THE REMINGTON RAND OF INDIA LTD v. THE WORKMEN

The first point taken against this a.ward is it cannot G be given effect to as it was published beyond the period fixed in the Act. The notification accompanying the gazette publi cation stated that Government had received the award on 14th October, 1966. It was argued by Mr. Gokhale that in terms of s. 170) of the Industrial Disputes Act the award had to be published "within a period of thirty days from the date of its receipt by the B appropriate Government". According learned counsel, the award having reached Government on 14th October. 1966 it should ha.ve been published at the latest on 12th N_ovember, 1966 as s. 17 (l) of the Act was mandatory. Our attention was also drawn to • REMINGTON RAND V. WORKMEN (Afitwr, J.) 1611 A sub-s. (2) of s. 17 according to which it is only the award published under sub-s. (I) of s. 17 that is final and cannot be called in ques tion by any court in any manner. We were also referred to s.

17-A and s. 19. Under sub-s. (1) of s. 17-A an award becomes enforce able on the expiry of thirty days from the date of its publication under s. 17 and under sub-s. (3) of s. 19 an award is to remain in operation for a period of one year from the date on which the B award becomes enforceable under s. 17-A. From all these provisions, it was argued tha.t the limits of time mentioned in the sections were" mandatory and not directory and if an award was published beyond the period of thirty days, in contravention of s. 17(1) it could not be given effect to. To fortify his argument, learned counsel relied on certain observations of this Court in The Sirsilk C Ltd. v. Government of Andhra Pradesh. (') In that case, there was an order referring certain disputes between the appellant and its workmen to the Industrial Tribunal, Andhra Pradesh. The Tribu nal sent its award to Government in September 1957. Before the Government could publish the award, the parties to the dispute came to a settlement and on 1st October, 1957 a letter was written to the Government jointly on behalf of the employer and the em- D ployees intimating that the dispute which had been pending before the Tribunal had been settled aiid a, request was made to the award. · Government expres Government not to publish sed its inability to withhold the publication the view that s.

17 of the Act was mandatory. The appellants filed writ petitions before the High Court of Andhra Pradesh under Art. E 226 of the Constitution praying that Government might be direct ed not to publish the award sent to it by the Industrial Tribunal. The High Court held that s. 17 was mandatory and it was. not open to Government to withhold publication. The contention on behalf of the appellants was that s. 17 providing for the publication of the award was directory and not mandatory. Mr. Gokhale taking F relied on the passage at page 452 of the judgment reading : "It is clear therefore, readings. 17 ands. 17-A together, that the intention l>ehind s. 17(1) is that a duty is cast on Government to publish the award within thirty days of its receipt and the provision for its publication is mandatory and not merely directory". G ~ltimately, however, on a conspectus of ss. 17, 17-A, 18 and 19 it was observed that- "though s.

17(1) is mandatory and the Government is bound to publish the award received by it from an indus !rial tribunal, th~ situation arising in a case like the present is of an exceptional nature and requires a reconciliation betweens. 18(1) an~ s. 18(3). and in such a situation, the only way to reconcile the two provisions is to 'Vithhold the publication of the award, as a binding settlement has lllready come intO force ...... " B (1) [1964) 2 S.C.R. 448, 452. BUPllJU(B COUllT JIBPOll'fS (1968) 1 s.c.11. Refc; rence was also mal!e to the e11se of Erumeli Estate v. Indus- tri~ Tribunal('). There the question dh'octly arose 116 f(l whether non-publica.tioll of thi;: award within the period mentioneil in s. 17 (!) invlllidaled the award 11nd the J1:11rned Jl19ge observed tht be was 11\lt inclined to accept thll.t contention although it was highly desirable that the award should be published within mentioned. lfe said : "Excepting that a slight delay in publishing the award under s.

