DR. MONICA KUMAR & Anr. v. STATE OF U. P & Ors.

1.3 The question of ma/a tides in a case like the present one, is not at all relevant. If the complaint .is cor- G rect and the offence has been committed which will have to be established in a court of law, it is of no significance that the complainant is a person who is inimical or that he is guilty of ma/a ffdes. If the ingredients which estab- lish the commission of the offence or misconduct exist, H ... ~ ) " A then the prosecution cannot fail merely because there was an animus of the complainant or the prosecution against the accused. Allegations of ma/a tides may be rel evant while judging the correctness of the allegations or while examining the evidence. But the mere fact that the s complainant is guilty of ma/a fides, would be no ground for quashing the proceedings. [para 31] [968-A,B & C] 0

2.1 So far as the instant appeals are concerned, a series of civil writ petitions and criminal proceedings be sides contempt proceedings were initiated by the appel lants in which allegations of ma/a tides, acts of victimiza tion and physical and mental harassment were alleged against the second respondent in his personal capacity and also as a Chairman/Managing Director of the College E Trust. The appellants are facing trial of Case Crime No. 412/2005 lodged against them by third respondent, un der Sections 458/323/504/506 IPC and Case Crime No. 21/ 2006 registered on 14.01.2006 at the behest of the Secu rity Guard of the institution, under Sections 452/323/336/ F 504/506 and 427 IPC. These cases pertained to the pe riod when the appellants were students and studying MBBS Course in the College. [para 33) [969-A,B,D & E]

2.2 The entire details of the facts of the case do indi- G cate that the appellants during their study of MBBS Course had some problems with the second respondent, some staff of the College and the then SHO of Police Sta tion concerned whose daughter was also studying in the same College. The record would reveal that both the ap- H pellants being NRI candidates have undergone physical DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. 947 and mental agony and torture during their student career A. in pursuing the MBBS course. They had spent most of their precious time in litigation in the courts fighting for their genuine and legitimate claims. They may be lacking in maintaining discipline in the College for which they have been facing criminal proceedings for the past about B 3 years. [para 34] [971-D,E & F]

3.1 Looking to the entire backdrop of the peculiar facts of countless ~ncidents having been faced by the ap~ pellants during their primary life as MBBS students and the nature of the offences alleged against them and alle- C gations and counter allegations in various complaints made by the parties against each other and coupled with the tenor and contents of the apology tendered by the appellants, it is a fit case where the Court should exer cise its jurisdiction under Article 142 of the Constitution D of India. [para 34) [971-G & H; 972-A]

3.2 The Court is conscious of the well-settled law that in a prosecution where prima facie case is made out and charge sheet is filed in the competent court, it is that court which will deal with the case on merits in accordance with E law, and the High Court should not, except in extraordi nary circumstances, exercise its jurisdiction under Sec tion 482 Cr.P.C. so as to quash the criminal proceedings after they have been lodged. [para 34] [972-B & CJ Som Mittal v: Government of Kamataka (2008) 2 SCR 323 = (2008) ·2 sec 753 - referred to.

3.3 Under Article 142 of the Constitution this Court in exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete jus- G tice in any 'cause' or 'matter' pending before it The ex pression "cause" or "matter" would include any proceed ings pending in court and it would cover alrriost every kind of proceedings in court includin'g civil or criminal. Though there is no provision like SectiOn 482 of the Crimi- H F • A nal Procedure Code conferring express power on the Supreme Court to quash or set aside any criminal pro ceedings pending before a criminal court to prevent abuse of process of the court, but the inherent power of this Court under Article 142 coupled with the plenary and re- 8 siduary powers under Articles 32 and 136 embraces power to quash criminal proceedings pending before any court to do complete justice in the matter before this Court. [para 35] [972-C,D,E & F]

3.4 If the court is satisfied that the proceedings in a C criminal case are being utilised for oblique purposes or if the same are continued on manufactured and false evi dence or if no case is made out on the admitted facts, it would be in the ends of justice to set aside or quash the criminal proceedings. Once this Court is satisfied that the D criminal proceedings amount to abuse of process of court, it would quash such proceedings to ensure jus tice. [para 35] [972- F & G]

3.5 This Court's power under Article 142(1) to do "complete justice" is entirely of different level and of a E different quality. What would be the need of "complete justice" in a cause or matter would depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case and while exercising that power the Court would take into consideration the ex press provisions of a substantive statute. Any prohibition F or restriction contained in ordinary laws cannot act as a limitation on the constitutional power of this Court. Once this Court has seisin of a cause or matter before it, it has power to issue any order or direction to do "complete jus- tice" in the matter. [para 35] (972-H; 973-A & BJ. G H

