Hidayatul/a/i J v. Januarv

HIDAYATULLAH J.-This is an appeal by special leave against the order of the High Court, Punjab, dated August 14, 1963, by which an order of the Rent Controller 1mder s. 15 (1) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958, directing the appellant to deposit back rents at Rs. 300 per month from 1st July; 1957, was confirmed. The High Court granted the appellant one month's time from the date of its own order, as the original time had already run out. The appellant is an advocate, who is practising at Delhi. He is occupying No. 43, Prithvi Raj Road, New Delhi as a tenant, and his landlord Seth Kirori Mal Luhariwala is the respondent in this appeal. The tenancy commenced on July 28, 1957, and the memorandum of tenancy, dated July 1, 1957, produced in the case, shows that the premises were taken on a monthly tent of Rs. 300· The memorandum also contains other terms which need not be mentioned here, because they are not relevant to the present appeal. It appears that Seth Kirori Mal was in arrears in payment of his income-tax, and a sum of Rs. 39,00,000 was out standing from him. On October 31, 1957, the Income-tax Officer Central Circle, New Delhi, to whom all cases of Seth Kirori Mal were transferred, issued a notice to the appellant under s. 46(5A) of the Indian Income-tax Act directing him to deposit with the Income-tax Officer all sums due by way of rent as also future rents. The appellant sent no reply to this notice .. He had, however, on September 29, 1957, addressed a letter to the respondent Seth Kirori Mal. The reply of Kirori Mal, dated October 15, 1957, figured in the arguments a great deal, and as it is brief, it may be quoted here: "From To Dated Paigarh, the 15th October. 1957. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 1964 Dear Sir, JI. N. JI a.rudeva v. Kirorimal Luharilvala Hidayatullah J. With reference to letter No. M-17-58, dated 29th Sep tember, 1957, I am to write that you may please. adjust six months rent of 43, Prithviraj Road, New Delhi, i.e., Rs. 1800 (rent from 1-10-57 to 31-3-1958) towards your professional fee in part payment thereof. The balance of your fee will be paid later at the time of final settlement. Yours faithfully, (Sd.) Paluram Dhanania, For Kirorimal Luhariwala. Kirori Mal also sent a receipt, dated October 16, 1957, for the amount, and is· item 23 in the record. Kirori Mal had litigation in Calcutta. He had brought a suit against four defendants, claiming the present property as his "absolute" and "exclusive self-acquired property"· The case was pending in the High Court and on May I, 1958, an order was made appointing one Chakravarti as a Receiver of the properties including No. 43, Prithvi Raj Road. Chakravarti also sent a notice on July 8, 19 5 8, to the appellant demanding rent already due and also as and when due. To this notice, the appellant sent a reply on July 19, 1958. He referred to the payment of rent by adjustment towards fees for the period 1st October, 1957 to 31st March, 1958, which was letter above. He stated that as regards rent after 1st April. 1958, he had no objection to pay the amount to the Receiver or any other claimant but regretted that it was not possible for him to make the payment because of the notice served upon him by the Income-tax Officer. He asked the Receiver to get the notice withdrawn, and stated that he would be glad to remit the amount of rent to him when that was done. He also raised the question of certain other expenses which he had incurred in connection with the house which he claimed he was entitled to deduct from the rent and informed that a few repairs were required in the house. A second letter was sent by the Official Receiver on Septem ber 5. 1959, making another demand. In his reply, dated September 14, 1959, to this letter, the appellant raised the the subject of the '6 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS r85 .question that a sum of Rs. 23,500 was payable to him for professional services rendered by him to Seth Kirori Mal. He stated: . ' "You will therefore appreciate that I am entitled to adjust the rent payable against the fees due to me and the amount due to me will absorb the rent for a little over six years. 1964 V. N. Vasudeva Y. Kirorimal Luharlwala Hidayatullah /. Even before this Seth Kirori Mal had paid me a sum of Rs. 1800 by way of adjustment of rent to wards my professional fees due. You will, therefore, kindly agree that the rent payable is adjustable against the professional fee due to me." With this letter, he enclosed a copy of a statement of fees amounting to Rs. 23,500 which he had submitted to bis client on February 4, 1959. The Official Receiver then in formed the appellant that the party concerned had denied the claim for fees as absolutely false, and observed in bis letter that the professional fees should be the subject of some other proceeding but the rent should be paid with· out delay. He enquired if the amount of rent had been paid In to the Income-tax department in response to the notice. his reply to this letter, on July 5, 1960, the appellant for the first time stated that there was an agreement between rent towards his him and Seth Kirori Mal to adjust the professional fees until the fees were fully paid. He offered to reduce the fees