17(1) results in postponing its finality under s. 17 . (i) or its becoming enforceable under s. 17-.1\, no other consequence flows from the delay and therefore, in my view, the provisions of sub-s. (!) of s. 17 should be con- sidered only to be merely directory ......... " Mr. Gokhale also referred us to the case of The State of Uttar Pradesh &; Others v. Babu Ram Upadhya(') where there is an elaborate discussion as to whether the use of the word "shall" in a statute made It was observed by Subba Rao, J. (as he then was) speaking for the majority of the Court that: the provision mandatory. "For ascertaining the real intention of the Legislature the Court may consider inter alia, the nature and the design of the statute, and the consequences which would follow from construing it one way or the othei:. the impact of other provisions whereby the necessity of complying with the provisions in question is avoided, the. circum stances, namely, that the statute provides for a contin· gency of the non-compliance with the provisions. the fact that the non-compliance with the provisions is or is not visited by some penalty, the serious or trivial consequ- ences that flow therefrom, and, above all, whether the object of the legislation will 'be defeated or furthered.

" .\ B c X> 1 I' Keeping the above principles in mind, we cannot but hold that a provision as to time in s. 17(1) is merely directory and not manda tory. Section 170) makes it obligatory on the Government to pub lish the award. The limit of time has been fixed as showing that the publication of the award ought not to be hcld up. But the fixation G of the period of 30 days mentioned therein does not mean that the publication beyond that time will render the award invalid. It is not difficult to think of circumstances when the publication of the award within thirty days may not be possible. For instance, there may be a strike in the press or there may be anr other good and sufficient cause by reason of which the publication could not be made within thirty days. If we were to hold that the award would R therefore be rendered invalid, it would be attaching undue impor- · tance to a provision not in the mind of the legislature.

It is well (1) f1962] II L.L.J. 144. <'l f1961J 2 s.c.11. 679,710. R.EHINGTON RAND u. WORKJIEN (Mittet-, J,) 167 A known that it very often takes a long period of time for the refer If the a;ward ence to be concluded and the award to be made. becomes invalid merely on the ground of publication after thirty days, it might entail a fresh reference with needless harassment to the parties. The non-publication of the award within the period of thirty days does not entail any penalty and this is another con sideration which has to be kept in mind. What was said in the B earlier passage from the judgment in The Sirsilk Ltd. v. -Govern ment of Andhra Pradesh(') merely shows that it was not open 'to Government to withhold pubiication but this Court never meant to lay down that the period of time fixed for publication was man datory. c Coming to the merits of the case, Mr. Gokhale argued that the Tribunal had gone wrong in revising the wage scales as it had done.

The head of dispute referred to the Tribunal was "revi sion of wages as per award of the Madras Labour Tribunal in 38 of 1960." The arguments advanced in this case were the same as in the Bangalore case (just now disposed of) and the Tribunal after noting the. phenomenal progress of the Company and the J) enormous profits it was making, came to the conclusion that there was no reason why there should be any disparity in wages between the employees of a branch and the regional office when they were. doing the same or similar work. In this case also, there was no evidence of comparable concerns. In our view, what we have said on this point of the dispute with regard to the Bangalore branch E applies equally with regard to the Kerala branch and the matter will have to go back to the Tribunal for fixing the wages and the adjustment of the workers in the revised scale in the light of the >Observations made in that case bearing in mind Mr.

Gokhale's •offer on behalf of the Company to increase the wages as in the >0ther appeal. ...,. F With regard to dearness allowance again, what was said in the Bangalore appeal applies equally to this appeal. Here again the Tribunal said: ~ · · "It is also an accepted fact that the cc>st of living both at 'Trivandrum and at Ernakulam is higher than the cost of living at Madras. Therefore, there is no justification in perpetuating the disparity in the payment of D.A. to the workmen working at Madras and those working in the Trivandrum Branch. " Jn the result, the Tribunal directed that the workmen of Ernakulam branch should get dearness allowance "at the rate at which and in JI th~ manner in which" the pay and dearness allowance was being paid to the employees of Madras Regional Office. In our view, dearness allowance should be the same as decided in the case of the workers of the Bangalore .branch.