3.6 The power to do complete justice under Article 142 DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. 949 is, in a way, corrective power, which gives preference to A equity over law. It is a residuary power, supplementary and complementary to the pow~rs specially conferred by the statutes to do complete justice between the parties when ever itis just and equitable to do so. It is intended to prevent any obstruction to the stream of justice. Having regard to B the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case, it is a fit case where this Court should exercise its discretionary ju risdiction under Art, icle 142 of the Constitution of India so as· to bring the dispute between the parties to an end. In this view of the matter, in order to do complete justice to the par- c ties in the backdrop of the peculiar facts of this case and other circumstances and also taking into consideration the future career of the appellants who by this time might have joined the noble medical profession, and owing to the rea sons given and observations made in the judgment, the or der of the High Court impugned in the appeal is set aside D subject to the directions contained in the judgment. [para 36, 37 and 39J [973-D,E,F & G; 974-B & CJ

3.7 Consequently, criminal proceedings arising out of Case Crime No. 412/2005 under Sections 452, 323, 504, E 506 and 427 IPC and Case Crime No. 21/2006 under Sec tio.ns 452, 323, 336, 504, 506 and 427 IPC and charges said to have been framed by the trial court based upon the said criminal cases against the appellants shall stand quashecf.· [para 40J [974-D & EJ F

As regards the plea on behalf of the complainants for compensation, since the appellants at the relevant time were students, no amount of compensation be directed to be paid. They must, however, file a written apology in the courts where the proceedings are pending. [para 39J [974-C & DJ

It is made clear that any observations made in the judgment may not be construed as an expression of opin ion on the genuineness, authenticity, validity and legality of the allegations and. counter-allegations levelled by the G H A parties against each other in different proceedings. The proceedings of the FIRs initiated against the appellants have been closed mainly in exercise of jurisdiction under Article 142 of the Constitution. [para 41] [974-F & G] B CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 968 of 2008 From the Final Judgment & Order dated 24.8.2006 of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Crl. Misc. Application Nos. 7791 and 7792 of 2006 C Harish N. Salve, Uday U. Lalit, K. Pavan Kumar and Siddhartha Chowdhury for the Appellant. A. Sharan, A.S.G., C.S. Vaidyanathan, P.P. Rao, Amit Pawan, B.K. Prasad, P. Parmeswaran, K.K. Venugopal, Liz. D Mathew, S. Chandra Shekhar, Manoj V. George, Pramod Dayal, Nikunj Dayal, Shail Kumar Dwivedi, Vandana Mishra, Vibha Dwivedi, Kamalendra Mishra and C.D. Singh for the Respon dents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by E LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J. 1. Leave granted.

Challenge in this appeal is to the final judgment and order dated 24.08.2006 passed by the High Court of Judica ture at Allahabad whereby and where under the High Court has F dismissed Criminal Miscellaneous Applications bearing Nos. 7792 of 2006 and 7791 of 2006 filed by the appellants under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure [for short 'Cr.P.C.'] in Case Crime No. 412 of 2005 under Sections 452, 323, 504, 506 and 427of the Indian Penal Code [for short 'the IPC'] and in Case Crime No. 21 of 2006 under Sections 452, 323, 336, 504, 506, 420 IPC respectively registered against them at Police Station, Vijay Nagar, District Ghaziabad and seeking for entrustment of further investigation of the aforesaid cases to the Central Bureau of Investigation [for short 'the CBI']. G H

This c::ise would reveal a chequered history of legal DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. ~ & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA. J.] 951 battle being fought by the appellants - the students of Santosh A Medical. College on one hand and the authorities of the College on the other hand.

4. Dr. Narendra Kumar, the father of the appellants, is pres ently working as Professor/Medical Director of Neonatal Inten sive Care Unit [Nl'CU] and also performing medical practice at 8 2917, Middleboro Place, Modesto, California. Both the appel lants were born in California and completed their schooling in USA. They decided to get admission in MBBS course for the academic session 1996-97 in Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad [for short 'College'] against NRI quota after remit- C ting US $50,000 and US $49, 700 respectively towards capita tion fees and additional hostel fees of RS. 75,000 and Rs. 45,000 and security deposits for one year. That apart, the College took a loan of Rs. 25 lakhs on interest@ 11.5% p.a. from the father of the appellants and its payment was assured by a handwrit- D ten slip. The disputes and differences arose after the father of the appellants demanded repayment of the loan from Dr. P. Mahalingam-the second respondent herein, Chairman & Man aging Director/Trustee of Maharaji Educational Trust and Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Pratap Vihar, Vijay E Nagar, Ghaziabad. In April 2001, the matter was reported to the Additional District Magistrate, Ghaziabad, for taking appro priate steps to get the loan amount refunded. Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respondent in his letter dated 9.4.2001 acknowl edged the liability and had also assureq to refund the entire F loan amount. It was alleged that the second respondent with vindictive attitude started harassing the appellants and in the result declared in July 2000, Dr. Monica Kumar - the first ap pellant was got failed in both theory papers of Pharmacology and she was not allowed to appear in two subsequent suppl!'!- G mentary examinations as well as in Final Professional MBBS ·Part-I Examination.

