SHIV SHANKAR SINGH v. STATE OF BIHAR & Anr.

A the night of 6.12.2004 - one was lodged by the appellant on the same night stating that a dacoity was committed in his house and in the house of his brother, namely, 'KS', by respondent no. 2 and others wherein lots of valuable properties were looted and 'GS' was killed by the dacoits; B and the another FIR was registered on 29.12.2004 consequent upon a case filed by 'KS', the father of the deceased, u/s 156 (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, stating that the appellant and his associates had killed 'GS', as the accused wanted to grab the immovable C property. The appellant filed a Protest Petition on 4.4.2005; but no orders were passed thereon. The investigation in the FIR dated 6.12.2004 resulted in a Final Report u/s 173 Cr.P.C filed by the police on 9.4.2005 to the effect that the case was totally false and 'GS' had been killed for property disputes. In regard to the other FIR, the police, I after completing the investigation, filed a charge-sheet for offences punishable u/ss 302, 302/34e 506 IPC etc. on 29.8.2005 against the appellant and others. However, the trial stood concluded in favour of the accused persons therein. On 22.9.2005, the appellant filed a second Protest E Petition in respecf of the Final Report dated 9.4.2005. The Magistrate, by order dated 2.8.2008, took cognizance and issued summons to respondent no. 2 and others. The criminal petition filed by respondent no. 2 for quashing the order dated 2.8.2008 was allowed by the High Court . D F on the ground that the second Protest Petition was not maintainable and the appellant ought to have pursued the first Protest Petition dated 4.4.2005. Allowing the appeal, the Court G H HELD: 1. Law does not prohibit registration and Investigation of two FIRs in respect of the same incident in case the versions are different The test of sameness has to be applied, otherwise there would not be cross cases and counter cases. Thus, filing another FIR In SHIV SHANKAR SINGH v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR. 249 respect of the same Incident having a different version A of events is permissible. [para 6) [255-A-C] Ram Lal Narang v. State (Delhi Admn.), AIR 1979 SC 1791; Sudhir & Ors., v. State of M.P., 2001 ( 1 ) SCR 813 = AIR 2001 SC 826; T. T. Antony v. State of Kera/a & Ors., 2001 8 (3) SCR 942 = AIR 2001 SC 2637; Upkar Singh v. Ved Prakash & Ors., AIR 2004 SC 4320; and Babubhai v. State of Gujarat & Ors., 2010 (10) SCR 651 = (2010) 12 SCC 254 - relied on Joy Krishna Chakraborty & Ors. v. The State & Anr., 1980 C Crl. L.J. 482 - distinguished.

2.1 An informant is the person interested in the result of the investigation. In case the Magistrate takes a view that there is no sufficient ground for proceeding further o and drops the proceedings, the informant would certainly be prejudiced and, therefore, he has a right to be heard. [para 9) [256-B-CJ Bhagwant Singh vs. Commissioner of Police & Anr. AIR 1985 SC 1285 - relied on. E

2.2 From the decisions of this Court, it is evident that the law does not prohibit filing or entertaining of the second complaint even on the same facts provided the earlier complaint has been decided on the basis of F insufficient material or the order has been passed without understanding the nature of the complaint or the complete facts could not be placed before the court or where the complainant came to know certain facts after disposal of the first complaint which could have tilted the G balance in his favour. However, second complaint would not be maintainable wherein the earlier complaint has been disposed of on full consideration of the case of the complainant on merit. [para 13) [257-F-G] H 250 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 13 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A BindeshwariPrasad Singh v. Kali Singh, 1977 ( 1 ) SCR 125 = AIR 1977 SC 2432, Bhagwant Singh vs. Commissioner of Police & Anr. AIR 1985 SC 1285; Pramatha Nath Talukdar v. Saroj Ranjan Sarkar, 1962 Suppl. SCR 297 =AIR 1962 SC 876 ; Mahesh Chand v. B. Janardhan Reddy & Anr., 2002 B ( 4 ) Suppl. SCR 566 = AIR 2003 SC 702, Poonam Chand Jain & Anr v. Fazru, 2004 (5 ) Suppl. SCR 525 = AIR 2005 SC 38, Jatinder Singh & Ors. v. Ranjit Kaur, 2001 (1) SCR 707 = AIR 2001 SC 784; Ranvir Singh v. State of Haryana, (2009) 9 sec 642 c