('\ [ 100412 s.c.R. m. 168 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1968] 1 s.c.a. The scheme for gratuity is the same as in the· case of Bangalore branch with the only difference that the maximum fixed was 20 months' wages after 20 years service. In our view, there is no reason why the scheme for gratuity should not be the same in the Ernakulam branch as in the Bangalore branch in case of termi nation of service for misconduct and the qualifying period should be 15 years' service. the A B: Again, on principles already. formulated, we hold that leave facilities at Ernakulam should be the same as those prevailing at Madl'll!I. Next comes the dispute with regard to the working hours. The working hours of the employees of Trivandrum and Ernakulam as c· 1. p. m. and from 2 p. m. prevalent were from .9 a. m. to 5-30 p. m. on week days and from· 9 a. m. to 1 p. m. on Saturdays. At Madras the Company's workers work only for five days in a week from 9 a. m. to 1 p. m. and 1-45 p. m. to 5-30 p.m.

The total working hours were therefore somewhat less than those at Trivandrum a.nd Ernakulam. The complaint of the union before the Tribunal was that although by circuJar dated 24th D• March 1963 the Company hall fixed the working hours from 9.30 a.m. for clerks and 9 a.m. for mechanics and peons, it was extract ing half an hour's work per day extra contrary to their own orders. The Tribunal held that the circular should be given effect to and that the clerical staff should work from 9.30 a.m: to 1 p.m. and from 2 p.m. to 5.30 p.m. on working days and from 9.30 a.m. to E· 1 p.m. on Saturdays. We see no reason to disturb this portion of the award. Another head of dispute related to work-load. The complaint of the union was that the workload was too heavy and that the method of calculation of workload was arbitrary. According to them, the workload fixed by. agreement between the Company and F' its employees in Delhi and Lucknow was seven machines per day or 150 machines per month, while the workload at Trivandrum was 10 machines per day.

According to the Management the work load fixed i.e., 10 machines per day, was not too much and there was no reason for disturbing the prevailing arrangement. But the Mhanahgedment dedid not eddeny thhat duriklng tdhe course of negh?tiations a. to seven mac mes per t ey a agre day or 150 machines per month and the Tribunal adopted this in the award with a rider that "all the machines attended to. whether new or old, whether under the service contract or not, will be counted for the salce of workload". No satisfactory reason has been adduced as to why we should disturb the award. to r uce t e wor. oa The last head Of dispute was with regard to "moving staff allowance". The union demanc\ed that workmen who were deputed on tour on Company's work should be given a day off if they had to travel two nights consecutively. Demand was also made J£ REMINGTON RAND V. WORKMEN (Mitter, J.) 169 A travelling . staff should be paid overtime for· the work done on holidays while on tour at double the normal wages for the day.

The Management disputed this claim on the ground that it was not possible to calculate the number of hours worked by the em ployee at the out-station while on tour. The Tribunal found on examining a mechanic that .the jurisdiction of the branch was limit, J! ed to the districts Trivandrum, Quilon, Alleppey and Kottayam .and even if he was forced to work on holidays he was given over time wages. The Tribunal held that it was only just and reasonable that touring mechanics should be given a day off if they travelled .. on two· consecutive days for reaching a place of work and also over time wages at double the wages for the work done on holidays. It jurisdiction noted appears to us, that with the limitation as for . a mechanic spending two consecutive nights for reaching a place of work will arise very seldom, but if it does, there is no reason why he should not get overtime wages as awarded by the Tribunal and we see no reason to interfere with this portion of the award.

C above, · the occasion In the result, the matter will go back to the Tribunal for dis- D posal of the issue as t'o the revision of w.age scales and adjustment of. workers in the revised scales. The scheme for gratuity will stand modified as. indicated in. our judgment in Civil Appeal No. 2105 of 1966 deJtvered today. The rest of the award will stand. The appellant will pay the respondent the costs of this appeal. Award modified. V.P.S.