5. The first appellant filed a Writ Petition No. 9150 of 2001 in the High Court wherein vide order dated 14.3.2001, the sec ond respondent was directed to permit the first appellant to H T C A appear in the final Professional MBBS Part-I Examination. In compliance of the High Court's order, the first appellant was permitted to appear in the examination, but her result was de liberately withheld for an oblique motive which compelled the first appellant to approach the High Court of Allahabad by way B of Miscellaneous Application in the pending Writ Petition No. 9150/2001 for issuing necessary directions for declaration of her result. The High Court vide order dated 19.9.2001 directed the College authorities to declare the results of MBBS Final Professional Part-I Examination, 2001 and the result of the scru- tiny of Pharmacology of Second Professional Examination, 2000 and further to permit the first appellant to appear in Final MBBS Part-II Examination and to declare the result of the said examination as well.

By Orders dated 7.01.2002/16.01.2002, the High Court directed the college authorities to produce an- D swer books of Pharmacology of the first appellant. On 4.03.2002, the High Court got the answer books of the first ap pellant re-examined by the Head of Department of Pharmacol ogy of Motilal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad in the court itself. On re-examination of the papers, the first appellant se cured good marks in both the papers and accordingly, the col- lege authorities were directed to declare her results forthwith. It appears that the orders/directions of the High Court were not complied with which gave rise to the first appellant to file con tempt of court proceedings against the college authorities. The High Court vide order dated 9.4.2002 directed the College au- thorities to be present personally in the Court but in the mean time on 22.04.2002 the result was declared and for no valid reasons, the first appellant was declared failed in Surgery Prac tical Examination.

The first appellant left with no other remedy, but to approach the High Court by means of another writ peti- tion. The High Court directed the second respondent to pro duce before it the tabulation chart of Surgery Practical Exami nation of all the students including the first appellant. The High Court on 12.11.2002 having noticed serious allegations of ma/a fide, restrained Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respondent from interfering in and conducting examination of the first ap- G H E F DR. MONICA KUMAR & ;A.NR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 953 • pellant and further directed that the practical examination of the A first appellant be got conducted through Agra Medical College in which the first appellant was declared pass with 70% marks.

The appellants alleged that having miserably failed in all attempts to ruin the career of the first appellant, Dr. Mahalingam - the second respondent on 04.04.2003 got a false 8 and frivolous report lodged under Sections 504 and 506 IPC through his yes-man and associate - Dr. Anil Tamar against all the members of the appellants' family whereupon Case Crime No. 286 of 2003 was registered against them. Both the appel lants and their parents filed Writ Petition No. 1923 of 2003 seek- C ing for quashing the said criminal case and the High Court vide order dated 17.4.2003, stayed the arrest of the appellants and their parents during the investigation of the above-said FIR. The Police rushed to file charge sheet without making any fair and effective investigation against which Criminal Miscellaneous D Application No. 8542 of 2003 under Section 482 Cr.P.C. was filed by the parents of the appellants in the High Court for quash- ing the charge sheet and the High Court vide its order stayed further proceedings pending before the trial court.

On a complaint made by the father of the appellants E and on intervention of the District Magistrate and S.S.P., Ghaziabad, Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respondent on 28.02.2003 allegedly, gave 5 cheques for Rs. 5 lakhs each against the loan amount and two demand drafts of Rs. 2.5 lacs each on account of payment of the accrued interest. It was stated F that one cheque was dishonoured on 18.10.2003 and the fa ther of appellants preferred a Criminal Case No. 7272 of 2003 against Dr. Mahalingam - the second respondent under Sec tion 138 of the Nego.tiable Instruments Act in the Court of Addi tional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ghaziabad wherein by order G dated 24.1.2004 the second respondent and others were sum- moned as accused persons. On filing of the above criminal case by the father of the appellants, the second respondent got infuriated and became more and more vindictive against the appellants and their family members. H + . I A

