SHIROMANJ GURDWARA PARBANDHAK v. LT. SAR DAR RAGHBIR SINGH & Ors.

Appeal from the judgment and Decree dated the 1955 20th day of June 1950 of the High Court of Judica- Shiromani ture for the State of Punjab at Simla in Regular First P~:r:/,;J;:k Committee Appeal No. 73 of 1941 arising out of the Decree dated L.r. Sarda~ Raghbir the 19th _day of Decemb_er 19~0 of the Sikh Gurnd Sing/1 and others waras Tribunal, Lahore m Sutt No. 11 of 1938. Gurharhan Singh and R. S. N11/'/da. appellant. Achhru Ram. (Nau11i1 Lal with him). for the res pondents Nos. I and 2. K. L. Mehta, for the respondents Nos. 3 to 5.

#1955. March 24. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by JAGANNADHADAS J.-This is an appeal on leave granted by the High Court of Punjab against its judgment affirming the decree of the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal dated the 19th December, 1940, dismissing the plaintiff's suit. The plaintiff in the appeal is the Committee of Management of Sikh Gurdwaras with in the Municipal limits of Amritsar (except the Gur dwara Sri Akal Takhat Sahib, Amritsar). The plaint was filed under section 25-A of the Sikh Gurdwaras (Punjab Act VIII of 1925) Act, 1925, (hereinafter referred to aS" the Act) for possession of certain pro perties situated in Amritsar. marked and bounded as specified in the plaint and purporting to have been declared as a Sikh Gurdwara by the Government of Punjab under section 17 of the Act by means of the notification No. 9-G dated the 3rd March, 1937. The case of the plaintiff-Committee is that thes.e properties were, and were determined to be, a Sikh Gurdwara. by name Gurdwara Bunga Sarkar. by the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal by its decree dated the 4th November, 1935 therefrom by the High and confirmed on appeal Court of Judicature at Lahore, on the 16th June. 1936 and that accordingly the Committee was entitled to possession of the properties. The facts that have led up to the present appeal are as follow~: After the Act was passed and within one year of its commence ment the then existing non-statutory Shiromani Gur- 2 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 69 1955 Shiroma11i p~,b,f;;'J/;,'.k Committee dwarn Parbandhak Committee filed a list under section 3 of th1,; Act claiming the suit properties and certain other items attached thereto· as belonging to the Gur- dvvarn Harmandir Sahib. These properties comprised two items called Bunga Sarkar and Bunga Mai .Ma_llan Lt. &rd"~· Raghbir and the shops appurtenant to each of them. Ob1ections Singh mid others were filed to this list by way of two applications r,g 1111~/,~;d~1 s1. under section 8 of the Act claiming these as private properties. One was hy Sardar Balwant Singh dated, the 8th March, I 928 and the other was by Sardar Raghhir Singh dated the 10th March, 1928. Sardar Raghbir Si;1gh claimed the whole of Bunga Sarkar and its appurtenant shops as well as 1I3rd· of the Bunga Mai Malian and of the appurtenant shops. Sardar Balwant Singh's claim was confined to l/3rd share; in Bunga Mai Malian anci in the appurtenant shops. The other l I 3rd share in Bunga Mai Mallan was apparently treated by these claimants as belong- ing to some other person who was not a party to these proceedings. These two applications were forwarded under section I 4 of the Act to the Gurdwara Tribunal for its decision. The parties these proceedings entered into a compromise on tre 6th Febri1ary, 1930. There were two compromises one relating to each of the applications. The net effect of the compromises w::is that some out of the items claimed were admitted to be the private property of the respective claimants the Y atries to Sri and the rest as ivakf hungas for Darbar Sahib, that the non-personal properties were to remain in the management of the claimants, their heirs and representatives as such wakf with certain stipulations as to how that management was to be carried on. The Tribunal disposed of the two applica- tions before them in terms of these compromises. It may be mentioned that though the original list under section 3 of the Act was filed by the then non-statu- tory Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, the compromises were entered into by the Managing Com- mittee of the Gurdwaras within limits of the Municipal Committee, Amritsar, which presumably had already by then been formed under section 85 independently of the Act. Now, quite 10 8 SCI!ND/82 70 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1955J 1955 · d Lt .. sard;; Rag1tb;,sigrie~ by. 55 Sik)ls. claiming Shiromo11i Gurdwara Porhandhak Commi11ee proceedmgs before the Tribunal, and prior to the filing of the list under section 3 and of the objec- • referred to. there had twns un er section 5 above the Act, been filed a petition under section 7 of these very properties Smf!h and others as bemg m themselves a Sikh Gurdwara bv name !Maharaja Ranjit Singh Saheb) and .Tal!amzadhadar J. Bunga Sarkar thereto enclosing a· list of properties as belonging It does not appear under section 7(2) of the Act. that this petition was brought to the notie;e of the G,trdwara Tribunal when it passed the decree in terms of the compromise with reference to the objections under section 5 of the Act. The petition under sec tion 7 was in the usual course followed by a notifica tion issued by the Government on the 18th February. 