if Seth Kirori Mal had any objection, but stated that till the professional fees were recouped, no rent could be considered to be due from him. On November 25, 1960, Seth Kirori Mal applied to the High Court at Calcutta for directions to the Official Receiver to take appropriate proceedings to realise the arrears of rent from the appellant, and on December 19, 1960, the High Court appointed Seth Kirori Mal receiver in the case. Seth Kirori Mal then served a notice on December 21, l 960, on the appellant to pay the arrears of rent. To this notice, the appellant sent a detailed reply which, in substance, bas been his defence in the proceedings before the Rent Controller, from which the present appeal has arisen. I 1964 V. N. V asudeva v. Kirorimal Luharlwala Hldayatu/lah J. 186 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [rg64J On January 4, 1961, Seth Kirori Mal made an applica tion under s. 14 of the Delhi Rent Control Act before the Rent Controller, Delhi. In his written statement in reply to that application, the appellant pleaded that Seth Kirori Mal had no right to recover rent from him, inasmuch as a notice under s. 46( SA) of the Indian Income-tax Act had been issued by the Income-tax Officer, Central Circle V, New Delhi. He pleaded that the property was in the cus tody of the Court, and that Inasmuch as a receiver had been appointed, Kirori Mal had no locus standi to maintain the petition denying at the same tiine that Kirori Mal had informed him that he had been appointed a receiver of the property. The appellant also contended that under the Rent Control Act, a receiver had no right to act on behalf of the landlord. He referred to the alleged agreement by which fees were to be recouped from rent as and when it fell due, pointing out that on an earlier occasion a sum of Rs. 1800 was allowed to be adjusted towards fees.. Some other pleas were raised, but it is not necessary to refer to them, because they were not raised before us. The notice to quit which the appellant alleged was not issued to him was filed in the Court of the Controller on May 17, 1961. The appellant was ordered to inspect it and to be ready for his statement as to the correctness of the nott:e. On the next date, a statement of the appellant was recorded and he denied the notice and also its receipt. The casl! was then set down for arguments and after hearing the arguments, the Rent Controller passed his order on July 22, 1961. The Rent Controller held that there wa" no proof or1 the file to show that the respondent had any right to make an adjustment of the rent against his professional dues. He held that the rent was not paid after March 31, 1958. With regard to the plea that a notice under s . . 46 ( 5 A) of the Income-tax Act, 1922, had been issued, the Rent Controller observed that the amount. if deposited in his court, would not be paid to Kirori Mal unless he pro- duced a clearance certificate from the Income-tax Depart- ment. The Rent Controller also said that if in the enquiry to be subsequently made, the tenant proved that the amount of fees had to be recouped from rent, the amount would not be paid to Kirori Mal. I 1964 Jf. N. Jf a.rudeva" •• Kirorimal Lulrariwala Hidayatullali /." ' 6 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS Against the decision of the Rent Controller, the appel lant filed an appeal before the Rent Control Tribunal. The Rent Control Tribunal affirmed the decision of the Control ler, observing that the plea taken by him that his profes sional fees were to come out of rent was an after-thought and there was no evidence to prove that there was such an agreement between the parties. On other matters, Tribunal expressed its agreement with the Rent Controller. The appellant then appealed to the High Court of Punjab. The High Court upheld the orders so far made and pointed out that in the letter dated July 19, 1958, to the Receiver, the appellant had not mentioned the agreement. The High Court held that the order made under s. 15 (1 ) of the Act was proper, because it was an admitted fact that rent had not been paid to anybody from April l, 1958. The High Court endorsed the view of the Tribunals below that the notice of the Income-tax Officer did not come in the way of making the deposit of the rent in the office of the Rent Controller, because the amount was not to be paid to any one till the Rent Controller had decided who was entitled to receive it. The appeal was therefore dismissed. In this court, emphasis is laid upon the letter of Octo ber 15, 1957, by Kirori Mal in which there was an adjust ment of Rs. 1800 towards fees. It was contended that thl!re was an oral agreement to use the rent to pay the profession al fees. The letter itself does not show that there was any In fact it shows the contrary where it such agreement. says: "The balance of your fees will be paid later at the time of final settlement." This shows that the appellant was not entitled to retain the rent in his hands, and the Tribunals below were justified in saying that the plea about the so-called agreemeut was an after-thought, because till September 14, 1959, the appel lant had not mentioned such an agreement. We are also satisfied that the plea was a mere device to retain the money and to avoid paying the rent. It must be remembered