The appellants then stated that the tape recorded con- versation held between the father of the appellants and Dr. M.K. Shrivastava, Principal of the College, would clearly reveal that Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respondent is the main person instrumental in victimisation and harassing of the appellants. B On 2.5.2004 and 2.6.2004 the appellants were allegedly as saulted mercilessly by tbe second respondent, Anil Somania, Station Officer, P.S. Vijay Nagar and their drivers. The first ap pellant was·molested and she had been threatened to be kid napped, raped and even murdered whereas the Dr. Manish c Kumar- the second appellant, brother of the first appellant was assaulted with kicks, fists, shoes and sticks. They got them selves medically examined at the Government M.M.G. Hospi tal, Ghaziabad and on refusal to register their FIR by the Police of Police Station, Ghaziabad, the appellants proceeded to file D an application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. before Chief Judi cial Magistrate, Ghaziabad seeking direction to the police to register the FIR and hold proper investigation in the case. Though the said application was initially rejected by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, but in view of the order of the lllrd Addi tional District and Sessions Judge, Ghaziabad, the Chief Judi- E cial Magistrate by order dated 3.10.2005 directed the concerned Police Station Officer to register the case against the culprits. l F which was dismissed vide order dated 9.11.2005.

Aggrieved thereby, Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second re spondent filed a Criminal Writ Petition before the High Court In pursu ance of the order of the Chief Judicial Magistrate dated 03.10.2005 and subsequent order of the High Court dated 9.11.2005, FIR at the instance of Dr. Monica bearing Crime No. 425 of 2005 was registered on 28.11.2005 under Sections G 147/323/34ZL.352/354/427/504 and 506 IPC at the Police Sta tion against Dr. P. Mahalingam and other persons named in the complaint. 1 O. The appellants stated that as citizens of the United States of America, they sent a representation to the President H of USA whereupon White House responded and sent a letter DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. . ~'ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 955 h 2004 informing the appellants that White A dated August 161 House had decided to send the petition to the Department of State to address the grievances of the appellants. Further, by letter dated August 30, 2004 the appellants were also informed about the steps having been taken by the USA.

The appellants also stated that even on issuance of 8 .1 ~ satisfactory completion certificate of internship to the first ap pellant duly signed by all the Professors and Heads of Depart ments, Medical Officers and Dean of Faculty on 18/19.3.2004, the Principal of the College who was simply required to coun tersign internship completion certificate, deliberately for no valid C reason entered the word 'unsatisfactory' by antedating it as 16.01.2004 at the behest of Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respondent as a re?ult thereof the first appellant could not get the MBBS Degree for getting herself enrolled with Medical Council of India nor she could appear in any Post Graduation D Examination. Aggrieved by the action of the Principal of the College, the first appellant preferred Civil Writ Petition No. 19069 of 2004 in the High Court of Allahabad and the High Court vide its order dated 11.01.2005, recorded that the certificate is- · sued by the competent authorities was deliberately.antedated. E The learned single Judge of the High Court by order dated 17 .2 .2005 disposed of the said writ petition as counsel for Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respondent produced a fresh cer tificate reporting therein that the first appellant had completed , her internship satisfactorily and therefore was eligible for MBBS F Degree. The first appellant being aggrieved against the order by which other reliefs prayed for in the writ petition were de clined, filed a Special Appeal in the High Court which was al lowed on 31.3.2005, directing the authorities concerned to is sue other required certificates, i.e. character certificate, pass G certificate and attempt certificate to the first appellant. •

In compliance to the order of the High Court Dr. P . Mahalingam - the second respondent issued character certifi cate, pass certificate and attempt certificate to the fist appel lant but with wrong dates and incomplete particulars. The first H ' • A appellant again was forced to file Contempt Petition No. 4057 of 2005 against the second respondent praying for taking legal proceedings against him for violation of the court's order. The High Court on 23.12.2005 recorded the following order:- B c "This court without going into the controversy is not issuing any notice on the contempt application a~ this stage and disposes of this application with a direction to the opposite party to consider the request made by the applicant in her representation within three weeks from the date of the production of a certified copy of this order. If the grievance of the applicant is found to be genuine, in that event, fresh certificates shall be issued immediately. "

The appellants stated that Dr. P. Mahalingam - second respondent found a good ally in Anil Somania the then D Station Officer of P.S. Vijay Nagar whose daughter was also studying in the same College and thus was able to intensify the harassment of the appellants and got initiated criminal proceed ings against them under Sections 107/116 Cr.P.C. This time again on being approached by the appellants, the High Court E by order dated 25.11.2005 stayed those proceedings.