2.3 The Protest Petition can always be treated as a complaint and proceeded with in terms of Chapter XV of Cr.P.C. Therefore, in case there is no bar to entertain a second complaint on the same facts, in exceptional circumstances, the second Protest Petition can also D similarly be entertained only under exceptional circumstances. In case the first Protest Petition has been filed without furnishing the full facts/particulars necessary to decide the case, and prior to its entertainment by the court, a fresh Protest Petition is filed giving full details, E the same cannot be said to be not maintainable. [para 14) [258-A-B]

2.4 Order dated 2.8.2008 passed by the Magistrate is based on the depositions made by the appellant and a F very large number of witnesses. More so, the record of the Sessions Trial No. 866 of 2005, wherein the appellant himself has been put to trial was also summoned and examined by the Magistrate. The Magistrate held that there was material on record to proceed against the G accused and a prima-facie case u/s 395 IPC was made out against all the accused persons of the case. He, therefore, directed to issue summons. But, the High Court without taking note of the said evidence, set a side the order of the Magistrate on a technical ground that the second Protest Petition was not maintainable, without H SHIV SHANKAR SINGH v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR. 251 considering the fact that the first Protest Petition having A been filed prior to filing of the Final Report, was not competent. More so, the High Court without any justification made certain remarks. There was no occasion for the High Court to make such sweeping remarks against the Magistrate and the same remain B facts and unjustified and unwarranted circumstances of the case. The order of the High Court is set aside and that of the Magistrate restored. [para 14 & 16] [258-A-H; 259-A·C] Case Law Reference: c 1980 Crl. L.J. 482 distinguished para 3 AIR 1979 SC 1791 relied on para 6 2001 (1) SCR 813 relied on para 6 D 2001 (3) SCR 942 relied on AIR 2004 SC 4320 relied on 2010 (10) SCR 651 relied on AIR 1985 SC 1285 relied on 1977 (1) SCR 125 relied on 1962 Suppl. SCR 297 relied on para 6 para 6 para 6 para 9 para 10 para 10 2002 (4) Suppl. SCR 566 relied on para 11 2004 (5) Suppl. SCR 525 relied on para 11 E F 2001 (1) SCR 707 (2009) 9 sec 642 relied on relied on para 12 para 12 G CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 2160 of 2011. From the Judgment & Order dated 06.05.2009 of the High Court of Judicature at Patna in Cr. Misc. No. 36335 of 2008. H 252 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] \3 (ADDL) S.C.R ' A Gaurav Agrawal for the Appellant. Awanish Singh, Gopal Singh, Ravi Bhushan for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by B DR. B.S. CHAUHAN, J. 1. This appeal has been preferred against the judgment and order dated 6.5.2009 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Patna in Criminal Miscellaneous No. 36335 of 2008, by which the cognizance c taken by the Magistrate vide order dated 2.8.2008 against the respondent no.2 under Section 395 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter called 'IPC') has been quashed.

