parties, it is apparent that the title of Amjad Ali over the suit lands is not in dispute. It is also the case of the plaintiffs that the defendants are in possession over the suit lands and therefore the relief for recovery of possession has been prayed. However, the plaintiffs have come out with the case that Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 9 Amjad Ali who purchased the suit lands through sale deeds of the year 1941 transferred the same through oral gift in favour of his wife Bibi Kadiran in lieu of dower-debt in the year 1944-45 and Bibi Kadiran after accepting the said gift released him from the liability of the said debt. It is further case of the plaintiffs that Bibi Kadiran thereafter made settlement of the gifted lands in favour of Bibi Nazboon who was her brothers’ wife and Bibi Nazboon in turn had sold those lands (suit lands) in favour of the plaintiffs by executing three sale deeds in their favour on 24.03.1964. The settlement in favour of Bibi Nazboon is said to have been made in the year 1359 Fasli corresponding to 1952 and it has been averred in paragraph-3 of the plaint that Amjad Ali died in the year 1953. The plaintiffs, thus, in definite terms have claimed that Bibi Kadiran acquired title and possession over the suit land on the basis of oral gift by her husband Amjad Ali in lieu of dower debt. 11. From the perusal of the impugned judgment it transpires that the question of validity of the oral gift in lieu of dower- debt by Amjad Ali in favour of his wife Bibi Kadiran has been specifically raised and the learned court below has come to the finding that such oral gift by Amjad Ali in favour of Bibi Kadiran in lieu of dower-debt was legally valid and conveyed valid right, title, interest and possession over the gifted lands in favour of Bibi Patna High Court FA No.462 of 1985 dt.19-11-2013 10 Kadiran. However, this finding is entirely inconsistent with the law