1930, under section 7!3) of the Act. This resulted in section 8 bv the Granthis (I) an objection under ohject\ng that this was not a Sikh Gtirdwara. and (2) two other objections by Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh, already previously above referred to, under section I 0 of the Act claiming the properties as their own and objecting to the claim made that thev were Sikh Gurdwaras. These ohj.;ctions were filed on -the 5th April. 1930. It may he· noticed that section 7(3) of the Act was the notification under within a few days after the compromise decrees in the proceedings under section 5 of the Act and it does not appear whether the compromises were brought to the notice of the Government or not. The~e objections under section 8 and JO (and presumably also the oetition under section 7) were forwarded to the Tri bunal for its decision under secl inn 14 of the· Act. The petition under section 8 filed by the Granthis was contested by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee !Statutorv) and after recording some evi- dence, the Tribuna 1 came to the conclusion that Bunga Sarkar was a Sikh Gurdwara and declared it as such on the 28th Aug1•st. 1935. On the objections under section I 0. notices were given to the Committee of Management as well as to the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee but they declined to become parties to it. The contest under section JO of the Act . . ~ 2S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 71 its decision dat~d the ~th Lt. Sarda~ Rag/ibir the compromises. As against .Ms Shiro1111111i P~~~t,~}'/,~t.; Com111i11ee was only as between the claimants and some of the Sikhs who filed the petition under section 7. At the hearing before the Tribunal both sides relied upon the previous compromises in support of their respective claims. The Tribunal . by November, 1935, decided that the properttes which Singh andlothers had been declared as the properties of Sardar Raghbir Jagamiadhmlas J. Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh respectively, should be declared to be their personal properties ~nd that the rest of the properties claimed to belong to Bunga Sarkar and Bunga Mai Malian should be declared to be Sikh Gurdwaras and as properties appurtenant thereto. It was also declared that these two Gurdwaras and the properties held to be appurtenant to them should vest in the management of Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh by virtue of and as per terms of decrees two appeals were presented by the Sikh wor- shippers to the High Court and the only question that ultimately appears to have been raised was that the direction given by the Tribunal to the effect that the remain in the management of the properties should claimants, Sardar Raghhir Singh and Sardar Balwant Singh, was illegal. The High Court without giving any decision on the legal question s.o raised was of the opinion that it was no function of the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal to pass an order on an application made unde1 section I 0 by the claimants that the claimants the properties appurtenant to the should manage Gurdwaras by virtue of the compromises. They thought that the question of right of management should be left open in these proceedings and that the directions in the decree of the Tribunal relating to the m:rnagement should be deleted therefrom and that the rest of the decrees of the Sikh Gurdwara Tribunal is to stand. They expressed their conclusion ir the follow- ing terms: "That portion of the decree of the Sikh Gurdwaras Trihunal which has declared the respondcnts's ri12ht to manage the Gurdwaras and the properties aooe11<if'ci thereto shall form no part of the J~cree granted hv the Tribunal; the .rest of the decree of the Sikh Gur- 72 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [l955J 1955 dwaras Tribunal stands, that is to_ say, the properties Siiirouu1ui which have been declared to be. the personal proper- ties of Sardar Raghbir Singh and Sardar Balwant Gurdwwa Parba11dhok Singh shall remain their properties and the properties committee Lt. surd,~: Raglibir ".".hich have been declare_d to be append~d to the two the properties of the two Siag/1 "'"' 01hm l1urdwaras shall Jaga1111adhadas J. Gurdwaras". The High Court also added that, though the proceed ings .mentioned the existence of two Gurdwaras by name Bunga Sarkar and Bunga Mai Mallan, the real position seemed to be that there was only one Gur dwara,. viz. Bunga Sarkar, and that Bunga Mai Mallan had no separate existence as a Gurdwara but was a well.