#2. Facts and circumstances giving rise to this case are D that: E A. A dacoity was committed in the house of present appellant Shivshankar Singh and his brother Kameshwar Singh on 6.12.2004 wherein Gopal Singh son oi Kameshwar Singh was killed by the dacoits and lots of valuable properties were looted. The police reached the place of occurrence at about 3.00 AM i.e. about 2 hours after the occurrence. An FIR No. 147/2004 dated 6.12.2004 was lodged by the appellant namely Ramakant Singh and Anand Kumar Singh alongwith 15 other persons under Sections 396/398 IPC. B. However, Kameshwar Singh, the real brother of the appellant and father of Gopal Singh, the deceased, approached the court by filing a case under Section 156 (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, (hereinafter called 'Cr.P.C.'). G Appropriate orders were passed therein in pursuance of which FIR No. 151/2004 was lodged on 29.12.2004 in respect of the same incident with the allegations that the present appellant, Bhola Singh, son of the second complainant and Shankar Thakur, the maternal uncle of Bhola Singh had killed Gopal Singh as the accused wanted to grab the immovable property. F H SHiV SHANKAR SINGH v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR. 253 [DR. 8.S. CHAUHAN, J.) C. Investigation in pursuance of both the reports ensued. A When the investigation in pursuance of both the FIRs was pending, the appellant filed Protest Petition on 4.4.2005, but did not pursue the matter further. The court did not pass any order on the said petition. After completing investigation in the Report dated 6.12.2004, the police filed Final Report under B Section 173 Cr.P.C. on 9.4.2005 to the effect that the case was totally false and Gopal Singh had been killed for property disputes. D. After investigating the other FIR filed by Kameshwar Singh, father of the deceased, charge-sheet was filed under C Sections 302, 302/34, 506 IPC etc. on 29.8.2005 against the appellant, Bhola Singh, son of complainant and others. The matter stood concluded after trial in favour of the accused persons therein. D E. It was on 22.9.2005, the appellant filed a second Protest Petition in respect of the Final Report dated 9.4.2005. After considering the same and examining a very large number of witnesses, the Magistrate took cognizance and issued summons to respondent Anand Kumar Singh and others vide E order dated 2.8.2008. F. Being aggrieved, the respondent Anand Kumar Singh filed Criminal Miscellaneous No. 36335 of 2008 for quashing the order dated 2.8.2008 which has been allowed by the High F Court on the ground that second Protest Petition was not maintainable and the appellant ought to have pursued the first Protest Petition dated 4.4.2005. Hence, this appeal.

#3. Shri Gaurav Agrawal, learned counsel appearing for the appellant has submitted that the High Court failed to appreciate that the so-called first Protest Petition having been filed prior to filing the Final Report was not maintainable and just has to be ignored. The learned Magistrate rightly did not proceed on H G 254 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 13 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A the basis of the said Protest Petition and it remained merely a document in the file. The second petition was the only Protest Petition which could be entertained as it had been filed subsequent to filing the Final Report. The High Court further committed an error observing that the Magistrate's order of B summoning the respondent No.1 was vague and it was not clear as in which Protest Petition the order had been passed. More so, the facts of the case in Joy Krishna Chakraborty & Ors. v. The State & Anr., 1980 Crl. L.J. 482, decided by the Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court and solely relied by the High c Court were distinguishable as in the said case the first Protest Petition had been entertained by the Magistrate and an order had been passed. Protest Petition is to be treated as a complaint and the law does not prohibit filing and entertaining of second complaint even on the same facts in certain 0 circumstances. Thus, the judgment and order impugned is liable to be set aside.

#4. On the contrary, Shri Awanish Sinha and Shri Gopal Singh, learned counsel appearing for the respondents have vehemently opposed the appeal contending that the second E petition was not maintainable and the appellant ought to have pursued the first Protest Petition. The High Court has rightly observed that the order of the Magistrate summoning the respondent No.1 and others was totally vague. Even otherwise, as the appellant himself had faced the criminal trial in respect F of the same incident, he cannot be held to be a competenV eligible person to file the Protest Petition. He had purposely lodged the false FIR promptly after committing the offence himself. Therefore, the facts of the case do not warrant any interference by this court and the appeal is liable to be G dismissed.

#5. We have considered the rival submissions made by the learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.