Having failed in all earlier attempts to harm the ca reers of the appellants, the second respondent allegedly in col lusion with Anil Somani, SHO, instigated Dr. l.M. Sharma, War den of Girls Hostel of the College the third respondent herein F and got a false and frivolous FIR No. 297/2005 (Case Crime No. 412/2005) dated 5.10.2005 registered against the appel lants under Section 452/323/504 and 506 IPC at P.S. Vijay Nagar. The appellants filed Criminal Miscellaneous Petition No. 11192 of 2005 in the High Court and the High Court on .... G 7 .11 .2005 passed the following order:- "Having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, the arrest of the petitioners for the offences indicate. above is stayed till the submission of the report on the following conditions:- H DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 957

4. That the petitioners will not be arrested in respect of A the said crime number during the pendency of the investigation provided they cooperate with the investigation. The stay of arrest will operate only if certified copy of this order along with one self attested copy of the writ petition is served upon the investigation officer within fifteen days from today. The stay of arrest will cease to operate if it is decided to submit a charge sheet after investigation. B c Because the complainant has not been head at this stage, therefore, it will be open to the complainant or the investigation officer who has not been given opportunity to file counter affidavit or any other party aggrieved to apply in this writ petition for recall/ D modification of this order, if any misstatement is found in the material facts stated in the writ petition or other legally valid ground which may be available to the party so applying.

5. The investigating officer will make all possible efforts to conclude the investigation within three months of the date on which a certified copy of this order is served upon him. E The SSP Ghaziabad is directed to hand over investigation F of this case to a Gazetted Officer not below to the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police. "

Leaving no stone unturned to fulfill his vengeance and revengeful attitude against the appellants, the second respon dent got one more frivolous FIR bearing Crime No. 21 of 2006 G dated 14.1.2006 registered against them under Sections 452/ 323/336/504/506 and 427 !PC at P.S. Vijay Nagar at the be hest of Rajendra Kuntal - Head Security Guard of Dr. P. Mahalingam. The complaint of Rajendra Kuntal was sent through Ram Murti Mani Kandan, Personal Manager of the second re- H A spondent, to the Police Statio.n. The appellants were arrestecl on 15.01.2006 from their house and lodged in jail. They were released on bail by the learned Sessions Judge on 31.01.2006.

Owing to constant threats and victimisation by Dr. P. Mahalingam in collusion with the local police, the appellants'filed 8 Miscellaneous Writ Petition No.' 1947 of 2006 praying for CBI investigation into the matter. On 22.07.2006, the High Court passed the following order:- ·. c "Considering the facts and circumstances of the case, we are of the view that the correct position of the investigation of the cases be also brought on record. Therefore, learned AGA is directed to file counter affidavit annexing the copies of the statement of the prosecution witnesses recorded under Section 161 Cr.P.C. in the cases referred to above. D The case be listed on 27.3.2006. The Senior Superintendent of Police, Ghaziabad shall look into the grievances of the petitioners regarding the ill treatment/humiliation/harassment etc. by the local police and the respondents/accused concerned and ensure adequate security to them and their family members in all respects and submit the compliance report on or before 10th March, 2006. Let a copy of this order be furnished to the learned AGA free of cost by tomorrow for intimating the authority concerned. " E F

The appellants alleged that Sub-Inspector J. K. Gangwar ought not to have conducted the investigation of the cases, as in the earlier proceedings, the High Court made ob- G servations that he was under the influence of SHO A nil Somani. S.I. Gangwar without proper and fair investigation hurriedly pre pared and filed charge sheet in the trial court on the basis of which the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate proceeded to take cognizance of the offences against the appellants. H .. t DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 959

The appellants then preferred two separate petitions A referred to above under Section 482 Cr.P.C. for quashing of the said Fl Rs and entrusting further investigation of the cases to CBI. The High Court by impugned order dated 24.08.2006 dismissed the petition. Hence, the appellants are before us in this joint appeal by way of special leave. B

We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and meticulously examined the entire material on record.

Shri Harish N. Salve, learned senior counsel appear- ing for the appellants, assailed the judgment .of the High Court c inter alia contending that the First Information Reports and fur- ther proceedings initiated thereto by the trial court against the appellants are vitiated on the following grounds:- (i) (ii) (iii) that the allegations made in the Fl Rs and evidence collected during investigation on their face are so D absurd and inherently improbable that no prudent person can ever arrive at a conclusion that there are sufficient grounds for proceeding against the appellants-students of MBBS course for the commission of the alleged offences registered at E the instance of the employees of the College; that the appellants' case is fully covered by the principles laid down by this Court in the case of State of Haryana v. Bhajanlal (1995) Suppl. SCC 335 and the High Court has misapplied the ratio of the F said case in the facts of the present case; that the High Court has failed to appreciate that there was an apparent nexus between Dr.

In opposition, Mr. Amarendra Sharan, learned Addi- tional Solicitor General appearing on behalf of CBI - the fourth respondent, urged before us that acceptability of ma/a fides against second respondent is a matter of trial and that it is not a case where charge sheet prima facie does not disclose com mission of offences and that the defence pleaded by the appel- !ants, is in fact, has to be considered by the courts below during the trial of the cases pending against them.