-known part of Bunga Sarkar. This decision of the High Court was on the 16th June, 1936. This was followed by notification No. 9-G dated the 3rd March, 1937. under section 17 of the Act which is the founda tion of the present suit. On these facts a number of contentions were raised by hoth sides before the High Court as well as before us. The Judgment of the High Court as well as the arguments before us have covered a wide range. On the merits, the case for the plaintiff is quite simple. The plaintiff says that whatever may .be the position with reference to the earlier compromises" arrived at between the parties in the proceedings under section 5 of the Act, the later proceedings with reference to those very properties under section 10 of the Act re sulted in the judgment of the High Court dated the llith June 1936. which is conclusive and binding. By virtue of the said judgment and the notification dated the 3rd March, 1937, following thereupon, the plain tiff is entitled to possession of the properties by virtue of section 25-A of the Act. On the side of the defen dants various objections have been raised which may be summarised as follows: ( l) The proceedin!!S under section 10" did not result in any specific declaration in favour of the properties in dispute in the present suit constituted a Sikh Gurd w::ira or belong to a Sikh Gurdwara. No such decla ration can he 'gathered from the decision of the Tri bu!l'\l dated the 4th November. 1935. or from that of the Committee 2 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 73 1955 · is void. thereupon s11iruma11i Gurdwara Parbaud!rak co111111ittee the High Court on appeal dated the 16th June, 1936. (2) The Tribunal had no jurisdiction in disposing of an application under section I 0 of the Act, to give a positive declaration that the property in question is function was to decide Lt. sarJd: Raghb a Sikh Gurdwara. Its only Singh 1111'!_ others whether or not the properties claimed were the pri- vate properties of the claimants. Hence even if the Jaga111wdiradas J decision of the Tribunal and of the High Court can be treated as a decision declaring the properties as a Sikh Gurdwara that is not valid and the notification (3) Any such decision issued would be contrary to section 37 of the Act and also ctrntrary to the princir!es of res judicata and would be. therefore, a nullity on that ground. (4) The con- duct of the Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the concerned Committee of Management, in entering into the conipromises in the proceedings under sec- tion 5 of the Act without disclosing the ptndency of the 55 Sikhs under sei:;tion the petition filed by 7 of the Act, followed up by their declining to be the section 10 proceedings and in made parties in virtually promoting the contest of the proceedings under sections 8 and 10, was fraudulent. They are accordingly estopped from r.elying on the decree ob- tained under section 10 proceedings and basing their right to relief thereon. {5) The suit under section 25-A lies only where the decision on an objection under section 10(1) is reached after the notification that the Gurdwara is a Sikh Gurdwara is published since the section refers to a decision in favour of a "Notified Sikh Gurdwara" implying the pre-existence of such notification. (6) The suit under section 25-A was barred by limitation. (7) The whole appeal abated in the High Court inasmuch as one of the respondents Sardar Balwant Singh died during the pendency of the appeal. His legal representatives were not brought the Jjig:h Court declined to on record in time and excuse the delay and to set aside the abatement, as a resu It of which the entire appeal abated, the claim against both the respondents being joint and not be- ing maintainahle against one only in the absence of 74 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1955 55 1 " Shiromani P~;'[,i,~J{%k committee the other. In addition these contentions which have been put forward before us and strenuously argued by both sides, the. High Court also based its decision on the view that section 7 of the Act ass\1mes Lr. Sardo"; Raghbir ~he existence of '.l Gurdw~ra and that a. no~ification Singh and others issued under section 7(3) without there bemg m fact a Ja;amiadlwdas J Gurdwara in existence would be ultra vires. · present case, in view of the prior proceedings under following the1 eupon, section 5 and the compromises the non-existence of the Gurdwara as claimed in the petition under section 7(1) must be t:iken to have been made out and therefore the notification and all illegal and the proceedings following ultra vires. thereupon are In Though we have heard elaborate arguments fro.m b0th sides on these various contentions, it appeared to ns ultimately that the plea of limitation is decisive again~t the appellants and that it is unnecessary to expres.