#6. We do not find any force in the submission made on H behalf of the respondents that as in respect of same incident SHIV SHANKAR SINGH v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR. 255 [DR. B.S. CHAUHAN, J.] i.e. dacoity and murder of .Gopal Singh, the appellant himself A alongwith others is facing criminal trial, proceedings cannot be initiated against the respondent No.1 at his behest as registration of two FIRs in respect of the same incident is not permissible in law. for the simple reason that law does not prohibit registration and investigation of two Fl Rs in respect of B the same incident in case the versions are different. The test of sameness has to be applied otherwise there would not be cross cases and counter cases. Thus, filing another FIR in respect of the same incident having a different version of events is permissible. (Vide: Ram Lal Narang v. State (Delhi Admn.), c AIR 1979 SC 1791; Sudhir & Ors., v. State of M.P., AIR 2001 SC 826; T. T. Antony v. State of Kera/a & Ors., AIR 2001 SC 2637; Upkar Singh v. Ved Prakash & Ors., AIR 2004 SC 4320; and Babubhai v. State of Gujarat & Ors., (2010) 12 SCC 254).

#7. Undoubtedly, the High Court has placed a very heavy D reliance on the judgment of the Calcutta High Court in Joy Krishna Chakraborty & Ors. (supra), wherein the Protest Petition dated 19.3.1976 was entertained by the Magistrate issuing direction to the Officer-in-Charge of the Khanakul Police Station under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. to make the investigation E and submit the report to the court concerned by 10.4.1976. The Officer-in-Charge of the said police station did not carry out any investigation on the ground that the incident had occurred outside the territorial jurisdiction of the said police station. The second Protest Petition filed by the same complainant on F 23.3.1976 was entertained by the learned Magistrate. In fact, it was in this factual backdrop that the Calcutta High Court held that the matter could have been proceeded with on the basis of the first Protest Petition itself by the Magistrate and second Protest Petition could not have been entertained. G

#8. The facts of the present case are completely distinguishable. Therefore, the ratio of the said judgment has no application in the facts of this case.

#9. In Bhagwant Singh v. Commissioner of Police & Anr., H 256 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 13 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A AIR 1985 SC 1285, this Court dealt with an issue elaborately entertaining the writ petition and accepting the submission in regard to acceptance of the Final Report to the extent that if no case was made out by the Magistrate, it would be violative of principles of natural justice of the complainant and therefore B before the Magistrate drops the proceedings the informant is required to be given hearing as the informant must know what is the result of the investigation initiated on the basis of first FIR. He is the person interested in the result of the investigation. Thus, in case the Magistrate takes a view that there is no C sufficient ground for proceeding further and drops the proceedings, the informant would certainly be prejudiced and therefore, he has a right to be heard.

#10. In Bindeshwari Prasad Singh v. Kali Singh, AIR 1977 SC 2432, this Court held that the second complaint lies if there D are some new facts or even on the previous facts if the special case is made out. Similarly, in Pramatha Nath Talukdar v. Saroj Ranjan Sarkar, AIR 1962 SC 876, this Court has held as under: E F G H "An order of dismissal under Section 203 of the Criminal Procedure Code, is, however, no bar to the entertainment of a second complaint on the same facts but it will be entertained only in exceptional circumstances e.g. where the previous order was passed on an incomplete record or on a misunderstanding of the nature of the complaint or it was manifestly absurd, unjust or foolish or where new facts which could not. with reasonable diligence, have been brought on the record in the previous proceedings, have been adduced. It cannot be said to be in the interest of justice that after a decision has been given against the complainant upon a full consideration of his case, he or any other person should be given another opportunity to have his complaint enquired into."

#11. After considering the aforesaid judgment along with SHIV SHANKAR SINGH v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR. 257 [DR. B.S. CHAUHAN, J.] various other judgments of this Court, in Mahesh Chand v. B. A Janardhan Reddy & Anr., AIR 2003 SC 702, this Court held as under: " .. It is settled law that there is no statutory bar in filing a second complaint on the same facts. In a case where a 8 previous complaint is dismissed without assigning any reasons, the Magistrate under Section 204 CrPC may take cognizance of an offence and issue process if there is sufficient ground for proceeding .... " In Poonam Chand Jain & Anr v. Fazru, AIR 2005 SC 38, a C similar view has been re-iterated by this Court.