Shri Shail Kumar Dwivedi, learned counsel appear ing on behalf of the State of U.P., supported the contention of the learned counsel for CBI and submitted that since the inves DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 961 , 1 tigation of the cases having been completed, charge sheets A filed and charges framed by the trial court against the appel lants, therefore, now the trial is completely in the domain of the trial court and certainly it is not a proper stage of quashing the FIRs and charge sheets filed under Section 173 Cr.P.C. In sup port, reliance is placed on Som Mittal v. Government of B Kamataka (2008) 3 SCC 753; State of H.P v. Prithi Chand (1996) 2 SCC 37 and State of Orissa & Anr. v. Saroj Kumar Sahoo (2005) 13 SCC 540 to contend that the inherent power of the High Court for quashing criminal proceedings should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too C in the rarest of rare cases and that the present case does not fall in that category.

Shri K.K. Venugopal, learned senior counsel app'ear- ing on behalf of Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respondent, vehemently contended that the appellants have concocted con- D tradictory stories in different proceedings regarding their alleged harassment by the College authorities inasmuch as they ini tially took the plea that they were allegedly being harassed by Dr. M.K. Srivastava - Principal of the College because he wanted the second appellant to marry his daughter but in sub- E sequent proceedings the appellants changed their earlier stand and took up another false plea that they were being harassed at the behest of the second respondent from whom their father demanded the return of loan amount of Rs. 25 lakhs. He sub mitted that it was proved on record that loan amount of Rs. 25 F lakhs has already been paid to the father of the appellants by way of cheques and bank drafts way back in the year 2003 itself.

Shri P.P. Rao, learned senior counsel appearing for Dr. M.K. Shrivastava - Principal of the College and Dr. l.M. Sharma - Warden of Girls Hostel (an informant of Case Crime F No. 412 of 2005), contended that not only the police found prima facie case but the court below also found sufficient material against the appellants on the basis of which cognizance of the offences alleged against them in Case Crime No. 412 of 2005 was taken and the trial court now has framed charges against the appellants. He next contended ·that the mere fact that se- ~ nior police officer's daughter was a student of the respondent College by itself would not lead to the conclusion that investiga tion of the cases registered against the appellants was tainted or not being conducted properly and fairly by the Investigation Officer. He supported the order of the High Court which, ac- H ~ ; DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 963 cording to him, is valid and legal both on facts and law. A

Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and having noticed and considered the proposition of law laid down by this Court in a number of decisions, the learned Single Judge of the High Court observed: B "The contents of the report registered as Case Crime No. 412 of 2005 under Sections, 452, 323, 504, 506 421 IPC at Police Station Vijay Nagar, Ghaziabad, transpires that on 5.10.2005 at about 6 p.m. Dr. Monica Kumar and Dr. Manish Kumar entered in the house of Dr. Indra Mohini c Sharma, H. No. 14, Sector-12, Pratap Vihar, Ghaziabad with knife and brick bats. They started hurling abuses to her saying that she is much close to Dr. P. Mahalingam. She was also slapped and was also threatened that her children would be kidnapped and killed. On her cries, D security men namely, Rajveer, Prem pal and some of the students of the College, came for her rescue. Some of the household goods were also damaged by them.

The special leave petition came up before this Court on 20.11.2006 on which date it was ordered: F G H A "Issue notice. On an oral prayer made by the learned counsel, issue notice to Union of India confined to the question as to whether the investigation be done by the C.B.I. in the event the Court finds it necessary to do so. The Court below may frame charges wherefor the petitioners shall make them available on the next date fixed. Thereafter, further proceedings shall remain stayed. Four weeks' time is granted for filing counter affidavit. Two weeks' time, thereafter, is granted for filing rejoinder. " B C 0

The parties have exchanged their counter affidavits and rejoinders. Indisputably, there is no quarrel with the well settled principles of law that while exercising powers under Section 482 Cr.P.C., the High Court does not function as a court of appeal or revision. Inherent jurisdiction under the Section though has to be exercised sparingly, carefully and with caution and only when such exercise is justified by the tests specifically laid in the Section itself. It is to be exercised ex debito justitiae to do real and substantial justice for the administration of which E courts exist. When the complaint is sought to be quashed it is permissible to look into the materials to assess what the com plainant has alleged and whether any offence is made out even if the allegation are accepted in toto.

