M/S INDIAN PETROCHEMICALS CORPORATION LTD v. COLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCISE, VADODARA

Judgment

#1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. TABLE Ethylene Propylene Butadiene Benzene Toluene Para-Xylene E F G According to the appellant the entire quantity of raw naphtha I ob tained by it is subjected to thermal cracking and is further subjected to fractipn and other processes to extract or manufacture these products. At an in(ermediate stage of manufacture, one of the by-products obtained is H 722 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] 2 S.C.R. A pyrolysis Gasolene .. Pyrolysis Gasolene is further. processed by the appel lant to obtain Benzene and Toluene which are products enumerated in the Table. The residue left after this manufacture is further processed to produce Petroleum Resins. Petroleum Resins are not listed in the Table.

What is left over is returned to the refinery. B C The Collector, Central Excise held that the entire quantity of Pyrolysis Gasolene which was presumed by him to be raw naphtha, was not entitled to concessional rate of duty as it was used for the manufacture of Petroleum Resins. He levied a duty of Rs. 24,41,99,988.77, ordered confis cation of land, building, plant, machinery with option to the appellant to redeem them on payment of Rs. 1 lac and imposed a penalty of Rs. 5 crores. In appeal the Tribunal held that Pyrolysis Gasolene used for manufacture of Benzene and Toluene was entitled to concessional rate of duty. But the residual Pyrolysis Gasolene used for the manufacture of D Petroleum resins was not so entitled.

It reduced the duty to Rs. 4.36 crores and reduced the penalty to Rs. 10 lacs. The present appeal· is from this order. Broadly speaking, the process of manufacture adopted by the appel E !ant is as follows : F Raw Naphtha which is obtained by the appellant at a concessional rate of duty under the above notification is cracked at high temperature as a result of which (1) olefenic rich gas (2) pyrolysis fuel oil and (3) pyrolysis gasolene are produced. Out of these, olefenic rich gas is further processed for the purpose of obtaining ethylene, butediene, propylene and other items enumerated in the Table. Residual gas is flared while the residue is· returned to naphtha cracker. The products which are obtained by the further processing of olefenic rich gas are all covered by the table in the concession notification.

Pyrolysis fuel oil which is the second resultant of G the thermal cracking process is used internally as fuel and is also removed as carbon black feed stock. ----· U pto this stage the respondent has accepted that the appellant has complied with the requirements of the above notification. The difficulty in the present case has arisen on account of the third resultant of the thermal H cracking processing, namely, pyrolysis gasolene. P}Tolysis gasolene which INDIAN PETROCHEMICALS'· COLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCISE [MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR, l.J 7'23