that there were as many as four claimants, viz., the Income-tax Officer, the Receiver and Kirori Mal in person and Kirori 1964 V. N. Vasudeva v. Kirorimal Luhariwala Hidoyatullah J. 188 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1g64] Mal as Receiver. but the appellant avoided each of these in turn by pointing to the others, and in this way continued to occupy the premises without payment of any rent. It was contended however as a matter of law that a proper opportunity ought to have been given to the appel lant to prove his plea by leading evidence before ordering that the rent be deposited. Mr. S. T. Desai contended that under s. 15 (1) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, an order for deposit of arrears of rent can only be made after the tenant has been given an opportunity of being heard, because if .the tenant makes a payment or deposit as required of him, the landlord is entitled to take the amount of deposit and the Controller can award such costs as he may deem fit to the landlord and the case comes to nn end. By way of contrast, he pointed out that the case proceeds if the tenant fails to make the payment or deposit as required In other words, it was contended that an order of him. under s. 15 (1) for deposit of rent should only be made at the end of the case and not at an interlocutory stage. Mr. Desai contended that the present order was made at an inter locutory stage and it was wrong, because tenant deposited the money, there would be no further hearing and his plea that there was an agreement between the parties that the rent as and when it fell due should be set off against the professional fc;es, would remain untried. In our opinion, this reading is not permissible. Section 15 (omitting ouch parts as are unnecessary for the present purpose) reads as follows: if the - Section 15. (1) In every proceeding for the recovery of posses sion of any premises on the ground specified in clause (a) of the proviso to sub-section (1 ) of section 14, the Controller shall, after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard, make an order directing the landford or deposit with the Controller within one month of the date of the order, an amount calculated at the rate of rent at which it was last paid for the period for which the arrears of the rent were legally recoverable from the ten- tenant to pay to 6 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPOR1S 189 ant including the period subsequent thereto up to the end of the month previous which payment or deposit is made and to conti nue to pay or deposit month by month, by the fifteenth of each succeeding month, a equivalent to the rent at that rate . to that 1964 V. N. Vasud.va v. Kirorimal Luhariwaltl . Hldayatul/ah 1- • • I I I I I I o t • o I o o o ( 3) If, in any proceeding to in referred relation to interim rent in section ( 1) or sub-section ( 2), there is any dis pute as to the amount of rent payahle by the tenant, the Controller shall, within fifteen days of the date of the first hearing of the proceed ing, fix an premises to be paid or deposited in accordance with the provisions of sub-section ( 1) or sub section ( 2), as the case may be, until standard rent in relation. thereto is fixed having regard to the provisions of this Act, and the amount of arrears, if any, calculated on basis of the standard rent shall be paid or deposited by the tenant within next month of the date on which the standard rent is fixed or such further time as the Controller may allow in this behalf . • I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ( 6) If a tenant makes payment or deposit as re quired by sub-section ( 1) or sub-section ( 3), recovery of no order shall be made for the possession on the ground of default in the pay ment of rent by the tenant but the Controller niay allow such costs as he may deem fit to the landlord. (7) If a tenant fails to make payment or deposit as required by this section the Controller may order the defence against eviction to be struck out and proceed with the hearing of application." It will be noticed that sub-section ( 3) also contemplat1~ 1964 V. N. V asudeva v. Kirorimal Luhariwala Hidayatullah /. 190 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1g64] payment of interim rent determined by the Controller before the entire dispute is settled. Sub-section ( 6) puts the case under sub-s. (1) and sub-s. ( 3) on the same foot ing and makes no distinction between them. It is also pos sible to visualise cases in which the tenant may deposit the amount of rent under protest and claim that his defence be It is not that even on the deposit of the arrears of tried. rent in these circumstances the case would come to an end. The latter part of sub'section ( l) further shows that not only the arrears have to be deposited but rent as it falls due has to be deposited month by month by the 15th of each succeeding month. This also shows that the order under sub-section ( l) is not a final order but is preliminary to the trial of the case and is made only where the rent has in fact not been paid. For the purpose of an interim order it was not necessary that there should have been a full trial. The Rent Controller had the affidavit of the appellant and he ~ould judge whether in the circumstances of the case, an