< any opinion on any of the other contentions raised. The question of limitation arises with refer ence to the terms of section 25-A which is as follows: "25-A. (I) When it has been decided under the provisions of this Act that a right, title or interest in immovable property belongs to a Notified Sikh Gur dwara, or any person, the Committee of the Gur dwara concerned or the person in whose favour a declaration has been made may, within a period of one year from the date of the decision or the date of the constitution of the Committee, whichever is later, institute a suit before a tribunal claiming to be awarded possessidn of the right, title or interest in the immovable property in question as against the parties to the previous petition, and the tripunal shall if satisfied -that the claim relates to the right, title or interest in tlie immovable property which has been held to belong to the Gurdwara, or to the person in whose favour the declaration has been made. pass a decree for possession accordingly. (2) Notwithstanding· anything contained in any Act to the contrary, the court-fee payable on the plaint in such suit shall be five rupees". 2 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 75 1955 Sltiromani p~:;~;;;:k Committee This section provides. for the filing of the suit, the period of one year from the date of the decision or the date of the constitution of the committee which- ever is later. Now the date of the decision in this case must be taken to be the date when the High Court Lr. sardd: Rag!thir on app~al disposed of the proceedings imder section Singh and others 10, i.e., the 16th June, 1936. The present suit has Jagannadhadas J. been filed on -the 25th February, 1938, i.e., clearly the decision. The question beyond one year of therefore, is whether the suit can for consideration, be said to have been within one year from the date of the constitution of the Committee of the Gurdwara concer'ned. Now, one has to turn to sections 85, 86 and 88 of the Act to appreciate which is the Com- mittee concerned with this Gurdwara and what the c.late of its constitution is. Section 85 is as follows On so far as it is relevant): "Subject to the provisions _of -section 88, there shall be one committee for the Gurdwaras known as the Darbar Sahib, Amritsar, and the Baba Atal Sahib, and all other Notified Sikh Gurdwaras situated Within the municipal hn1111dorie.1· of <A mrirsar other than the Sri AkRI Takht Sahib". Section 86 is as follows (in so fay as it is relevant): "For every Notified Sikh Gurdwara other than a Gurdwara specified in section 85 a committee shall be constituted after it has been declared to be a Sikh Gurdwara under the provisions of this Act". Section 88 is as follows (in so far as it is re.levant): "<l l The committees described in sections 85 and 86 shall be constituted as soon as may be after c0nstitution of the Board. provided that no committee shall be constituted for any gurdwara under -t-he pro visions of this Act unless and until it has been declared to he a Sikh Gurdwara under th~ provisions of this Act. (2) When all the members of any committee described in section 85 have been elected or co-opted. as the case may be, according to the provisions of that section. the Provincial Government shall notify the fact that the committee has been duly constituted, 76 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1955 I 1955 j . . . · . . . __ S111gh and others G S//fr<J111a11i Gurdwara Parbandhak Con11nittcc v. and the date of the pubfkatio11 of the notificat1011 shalt be deemed to be the date of the constitution of the committee". N · • ow. 1t 1s not . n.m waras situate within the Mu111cmal d. 1sputed that the present plaintiff LI. Sardar Raghhirwhich i' the Committee of Management for all the . . d limits of Jagmmadhada., J. Amritsar, except the Gurdwara Sri Akai Takht Sahib was constituted prior to the year 1930 and was in fact functioning at the date of the compromises in the section 5 proceedings dated the 6th February, 1930. ft is also not disputed that bv virtue of section 85(2), this committee also became the Committee concerned with the suit Gurdwara, which is admittedly located within the Municipal limits of Amritsar. But it is contended for the appellants that this Committee be comes concerned with the suit Gurdwara only from the date when the notification under section 17 is issued, i.e .. from the 3rd March, 1937, and that. there fore, the plaintiff had one year from that elate for the filing of the suit and that in the situation, section 25-A alternative period of limitation as in providing the being "one year from the date of the constitution of the committee". must be construed reasonablv being one year from the elate of the notificatiOn in such a case and that for the purposes of this section, the pre-existing committee must be deemed to have been constituted for the suit Gurdwara only on the In support of this conten date of the notification. tion it has been pointed out that the specific policy of the Act as discfosed in sections 86 and 88 is that no Committee is to be formed for a Gurdwara until after it has