In R.P Kapur v. State of Punjab (1960) 3 SCR 388, this Court summarises some categories of cases in which in herent power can and should be exercised to quash the pro ceedings:- (i) Where it manifestly appears that there is a legal bar against the institution or continuance e.g. want of sanction; (ii) Where the allegations in the first information report or complaint taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety do not constitute the offence alleged. F G H , DR MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. · & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 967 (iii) Where the allegations constitute an offence, but there A is no legal evidence adduced or the evidence adduced clearly or manifestly fails to prove the charge.

The scope of exercise of power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. and the categories of cases where the High Court may exercise its power under ii relating to cognizable offences to B prevent abuse of process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice were set out in some detail by this Court which has been dealt with by the High Court in State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal (1992) 2 Suppl. I SCC 335. In the said case, a note of caution to the effect was, however, added that the power C should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases. The illustrative categories indicated by this Court are earlier extracted in the order of the High Court.

We may reiterate and emphasise that the powers pos- D ·~ sessed by the High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. are very wide and the very plenitude of the power requires great caution in its exercise. Court must be careful to see that its decision in exercise of this power is based on sound principles. The inher- ent power should not be exercised to stifle a legitimate pros- E ecution. The High Court being the highest court of a State should · normally refrain from giving a prima facie decision in a case where the entire facts are incomplete and hazy, more so when the evidence has not been collected and produced before the Court and the issues involved, whether factual or legal, are of F magnitude and cannot be seen in their true perspective without sufficient material. Of course, no hard and fast rule can be laid down in regard to cases in which the High Court will exercise its jurisdiction of quashing the proceeding at any stage. [See Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhury (1992) 4 SCC 305; Raghubir G Saran Dr. v. State of Bihar 1964 (2) SCR 336; Kurukshetra University v. State of Haryana (1977) 4 SCC 451; and Zhandu Pharmaceuticals Works Umited and Others v. Mohd. Sharaful Haque and Another 2005 (1) SCC 122]. H A

In fact, the question of mala fides in a case like the present is not at all relevant. If the complaint which is made is correct and offence has been committed which will have to be established in a court of law, it is of no significance that the complainant is a person who is inimical or that he is guilty of B ma/a tides. If the ingredients which establish the commission of the offence or misconduct exist then, the prosecution cannot fail merely because there was an animus of the complainant or the prosecution against the accused. Allegations of mala fides may be relevant while judging the correctness of the allegations c or while examining the evidence. But the mere fact that the complainant is guilty of mala fides, would be no ground for quashing the proceedings. [See State of Maharashtra v. /sh war Piraji Ka/patri (1996) 1 SCC 542; Zhandu Pharmaceuticals Works Limited and Others v. Mohd. Sharaful Haque and An- o other 2005 (1) SCC 122; State of Bihar & Anr. v. J.A. C. Sa/danah (1980) 1 SCC 544; State of Orissa v. Saroj Kumar Sahoo 2005 (13) sec 540]. There may be some exceptions to the said rule but we are not concerned with such a case.

This Court in the latest decision has held that where investigation was completed, charge sheet had been filed and charges are framed, the High Court should not ordinarily em bark upon an enquiry as to the reliability of offences to sustain the allegations made in the complaint which is the function of the trial court. [see Som Mitta/ v. Government of Karnataka (2008) 2 sec 753] E F

Having given our careful consideration to the submis sions made by the learned counsel for the parties and in the backdrop of the facts and in the light of principles of law high lighted above, we have examined the entire material placed on G record by the parties in the case on hand. Indisputably, both the appellants took admission in the MBBS course in the session 1996-97 in Santosh Medical College and Hospital under the NRI quota against handsome payments of US $50,000 and US$49,700 each in addition to hostel charges and security H deposit, i.e. Rs. 75,GOO/- and Rs. 45,000/- respectively for one DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 969 Irr April 2000, Dr. P. Mahalingam - the second respon- A year. dent, Chairman/Managing Director of the Medical College took a loan of Rs. 25 lakhs on interest at the rate of 11.5 % from Dr. Narendra Kumar, father of the appellants.

The entire details of the facts of the present case do indicate that the appellants during their study of MBBS Course E had some problems with the second respondent; some staff of the College and the then SHO of P.S. Vijay Nagar, whose daugh- ter was also studying in the same College. The record would reveal that both the appellants being NRI candidates have un dergone physical and mental agony and torture during their stu- dents' career in pursuing the MBBS course. They had spent F most of their precious time in litigation in the courts fighting for their genuine and legitimate claims. They may be lacking in some indiscipline activities in the College for which they have been facing criminal proceedings for the past about 3 years. Look- ing to the entire backdrop of the peculiar facts of countless inci- G dents having faced by the appellants during their primary life as MBBS students and the nature of the offences alleged against them in the above mentioned crime cases lodged by Mrs. Indra Mohini Sharma and Rajender Kuntal in Police Station Vijay Nagar, Ghaziabad and allegations and counter allegations in H A various complaints made by the parties against each other and coupled with the tenor and contents of the apology tendered by the appellants, we are of the view that it is a fit case where we should exercise our jurisdiction under Article 142 of the Consti tution of India. We are conscious of the well-settled law laid B down by this Court in the above referred decisions and many more that in case of persons against whom prima facie case is made out and charge sheet is filed in the competent court, it is that court which will then deal with the case on merits in accor dance with law and the High Court should not except in extraor- C dinary circumstances exercise its jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. so as to quash the prosecution proceedings after they have been lodged.