interim order ought or ought not to be made. He cam~ to the conclusion that the rent was not paid and the plea that it was being withheld under an agreement was an after thought and not true. The High Court and the Rent Con trol Tribunal have agreed with this view of the Rent Con troller and the conclusion appears to us to be sound. Once such a conclusion is reached, it is quite manifest that the order was made after affording an opportunity tlJ the appel lant to be heard. No doubt, the appellant is entitled to lead oral evidence in regard to the agreement he alleges, but for that he will have an opportunity hereafter. At the moment, he is being asked to deposit the arrears in court, which admittedly are outstanding. Mr. Desai next contended that the notice under s. 46(5A) amounted to a garnishee order and the appellant could not, while the notice stood, make any payment with out incurring personal liability. There was no question of a personal liability because the Rent Controller had stated in his order that the amount would not be paid to :myone till the clearance certificate was obtained from the Income tax Department. The Rent Controller had informed the Income-tax authorities and the appellant ran no risk in depositing the arrears of rent in the circumstances. 6 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS I9I It was contended that the notice under s. 46(5AJ amounted to an attachment of the rent in the hands of the appellant and reference was made to the provisions of s. 46 sub-s· SA para 5. The argument overlooks the next para which provides: 1964 Y. N. J' asudeva v. Kirorimal Luhariw•la Hldayatullah J. "'Vhere a person to whom a notice under this sub section is sent objects to it on the ground that the sum demanded or any part thereof is not due to the assessee or that he does not hold any money for or on account of the assessee, then, nothing contained in this section shall be deem ed to require such person to pay any such sum to the or part thereof, as the case may be, Income-tax Officer." If there was an agreement between the parties and Kirori Mal was '"debted for such a. large amount, th~ appellant could have objected on the ground that he did not hold any money for or on account of the assessee and then he would not have been required to pay any sum to the Income-tax Officer. The appellant did nothing in the matter except to deny the payment to everyone. He paid nothing to the Income-tax Officer, declined to deposit the money before the Rent Controller and refused to recognise the <lemands In other words, he was by the Receiver and his landlord. trying to take full advantage of the law, when he could have informed the Income-tax Officer about his own position and paid the money to the Rent Controller subject to its being paid to the Income-tax Department. Reference was made in this connection to a decision of the Calcutta High Court reported in Nalinakhya Bysack and another v. Shyam Sunder Halder and others(') in which Harries C.J. observed that before making an orde! for the deposit of the rent, a full enquirv should be made. That was a case in which the tenant had pleaded that there was an agreement between him and the landlord that any amount spent on repairs would be set off against the rent. Harries C.J. held that without ascertaining the (1) A.I.R. (1952) Cal. 198. 1964 V. N. Vasudeva v. Kirorimal Luharlwala Hldayatullah J. 192 SUPREME COURT REPORTS truth of the plea that a large sum had been spent on repairs, an order to deposit the entire arrears of rent ought not to It is quite clear that the facts there were have been made. entirely different. Payment by the landlord for repairs was a part of the tenancy agreement and rent under that tenancy could not be calculated without advertence to every term of the agreement of tenancy. Here the special agreement which is pleaded is outside the tenancy agreement and the allegation about the ·special agreement has been held to be an after-thought and false. It is therefore diffici1\t to apply the ruling to the present circumstances. The appeal is wholly devoid of merit and it is dismissed with costs. By the consent of parties, a period of two months from the date of hearing (20- 12-1963) was granted to the appellant to deposit the arrears of r~nt from 1st April, 1958, in the Court of the Rent Controller. Appeal dismissed .. 1964 January, 13 SURAJ RATAN THIRANI & ORS. v. THE AZAMABAD TEA CO. & ORS. (B. P. SINHA, C.J., J. C. SHAH AND N. RAJAGOPALA AYYANGAR JJ.) Code of Civil Procedure (Act V of 1908), O. IX, r. 9-Scope of l·row11 Grants Act, s. 3-Lease by Government-Effect of-Applica .. bility of s. 41 of Transfer of Property Act (IV of 1882). The property covered by the Tea Estate was granted by the Govern· ment by way of lease in 1898 for 30 years. In 1913 it was purchased' by Azam Ali. When he died in 1917, he left behind 8 sons, 9 daughters and 3 widows. The name of Ismail, his el(iest son. was entered in the Ismail borrowed considerable official records as next sums from National Agency Co. Ltd., and for securing the same, depo· sited the title deeds of the Tea Estate on the footing that he was its full owner. As the amonnt under the mortgage was not paid, a suitr was filed for realisation of the amount by sale of mortgage property .. in succession.