arises in the process of thermal cracking is further processed by the A appellant in order to obtain benzene and toluene which are also enumerated items. Since 1984 the appellant has put up a Petroleum resin plant. ? After the extraction of benzene and toluene, the residual pyrolysis gasolene is further processed in the petroleum resin plant of the appellant. The residual product is given a C8.C9 Cut which ultimately results in the B manufacture of petroleum resins. Petroleum resins are not mentioned in the table annexed to the above exemption notification. According to the respondent, the appellant has diverted pyrolysis gasolene for the manufacture of petroleum resins and, therefore, pyrolysis gasolene to the extent that it is used for the manufacture of petroleum C resins cannot be granted concessional rates of excise duty. Accordingly under the impugned order of CEGAT, duty of excise must be calculated on the balance of residue of pyrolysis gasolene "diverted" for C8.C9 Cut and not on the entire pyrolysis gasolene as earlier held by the department. . As a result the appellant has become liable. to pay duty calculated ap proximately at Rs. 4.36 crores instead of Rs. 24,41,99,988.77 as earlier held D by the department. In order to decide whether the findings of Tribunal are correct, we must examine the terms of the notification in question. The notification exempts raw naphtha intended for use in the manufacture of products E specified in the table attached to it from so much of the duty of excise as is in excess of the amount calculated at the rate of Rs. 60 per kilolitre at 15 C on the quantity of naphtha consumed in the manufacture of the said products. It is an accepted position that the appellant has used raw naphtha which was obtained by the appellant under the notification for the F manufacture of products which are listed in the table. The only contention of the department is that the appellant has not used the entire quantity of raw naphtha for this purpose. This contention does not appear to be correct. The entire quantity of raw naphtha which was obtained by the appellant under the exemption notification is subjected G to thermal cracking for the purpose of obtaining ethylene, butadiene, propylene and other items which are incorporated in the said table. After the entire quantity of raw naphth<1js subjected to thermal cq1cking, three items emerge; olefenic rich gas, pyrolysis fuel oil and pyrolysis gasolene. There is no way in which the appellant could have avoided this outcome. H --I 724 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] 2 S.C.R. A · Out of these resultants, olefenic rich gas is required to be further processed for the manufacture of items forming part of the table. One of the other resultant products, namely, pyrolysis gasolene is further processed to ob tain some more products which are listed in the table, namely, benzene and toluene. For this processing of pyrolysis gasolene also the department has B no objection because as a result of processing of pyrolysis gasolene the products which are obtained are listed in the table. However, the further processing of residual pyrolysis gasolene after extraction of benzene and toluene in the petroleum resin plant on the appellant is objected to by the department. This further processing of C pyrolysis gasolene residue results in production of petroleum resins which are not enumerated in the said table. There is no dispute that on petroleum resins so manufactured the appellant is paying duty of excise. The only dispute is as to the duty of excise to be levied on pyrolysis gasolene residue which is processed in the petroleum resin plant of the appellant to D manufacture resins. According to the respondent the portion of the residual pyrolysis gasolene consumed in the manufacture of Petroleum resins should have been returned to the refinery. F In the first place the contention of the respondent that the appellant has diverted raw naphtha to the manufacture of petroleum resins is not E correct. What the appellant obtained under the exemption notification was raw naphtha which was subjected to thermal cracking. The entire quantity of raw naphtha so obtained was subjected to processing for the purpose of obtaining items enumerated in the table. The appellant did not set apart any quantity of raw naphtha for the purpose of obtaining petroleum resins. It has merely subjected the residual pyrolysis gasolene to further processing in the petroleum resin plant for the manufacture of petroleum resins. This residual pyrolysis gasolene cannot be equated with raw naphtha which was obtained at concessional rate of duty. Explanation 2 of the notification provides that in cases where certain goods which are incidental, inevitable or involuntary to the process of manufacture of the products specified in G the said table are produced in the course of manufacture the exemption under this notification shall not be denied on the ground that these goods are not products specified in the said Schedule. In fact, the respondent has issued a clarification with the concurrence of the Ministry of Law bearing G.I. (D.R. & D.) F. No. 03!15n2-Cx.3 dated 26.3.1976 setting out as follows H INDIAN PE1ROCHEMICALS '· COLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCl~E [MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J. J 725 " .......... it is clarified that when raw naphtha is intended for use in A the manufacture of any one or more of the products specified in the Schedule appended to the notification the production of other goods which are incidental/inevitable/involuntary in such produc- tion would not disturb the scheme of exemption and that the whole of the raw naphtha would be deemed to have been used in the B manufacture of the product for the manufacture of which raw naphtha was obtained." In this connection, our attention is drawn to a decision of this Court in the case of State of Haryana v. Dalmia Dadri Cement Ltd. [1987] Supp. SCC 679. In that case, cement required for use in the generation or C distribution of electrical energy was exemptea from sale tax. The Punjab State Electricity Board had obtained the cement and given certificates that it was for use in the generation or distribution of electrical energy. The Court said that the mere fact that some of the cement supply was, in fact, used by the Board for activities not directiy connected with the generation D or distribution of electrical energy cannot make any difference to the availability of the exemption. The intention of the board was that the cement was directly connected with the generation or distribution of electrical energy. In the present case, the entire raw naphtha which is obtained at E concessional rates of duty is made use cif for the purpose of obtaining products permitted under the said exemption notification. Only some of the processed residue is used for the manufacture of other products. There is, therefore, no violation in the present case of the exemption notification. F In the case of M/s. Steel Authority of India Ltd. v. Collector of Central Excise, C.A. Nos. 3406-11/90 with C.A. No. 3178/90 decided by this Court on 30-7-1995, S.P. Bharucha and K.T. Thomas, JJ.) raw naphtha was subjected to a concessional rate of duty under an exemption notification provided that it was intended for use in the manufacture of fertilizers. Raw naphtha which was so obtained by SAIL was according to the revenue not G used entirely for the manufacture of fertilizers. According to SAIL, be cause of abnormal operating conditions there was excessive consumption of raw naphtha on account of low load operation, interruption in the plant operations due to low, uncertain and fluctuating availability of power. Also consumption of naphtha was further high because gases produced out of H 726 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] 2 S.C.R. A raw naphtha had to be vented due to acute power crisis causing interrup tion/stoppages of down stream units of the plant. The Court said that although raw naphtha for reasons beyond the control of SAIL did not, in fact, result in the manufacture of fertilizer and had to be vented at an interim stage, nevertheless it could not be said that SAIL had violated any B condition of the exemption notification because raw naphtha which was fed by SAIL into its plant was for the purpose and with the intention of manufacturing fertilizers. It was only because of supervening circumstances that the reformed gas produced during the interim stage of manufacture had to be vented out. C In the present case, pyrolysis gasolene is an incidental product which has been further processed -to obtain petroleum resin. This cannot be considered as a diversion of raw naphtha obtained at concessional rates for manufacture of other items. In this connection, the appellant has drawn our attention to another D exemption notification being Notification No. 28/89-C.E. also dated

1.3.1989 which is as follows : "Exemption of goods other than blended or compounded lubricat ing oils and greases. - In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section SA of the Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944 (1 of 1944), the Central Government, being satisfied that it is necessary in the public interest so to do, hereby exempts goods (other than blended or compounded lubricating oils and greases) falling under Chapter 27 of the Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 (5 of 1986) produced in a factory and - . (a) utilised in the factory in which the said excisable goods 1 are produced, for the manufacture of other goods or as fuel for such manufacture (excluding fuel used for any internal combustion engine) or both; or (b) allowed to escape in the atmosphere by flare system or otherwise; from the whole of the duty excise leviable thereon which 1s specified in the said Schedule." Under this notification pyrolysis gasolene which falls under chapter E F G H INDIAN PE'l'ROCHEMICALS '· COLLECI'OR OF CENTRAL EXCISE (MRS. SUJATA V. MANO HAR, l.J 727 27 is produced in the appellant's factory and it is utilised for the manufac- A ture of goods. As such it would be exempt from the whole of the duty of excise leviable thereon assuming that any duty of excise is lcviable on it. Therefore, we fail to see how any duty of excise can be levied on any part of pyrolysis gasolene manufactured in the factory of the appellant. Pyrolysis Gasolene being an intermediate product which is produced B in the factory of the appellant, and it being utilised for the manufacture of other goods, it would be totally exempt from payment of excise duty under the second exemption notification. The appeal is, therefore, allowed. the appellant is not liable to pay any duty of excise on pyrolysis gasolene. The impugned order of Tribunal C is, therefore, set aside. There will, however, be no order as to costs. S.V.K.I. Appeal allowed.