Under Article 142 of the Constitution this Court in ex ercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such D order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any 'cause' or 'matter' pending before it. The expression "cause" or "mat ter" would include any proceeding pending in court and it would cover almost every kind of proceeding in court including civil or criminal. Though there is no provision like Section 482 of the E Criminal Procedure Code conferring express power on the Su preme Court to quash or set aside any criminal proceedings pending before a criminal court to prevent abuse of process of the court, but the inherent power of this Court under Article 142 coupled with the plenary and residuary powers under Articles F 32 and 136 embraces power to quash criminal proceedings pending before any court to do complete justice in the matter before this Court. If the court is satisfied that the proceedings in a criminal case are being utilised for obliq, ue purposes or if the same are continued on manufactured and false evidence G or if no case is made out on the admitted facts, it would be in the ends of justice to set aside or quash the criminal proceed ings. Once this Court is satisfied that the criminal proceedings amount to abuse of process of court, it would quash such pro ceedings to ensure justice. This Court's power under Article 142(1) to do "complete justice" is entirely of different level and H ). •. DR. MONICA KUMAR & ANR. v. STATE OF U. P. & ORS. [LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, J.] 973 of a different quality. What would be the need of "complete jus- A tice" in a cause or matter would depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case and while exercising that power the Court would take into consideration the express provisions of a substantive statute. Any prohibition or restriction contained in ordinary laws cannot act as a limitation on the constitutional B power of this Court. Once this Court has seisin of a cause or matter before it, it has power to issue any order or direction to do "complete justice" in the matter.

While considering the nature and ambit of its own power under this Article, this Court observed that it was advis- c able to leave its power undefined and uncatalogued so that it remains elastic enough to be molded to suit the given situation; even where no alternative remedy is efficacious due to lapse of time. [see Delhi Development Authority v. Skipper Construe- tion Co. (P) Ltd. [(1996) 4 SCC 622] relying on Re: Vinay D Chandra Mishra (1995) 2 SCC 584 and Kera/a State Electric- ity Board v. Kurien E. Kalathil (2000) 6 SCC 293). The power to do complete justice under this Article is, in a way, corrective power, which gives preference to equity over law It is a residu- ary power, supplementary and complementary to the powers E specially conferred by the statutes to do complete justice be- tween the parties whenever it is just and equitable to do so. It is intended to prevent any obstruction to the stream of justice. (emphasis supplied) .J ~

Mr. K. K. Venugopal and Mr. P. P. Rao at one stage of H A the hearing very fairly suggested that keeping in view the rela- tionship of a teacher and taught and having regard to the pecu- liar facts and circumstances of the case, the concerned respon- dents would be satisfied if an apology is tendered and some amount of compensation is awarded in favour of the third re- B spondents-informants of Crime No.412 of 2005 and of Crime No.21 of 2006. ) ~

We, having regard to the peculiar facts and circum- stances of this case, are of the opinion that it is a fit case where we should exercise our discretionary jurisdiction under Article 142 of the Constitution of India so as to bring the dispute be- tween the parties to an end. We, however, are of the opinion that as the appellants, at the relevant time, were students, no amount of compensation be directed to be paid. They must, however, file a written apology in the courts where the proceed- ings are pending.

Consequently, criminal proceedings arising out of Case Crime No. 412/2005 registered at the behest of Dr. Indra Mohini Sharma under Sections 452, 323, 504, 506 and 427 IPC and proceedings of Case Crime No. 21/2006 under Sections 452, 323, 336, 504, 506 and 427 IPC filed by Rajender Kuntal at Police Station Vijay Nagar, Ghaziabad and charges said to have been framed by the trial court based upon the above-said criminal cases against the appellants shall also stand quashed.

Before parting with this judgment, we make it clear that any observations made by us in this judgment may not be construed as an expression of opinion on the genuineness, au- thenticity, validity and legality of the allegations and counter al- legations levelled by the parties against each other in different proceedings and we have closed the proceedings of the above- mentioned Fl Rs initiated against the appellants mainly in exer- cise of our jurisdiction under Article 142 of the Constitution. R.P. Appeals Disposed of. • i