#12. In Jatinder Singh & Ors. v. Ranjit Kaur, AIR 2001 SC 784, this Court held that dismissal of a complaint on the ground of default was no bar for a fresh Complaint being filed on the D same facts. Similarly in Ranvir Singh v. State of Haryana, (2009) 9 SCC 642, this Court examined the issue in the backdrop of facts that the complaint had been dismissed for the failure of the complainant to put in the process fees for effecting service E and held that in such a fact- situation second complaint was maintainable.

#13. Thus, it is evident that the law does not prohibit filing or entertaining of the second complaint even on the same facts F provided the earlier complaint has been decided on the basis of insufficient material or the order has been passed without understanding the nature of the complaint or the complete facts could not be placed before the court or where the complainant came to know certain facts after disposal of the first complaint G which could have tilted the balance in his favour. However, second complaint would not be maintainable wherein the earlier complaint has been disposed of on full consideration of the case of the complainant on merit. H 258 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 13 (ADDL.) S.C.R. A

#14. The Protest Petition can always be treated as a complaint and proceeded with in terms of Chapter XV of Cr.P.C. Therefore, in case there is no bar to entertain a second complaint on the same facts. in exceptional circumstances, the second Protest Petition can also similarly be entertained only B under exceptional circumstances. In case the first Protest Petition has been filed without furnishing the full facts/particulars necessary to decide the case, and prior to its entertainment by the court, a fresh Protest Petition is filed giving full details, we fail to understand as to why it should not be maintainable. c

#15. The instant case is required to be decided in the light of the aforesaid settled legal propositions. Order dated 2.8.2008 passed by the Magistrate concerned is based on the depositions made by the appellant- D Shivshankar Singh, and a very large number of witnesses, namely, Sonu Kumar Singh, Suman Devi, Nirmala Devi, Ganesh Kumar, Udai Kumar Ravi, Rain Achal Singh, Jateshwar Acharya, Neeraj Kumar Singh, Krishna Devi and Dr. Narendra Kumar. More so, the record of the Sessions Trial No. 866 of E 2005, wherein the appellant himself has been put to trial was also summoned and examined by the learned Magistrate. Thus, the Magistrate further took note of the fact that for the same incident, trial was pending in another court. After appreciating the evidence of the complainant and other witnesses deposed in the enquiry, the learned Magistrate passed the following order : F "On the basis of aforesaid discussion, I find that there are materials available on the record to proceed against the · accused person. A prima-facie case under Section 395 IPC has been made out against all the accused person of this case. Ole is directed to issue summons on filing of the requisite. Put up the record on .13.8.2008 for filing of the requisites."

#16. The High Court without taking note of the aforesaid G H SHIV SHANKAR SINGH v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR. 259 [DR. S.S. CHAUHAN, J.] evidence set side the order of the Magistrate on a technical A ground that the second Protest Petition was not maintainable without considering the fact that the first Protest Petition having been filed prior to filing of the Final Report was not competent. More so, the High Court without any justification made the following remarks: B "The Court can only record that the learned Judicial Magistrate has not conducted himself in a fair manner because he has intentionally left the impugned order vague as to which protest petition he was acting upon, so that C advantage may accrue to Opposite Party No.2."

#17. In our opinion, there was no occasion for the High Court to make such sweeping remarks against the Magistrate and the same remain unjustified and unwarranted in the facts and circumstances of the case. D

#18. In view of the above, the appeal succeeds and is allowed. The order impugned of the High Court is set aside and the order of the Magistrate is restored. Respondent No.1 is directed to appear before the Magistrate on 1.12.2011 and the E learned Magistrate is requested to proceed in accordance with law. However, we clarify that any observation made in this judgment shall not adversely prejudice the cause of the respondent to seek any further relief permissible in law as the said observations have been made only to decide the controversy involved herein. F R.P. Appeal allowed.