SUPREME COUR1' REPORTS v. Secretary, Mt1ni

BHA W ANIPORE BANKING CORPORA TION, LTD. v. GOURISHANKARSHARMA [SHRI HARILAJ, KANIA C.J., SAIYID l!'AZL ALI, PATANJALI SASTRI, MEHR CHAND MAHAJAN, MuKHJmn;A and S. I~. DAS JJ.] 1950 l\Iaroh 1'. Limitation Act (IX of 1908j, Art. 152, els. 2 and 3-Exe· 1mtion of decree-Limitation-Starting point-" TVhe1·e the1·e has been a re,view", meaning of-Applicatit!n for 1·e·ope11in(I decree under s. 30, Benr;al Money-lenders Act dismissed /01: default and appeal from order of <lis11iissal- lVhether afre fresh startina for liinitntion ~ :(or execution ~f decree-Interpretation of Art. 182, els. 2 and a. A preliminary decree on a mortgage was pa~~ed ex 1ia.rtn on the 2l~t August, 1940. The judgment debtor made an application uurlet ij, 36 of tho Bengal Money·lenderR Act for re·opeuing the 1915() BhawanijJore Banking Cor J>oration, Ltd, v. Gowri Shankar Sharma 26 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1950] decree and the application was dismissed for default of appear ance on the ~0th December, 1941, and an application under O. IX, r. 9, C.P.C .• for restoration of this application was also dismissed In the meanwhile on the ~2nd December, on the 1st June, 1942. 1941, a final decree was passed. The judgment·debtor preferred an appeal from the order dismissing his application under o. IX, r. 9, C.P.C., a.nd this appeal was disn1issed for non·prosecution on the 3rd July, 1944. On the 9th April, 1945, the decree-holder applied for execution of the decree: Held that, even assuming that the Y/Ortl "review" has been used in Art. 182 of the Indian Limit:ttion Act, 1908, in a wide sense and that the application under ,. 36 of the Bengal Money· lenders Act was an application for revibw. cl. 3 of Art. 182 was not a.pplica.ble to the case inasmuch a,; tbe application under s. 36 having been dismissed fo1· default the court had no occasion to apply its mind to the question \vhether the decree could or should be re-opened ancl t.ha,t ''there has been a review" of the decrer \Yithin the n1eaning of the !'ai<l clause. therefore be sidd it could 11ot Held also, that; the \\"Ord~ 0 \vhere there bas beeu !ill appeal" in cl. 2 of Art. 182 must Le read with the word> "for the exe· cution of a decree or order" iu the Article and the fa.ct that there was a.n appeal from the order rlis1nissing the application under O. IX. r. 9, wade in connection with the pro ceeding under s. 36 of Money-lender• Act, could c.ot thernfore give a fresh starting point for limitation under Art. 18~, cl. \!. the 1st coluwn of APPEAL from the High Court of Judicature' at Cal cutta: Civil Appeal No. LI of 1949. Manohar Lal, (H. K. Mitter with him), for the appellant. B. G. Mitter, for the respondent. 1950. March 14. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by. j ' Fazl AliJ, FAZL ALI ,J.-The only question to be decided in this appeal, which arises out of an execution proceed ing, is whether the decree under execution is barred by limitation. The first court held that the decree was not barred, but the High Court has come to the opposite conclusion, and the decree-holder has, after obtaining a certificate under Section 110 of the Civil Procedure Code, appealed fo this Court. The facts may be briefly stated as follows. On the 21st August, 1940, a preliminary mortgage decree was • i980 BhawaHij>orc BaffliHgCor· j>oratiMS, Ltd. ". Gow·i ShaHkar Sharma. Faz/ Ali]. ·~ '