been "declared a Sikh Gurdwara under the pro visions of the Act. It is accordingly urged that the phrase "constitution of section 25-A should be construed so as to indioote a point of time not earlier than the notification of the concerned Gurdwara and that in the circumstances and in such cases the date of the notification of the Gurdwara mmt be the date of the comtitution of the concerned committee. It aopears to us, however, that this con tention is untenable. Section 86 in terms relates to than Gurdwaras a Notified Sikh Gurdwara other the committee" in 2S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 77 l955 Shiromani p~~~';df:,k Committee specified in section 85. Hence so far as our !)resent purpose is concerned, the policy uQderlying section 86 does not necessarily apply to the Gurdwaras within the Municipal for which a limits of Amritsar C'ommittee already exists. Moreover, sub-section (2) Lt. sdrda~ Raghbir of section 88 provides with reference to Committees Singh and others under section 85, that, as soon as all the members Jagam;-;;dhadtts 1. described therein have been elected or co-opted, the fact should be duly notified, and also declares in clear and categorical terms that the date of the publication of the notification shall be deemed to be the date of the constitution of the Committee. In the face of this deeming provision relating to these committees, it is not permissible to impute to such a Committee any other date as the date of its constitution for any of the purposes of the Act and to imply an exception and an addendum to the specific deeming provision. This would be legislating. We cannot, therefore, ac- cept the contention of the appellant that the date of the notification under section 17 in the p1esent case should be deemed to be the date of the constitution of the Committee concerned for the purposes of section 25-A. It has been urged that this view deprives the Committee of the benefit of the longer alternative in a case where period of no notification under section 17 has been issued until after the expiry of an year the date the Gurdwara claimed of the final decision is a Sikh Gurdwara, the remedy under section 25-A would become inapplicable. It may be that an ex- ceptional case of undue delay in the publication of the notification may be a casus omissus but such a delay need not be assumed to be a matter of course. That, at any rate, is not the present case where the notification was in fact issued within nine months of the decision of the High Court. ·The Committee which should have been alert with reference to these matters, had, not only the whole of these nine months to take step~ to get the notification published earlier, but, it forward with had three months the present suit. However this may be. we do not any question of hardship, consider that 11-R ~rt INDl82 thereafter to come limitation and there is 78 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1955] 1955 Shiromani P~~t:;:t:,ik commime because obviously section 25-A is only lln enabling section providing a cheap remedy by way of a suit before the Tribunal itself. We are clearly of the opinion that the· present suit under section 25-A is lb' barred by· limitation and on this ground the appeal v. R L S d t. ar ar ag 1 1r 1 Singh and othf'rS must a1 . f .. Jagannadlradas J. The appeal is accordingly dismissed with costs. Appeal dismissed. 1955 March 24 THE ST A TE OF BJHAR v. M. HOMJ AND ANOTHER [VIVIAN BOSE, .TAGANNADHADAS and SINHA, .T.T.J Surety bond-Stipulations of a penal nature-Whether should be construed strictly. In a s11rety bond the sureties bound themselves for payment of Rs .. 50,000 "only in case Mr. Ali Khan fails . . . to surrender to the Deputy Commissioner of Singhbhum within three days of the receipt of the notice of the order or judgment of the Judicial Com mittee if by the said order or judgment the sentence is upheld either partly or wholly". As a result of the constitutional changes the jurisdiction of the Privy Council came to be transferred to the Federal Court, and eventually Ali Khan's appeal to the Privy Coun cil was heard and dismissed by the Federal Court. Thereupon the Deputy Commissioner issued notice to the sureties to produce Aii Khan within three· days. Held, that the proceedings taken agaiqst the sureties \Vere en tirely .misconceived as the penalty stipulated had not been incurred, in ,·iew of the terms of the bond set out above. Provisions in a surety bond which are penal in nature mtist be very strictly construed and there is no room for the application of a legal fiction that the judgment of the Federal Court must be deemed to be the judgment or order contemplated by the parties to the surety bond. CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Ap peal No. 62 of 1953. Appeal under. Article l 34(])(c) of the Constitu tion from the Judgement and Order dated the 27th March 1953 of the High Court of Judicature at Patna in Criminal Revision No. 1290 of 1951 <•ri5ing out of