6. S.C.R. SUPREME COBRT REPORTS 27 passed ex parte in a suit instituted by the appellant to enforce a mortgage. On the 19th September, 1940, the judgment-debtor made an application under Order IX, rule 13, of the Civil Procedure Code for setting aside the ex parte decree, but this application was rejeMed on the 7th June, 1941. On the 11th July, 1941, the judgment-debtor filed an application under Section 36 of the Bengal Moneylendtirs Act, for reopening the preliminary decree, but this appli cation was dismissed for defal}lt of appearance on the 20th December, 1941. Thereafter, a final mortgage decree was passed in favour of the appellant, on the 22nd December. The judgment-debtor then made an application- under Order IX, rule 9, of the Civil Proce dure Code for the restoration of the proceedings under Section 36 of the Moneylenders Act. The application was however dismissed on the 1st June, 1942, both on the ground that no sufficient cause for the non appearance of the applicant and his failure to take steps in the proceedings was shown and on the ground that no purpose would be served by reopening the preliminary decree after . the final decree had been passed. The judgment-debtor thereafter preferred an appeal to the High Court at Calcutta from the ded sion dismissing his application under Order IX, rule9, but the appeal was dismissed for non-prosecution, on the 3rd July, 1944. On the 9th April, 1945, the appellant filed an application for executing the decree against the original judgment-debtor, though he .had died previously, and this application was dismissed for default on the 11th May, 1945. On the 2nd June, 1945, the present application for execution was .filed, and the question which we have to decide is whether this application is in time. It is quite clear that the application for execution having been macje more than three years after the date of the final decree, it must be held to be time barred, unless, as has been contended before us, the case falls under either clause 2 or clause 3 of article 182 of the Indian Limitation Act. Under these clauses, t.ime to make the applic1ttfon begins t.o run from- 19ll0 Bha.wanipore BaHking Cor J>oratio1i Ltd. v. Go11Yi Sl1ankar Shartna, Fusl AUJ. 28 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ll950] "2. (Where there has been an appeal) the date of the final decree or order of the appellate Court, or the withdrawal of the appeal, or

3. (Where there has been a review of judgment) the date of the decision passed on the review .... " • ' It is contended that the case is covered by clause 3, and the ground urged in support of this contention is • that the application made by tbe judgment-debtor for reopening the preliminary mortgage decree under Section 36 of the Moneylenders Act must be regarded as an application for review and time should be held to run from the date of the final order passed in the proceedings connected with that application. In our opinion, there is no substance in this contention. The important words in clause 3 of article 182 are : (1) " where there has been a review " and (2) " the decision passed on the review ". These words show that before a case can be brought under article 182, clause 3, it must be shown firstly that the court had undertaken to review the relevant decree or order and secondly, that there has been a decision on the review. In the present case, even if it be assumed that the word "review" has been used in article 182 in a large sense and that the application for reopening the decree under Section 36 of the Bengal Moneylenders Act was an application review, the appellant cannot succeed, because the court never undertook or purport- ed to review the decree in question. What actually happened was that the application under Section 36 for. reopening the prt>liminary decree (not the final decree which is the decree sought to be executed) was dismissed for default and the application under Order IX, rule 9, ofthe Civil Procedure Code for the restor ation of the proceedings under Section 36 of the Moneylenders Act was also dismissed. Even if the fact that the judgment-debtor's application under Section 36 was directed against the preliminary mort gage decree is overlooked, that application having been dismissed for default, the court never had occa- sion to apply its mind to the question as to whether the decree could or should be reopened, and hence it cannot be said that " there has been a review " of the J • ~ 1960 Bhawaniport Banking Cor. poration Lid. v. Go11ri Shat1kar Sharma. Paz/ All j. S.O.R. SUPREME OOUR1' REPORTS 29 decree. The proceedings under Order II, rule 9, of the Code of Civil Procedure are not material to the pre sent discussion, because they did not involve a review of the decree under execution but a review, if it is at e.11 poss~b~ to call it a review, (which, in our opinion, it is not), of the order dismissing the judgment- •· debtor's application under Section 36 for default. • It was also suggested by the learned counsel for the appellant.that the case mig'b.t be held to be covered by clause 2 of article 182 on the ground that, even though no appeal was preferred from the final mortgage decree, the words " where there has been an appeal " are comprehensive enough toinchide in this case the appeal from the order dismissing the application under Order IX, rule 9, of the Civil Procedure Code, made in connec tion with the proceedings under Section 36 of the Moneylenders Act. This argument also is.a highly far-fetched one, because the expression "where there has been an appeal" must be read with the. words in column 1 of article 182, viz., "for the execution of a ; decree or order of any civil Court ........ ", and, however broadly we may constrµe it, it cannot be held to cover an appeal from an/ order which is passed in a coll1Lteral proceeding o\r w)lich ha.a no direct or immediate connection with tne decree under execution. In our view, this appeal has no substance, and we accordingly dililmiss it with costs. Appeal dismissed. Agent for the appellant : P. K. Ghatterji. Agent for the respondent: R.R. Biswas. •.\.